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PURPOSE: To identify the prevalence of Frailty Syndrome in the elderly and the relationship with risk of falling. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical clinical study. One hundred and one volunteers over 60 years old were submitted to audiological evaluation, Dynamic Gait Index - Brazilian brief (DGI), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Edmonton Fragility Scale (EFE) that verified, respectively, hearing thresholds, frailty syndrome, functional and dynamic balance, and risk of falling. The simple percentual distribution, the Wilcoxon´s test and the Bivariate Correlation with Pearson's coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Limits equal to or less than 1.0 and 5.0% were adopted. RESULTS: EFE identified 22.8% of volunteers as fragile and 22.8% as vulnerable. DGI and TUG found 34.6% and 84.1% of at risk for falls, respectively. Significant correlations between EFE and DGI (p <0.01), EFE and TUG (p <0.01), and DGI and TUG (p <0.01) were observed. Pearson's coefficient between EFE and DGI, EFE and TUG, and DGI and TUG were -0.26, -0.41, and 0.46, respectively. An association between DGI and TUG and age (p <0.01) was identified. No correlation between EFE and sex or age was found. CONCLUSION: Frailty and pre-frailty were identified in a significant segment of the volunteers, especially in the oldest subjects. Functional and dynamic balance were moderately correlated with frailty, which demonstrated that frailty syndrome increases the risk of falls.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência da Síndrome da Fragilidade em idosos e suas relações com o risco para quedas. MÉTODO: Estudo clínico descritivo, transversal e analítico. Cento e um voluntários com mais de 60 anos, foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica, Dynamic Gait Index ­ Brazilian brief (DGI), Timed Up and Go(TUG) e Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton (EFE) que determinaram, respectivamente, os limiares auditivos, síndrome da fragilidade, equilíbrio funcional e dinâmico e risco para quedas. Utilizou-se a distribuição percentual simples, o teste de Wilcoxon e de Correlação Bivariada com coeficiente de Pearson para a análise estatística. Foram adotados limites iguais inferiores a 1,0 e 5,0%. RESULTADOS: A EFE identificou 22,8% dos voluntários como frágeis e 22,8% como vulneráveis. O DGI e o TUG classificaram 34,6 e 84,1% de riscos para quedas. Ocorreu correlação significativa entre a EFE e o DGI (p<0,01), a EFE e o TUG (p<0,01) e o DGI e TUG (p<0,01). O coeficiente de Pearson entre EFE e o DGI, entre o EFE e o TUG e DGI e TUG foram -0,26, -0,41 e 0,46 respectivamente. Ocorreu associação entre DGI e TUG e idade (p<0,01). Não houve correlação entre a EFE com sexo e idade. CONCLUSÃO: A fragilidade e pré-fragilidade foi identificada em uma parcela expressiva dos voluntários, sobretudo nos mais longevos. O equilíbrio funcional e o dinâmico se correlacionaram moderamente com fragilidade, o que demonstrou que a Síndrome da fragilidade aumenta o risco para quedas.

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RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência da Síndrome da Fragilidade em idosos e suas relações com o risco para quedas. Método Estudo clínico descritivo, transversal e analítico. Cento e um voluntários com mais de 60 anos, foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica, Dynamic Gait Index - Brazilian brief (DGI), Timed Up and Go(TUG) e Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton (EFE) que determinaram, respectivamente, os limiares auditivos, síndrome da fragilidade, equilíbrio funcional e dinâmico e risco para quedas. Utilizou-se a distribuição percentual simples, o teste de Wilcoxon e de Correlação Bivariada com coeficiente de Pearson para a análise estatística. Foram adotados limites iguais inferiores a 1,0 e 5,0%. Resultados A EFE identificou 22,8% dos voluntários como frágeis e 22,8% como vulneráveis. O DGI e o TUG classificaram 34,6 e 84,1% de riscos para quedas. Ocorreu correlação significativa entre a EFE e o DGI (p<0,01), a EFE e o TUG (p<0,01) e o DGI e TUG (p<0,01). O coeficiente de Pearson entre EFE e o DGI, entre o EFE e o TUG e DGI e TUG foram -0,26, -0,41 e 0,46 respectivamente. Ocorreu associação entre DGI e TUG e idade (p<0,01). Não houve correlação entre a EFE com sexo e idade. Conclusão A fragilidade e pré-fragilidade foi identificada em uma parcela expressiva dos voluntários, sobretudo nos mais longevos. O equilíbrio funcional e o dinâmico se correlacionaram moderamente com fragilidade, o que demonstrou que a Síndrome da fragilidade aumenta o risco para quedas.

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the prevalence of Frailty Syndrome in the elderly and the relationship with risk of falling. Methods Descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical clinical study. One hundred and one volunteers over 60 years old were submitted to audiological evaluation, Dynamic Gait Index - Brazilian brief (DGI), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Edmonton Fragility Scale (EFE) that verified, respectively, hearing thresholds, frailty syndrome, functional and dynamic balance, and risk of falling. The simple percentual distribution, the Wilcoxon´s test and the Bivariate Correlation with Pearson's coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Limits equal to or less than 1.0 and 5.0% were adopted. Results EFE identified 22.8% of volunteers as fragile and 22.8% as vulnerable. DGI and TUG found 34.6% and 84.1% of at risk for falls, respectively. Significant correlations between EFE and DGI (p <0.01), EFE and TUG (p <0.01), and DGI and TUG (p <0.01) were observed. Pearson's coefficient between EFE and DGI, EFE and TUG, and DGI and TUG were -0.26, -0.41, and 0.46, respectively. An association between DGI and TUG and age (p <0.01) was identified. No correlation between EFE and sex or age was found. Conclusion Frailty and pre-frailty were identified in a significant segment of the volunteers, especially in the oldest subjects. Functional and dynamic balance were moderately correlated with frailty, which demonstrated that frailty syndrome increases the risk of falls.

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PURPOSE: to verify the effectiveness of a Speech Therapy intervention program to decrease the risk of falls in elderly people. METHODS: Exploratory and intervention study where upon 148 volunteers from community, both genders, with an average of 68.6(± 6.5) years were submitted to the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)- Brazilian brief and the Timed Up and Go (TUG). Volunteers with or without potential risk for falling were invited to participate in a 50-minutes long intervention program carried out for five consecutive weeks, based on Cawthorne and Cooksey exercises. Seventy-two volunteers 68.1(±6.5) years presented in at least three meeting, were reassessed. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Chi-square, Spearman and Correlation Matrix tests, with p≤5.0%. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (25.0%) and 106 (71.6%) participants presented, respectively, risks for falls in the DGI-Brazilian brief and TUG. There was negative correlation between the DGI-Brazilian brief (p=0.034) and positive with the TUG (p=0.0071) with age and both instruments (p=0.00000016). Through the comparison the initial and final data a positive correlation was found for the DGI-Brazilian brief and for TUG in the Chi-square test and by Wilcoxon's. Better performance was observed in both tests after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The intervention was effective in decreasing the risk for falls and improving gait performance, and functional and dynamic balance.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a eficácia de uma intervenção fonoaudiológica para diminuição do risco de quedas. MÉTODO: Estudo exploratório e de intervenção em que 148 voluntários socialmente ativos, de ambos os sexos, com média de 68,6(±6,5) anos foram avaliados pelo Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)­Brazilian brief e o Timed Up and Go (TUG). Todos os voluntários, com e sem risco para quedas, foram convidados para o programa de intervenção realizado em cinco semanas consecutivas, com duração de 50 minutos baseados nos exercícios de Cawthorne e Cooksey. Destes, 72 com 68,1(±6,5) anos, com e sem riscos para quedas, que participaram de, pelos menos, três encontros foram reavaliados. Foram utilizados o teste de Wilcoxon, Qui-quadrado, Spearman e Matriz de Correlação, com p≤5,0%. RESULTADOS: Inicialmente, 37(25,0%) e 106(71,6%) dos voluntários apresentaram, respectivamente, riscos para quedas no DGI­Brazilian brief e no TUG. Verificou-se correlação negativa do DGI-Brazilian brief (p=0,034) e positiva com o TUG (p=0,0071) com a idade e entre os dois instrumentos (p=0,00000016). Na comparação dos dados iniciais e finais de 72 voluntários averiguou-se correlação positiva no DGI-Brazilian brief e TUG no teste do Qui-quadrado e de Wilkoxon. Foi observado melhor desempenho nestes testes após a intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: A intervenção foi eficaz, uma vez que diminuiu o risco para quedas e melhorou o desempenho da marcha e equilíbrio funcional e dinâmico.

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RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a eficácia de uma intervenção fonoaudiológica para diminuição do risco de quedas. Método Estudo exploratório e de intervenção em que 148 voluntários socialmente ativos, de ambos os sexos, com média de 68,6(±6,5) anos foram avaliados pelo Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)-Brazilian brief e o Timed Up and Go (TUG). Todos os voluntários, com e sem risco para quedas, foram convidados para o programa de intervenção realizado em cinco semanas consecutivas, com duração de 50 minutos baseados nos exercícios de Cawthorne e Cooksey. Destes, 72 com 68,1(±6,5) anos, com e sem riscos para quedas, que participaram de, pelos menos, três encontros foram reavaliados. Foram utilizados o teste de Wilcoxon, Qui-quadrado, Spearman e Matriz de Correlação, com p≤5,0%. Resultados Inicialmente, 37(25,0%) e 106(71,6%) dos voluntários apresentaram, respectivamente, riscos para quedas no DGI-Brazilian brief e no TUG. Verificou-se correlação negativa do DGI-Brazilian brief (p=0,034) e positiva com o TUG (p=0,0071) com a idade e entre os dois instrumentos (p=0,00000016). Na comparação dos dados iniciais e finais de 72 voluntários averiguou-se correlação positiva no DGI-Brazilian brief e TUG no teste do Qui-quadrado e de Wilkoxon. Foi observado melhor desempenho nestes testes após a intervenção. Conclusão A intervenção foi eficaz, uma vez que diminuiu o risco para quedas e melhorou o desempenho da marcha e equilíbrio funcional e dinâmico.

ABSTRACT Purpose to verify the effectiveness of a Speech Therapy intervention program to decrease the risk of falls in elderly people. Methods Exploratory and intervention study where upon 148 volunteers from community, both genders, with an average of 68.6(± 6.5) years were submitted to the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI)- Brazilian brief and the Timed Up and Go (TUG). Volunteers with or without potential risk for falling were invited to participate in a 50-minutes long intervention program carried out for five consecutive weeks, based on Cawthorne and Cooksey exercises. Seventy-two volunteers 68.1(±6.5) years presented in at least three meeting, were reassessed. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Chi-square, Spearman and Correlation Matrix tests, with p≤5.0%. Results Thirty-seven (25.0%) and 106 (71.6%) participants presented, respectively, risks for falls in the DGI-Brazilian brief and TUG. There was negative correlation between the DGI-Brazilian brief (p=0.034) and positive with the TUG (p=0.0071) with age and both instruments (p=0.00000016). Through the comparison the initial and final data a positive correlation was found for the DGI-Brazilian brief and for TUG in the Chi-square test and by Wilcoxon's. Better performance was observed in both tests after the intervention. Conclusion The intervention was effective in decreasing the risk for falls and improving gait performance, and functional and dynamic balance.

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RESUMO A doença de coronavírus (COVID-19) é causada pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). O vírus é transmitido, principalmente, por gotículas, espirros e aerossóis e pode ser transmitido mesmo entre pacientes assintomáticos, havendo risco de contágio durante os procedimentos do audiologista, que utiliza e reutiliza equipamentos clínicos em uma ampla variedade de pacientes. Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever as etapas que podem ser adotadas pelos audiologistas para diminuir o risco de contaminação cruzada na prática clínica, durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Recomenda-se, portanto, a esses profissionais, o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, incluindo respiradores N95, luvas de procedimento, protetores para calçados descartáveis, protetores faciais ou óculos de segurança, gorros e aventais descartáveis, além de seguir, rigorosamente, os protocolos de biossegurança durante os cuidados audiológicos.

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2). This virus is transmitted mainly by droplets, sneezes and aerosols and can be transmitted even among asymptomatic patients, so there is a risk of transmission during the audiologist's procedures which, in addition, use and reuse clinical equipment in a wide variety of patients. This article aims to describe the steps that can be taken by the audiologist in order to decrease the risk of cross-contamination in clinical practice during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil. During the COVID-19 pandemic, audiologists are recommended to use personal protective equipment including N95 respirators, clinical gloves, disposable shoe covers, face shields or safety glasses, hair covers and disposable aprons, in addition to strictly following biosafety protocols during audiological care.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify associated factors and preventive measures for aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: the PPOT (population, predictor, outcome, and type of study) was the strategy used to define the eligibility criteria: (1) Population: people over 60 years of age; (2) predictor: hospitalized patients (3) Outcomes: associated factors and measures to prevent aspiration pneumonia; (4) Type of study: Observational Studies (transversal and case-control). We performed the data collection in the PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. Observational studies on factors associated with aspiration pneumonia and preventive measures in the elderly, without language restriction and available in full, were included. Data on authors/year/country, objective, methodology, sample, and results, were collected. The risk of bias was assessed, according to the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: a case-control and two cross-sectional studies were analyzed. One paper presented a smaller sample with 86 patients, and another presented a larger sample comprising 443 patients. The median age was 77 years old. Conclusion: factors such as severe stroke, dysphagia, advanced age, male gender, coronary heart disease, lower Glasgow coma scale score, use of mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, and aspiration of colonized gastric juice were associated with aspiration pneumonia.

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Abstract Introduction The process of aging could lead to seniors being more prone to falls, which affects their quality of life. Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between quality of life and gait in the elderly. Methods We used World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-Brief) Brazilian version and the Dynamic Gait Index to assess fifty-six volunteers from the northeast of Brazil. Ages ranged from 60 to 85 years. Results The Dynamic Gait Index, which indicates the probability of falls, resulted in 36.3% of the sample presenting abnormal results. There was correlation between domain 2 (psychological) and domain 4 (environment) with domain 1(Physical) and domain 3 (Social); a negative correlation between age and Domain 2; correlation between Question 1 (How would you rate your quality of life?) and domains 1, 2, and 4 and no correlation between questions 1 and 2 (How satisfied are you with your health?). Question 2 was correlated with all of the domains. There was negative association between question 1 and falls, and a slight correlation between the Dynamic Gait Index scores and Question 1. Conclusion The self-perception of the study group about their quality of life was either good or very good, even though a considerable percentage of individuals had suffered falls or reported gait disturbances.

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INTRODUCTION: The process of aging could lead to seniors being more prone to falls, which affects their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between quality of life and gait in the elderly. METHODS: We used World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief (WHOQOL-Brief) Brazilian version and the Dynamic Gait Index to assess fifty-six volunteers from the northeast of Brazil. Ages ranged from 60 to 85 years. RESULTS: The Dynamic Gait Index, which indicates the probability of falls, resulted in 36.3% of the sample presenting abnormal results. There was correlation between domain 2 (psychological) and domain 4 (environment) with domain 1(Physical) and domain 3 (Social); a negative correlation between age and Domain 2; correlation between Question 1 (How would you rate your quality of life?) and domains 1, 2, and 4 and no correlation between questions 1 and 2 (How satisfied are you with your health?). Question 2 was correlated with all of the domains. There was negative association between question 1 and falls, and a slight correlation between the Dynamic Gait Index scores and Question 1. CONCLUSION: The self-perception of the study group about their quality of life was either good or very good, even though a considerable percentage of individuals had suffered falls or reported gait disturbances.

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Introdução:O envelhecimento dos sistemas envolvidos no equilíbrio corporal pode causar eventos de quedas e piorar a qualidade de vida de idosos. Objetivo: verificar a eficácia de um programa de prevenção a quedas em idosos socialmente ativos. Método: 60 idosos foram submetidos à Avaliação da Mobilidade Orientada pelo Desempenho (Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment ­ POMA) e à Escala de eficácia de quedas ­ Internacional ­ Brasil (Falls Efficacy Scale International ­ FES I-Brasil)l que avaliam, respectivamente, a tendência e o medo de quedas. Aqueles com escores alterados participaram de um programa de intervenção durante oito semanas consecutivas e foram reavaliados. Resultados: Na avaliação do equilíbrio orientado, 70,0% dos idosos apresentaram risco moderado, 5,0 % risco alto e 25,0% risco baixo para queda, ocorrendo associação siginificante e inversamente proporcional com a idade. No término do programa, verificou-se associação entre os resultados iniciais e finais nos testes, visto que ocorreu a redução total do risco alto e elevação do risco baixo para 68,0%. Verificou-se a diminuição com a preocupação com quedas frente à associação significante entre o medo de quedas inicial e a reavaliação. Conclusão: A proposta se mostrou eficaz uma vez que diminuiu o risco de quedas melhorando, consequentemente, o equilíbrio corporal dos voluntários da pesquisa. Promoveu, ainda, a redução com a preocupação de futuras quedas, principalmente nos idosos mais longevos.

Introduction: The aging of systems involved in body balance can cause fall episodes and worsen life quality in the elderly. Objective: To verify the efficacy of a fall prevention program in socially active elderly. Method: 60 elderly were submitted to a Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment and to the Falls Efficacy Scale International FES I-Brasil that evaluate, respectively, the tendency and the fear of falling. Those with altered scores participated in an intervention program during eight consecutive weeks and were reevaluated. Results: In the oriented balance evaluation, 70.0% of the elderly presented moderate risk, 5.0% high risk and 25.0% for low fall risk, resulting in a significant relationship to age. At the end of the program it was confirmed the relationship between initial outcomes and final tests, noticing there was a total reduction of high risk and an increase of low risk to 68.0%. The reduction of falling fear was confirmed in view of the significant relationship between the initial fall fears and the reevaluation. Conclusion: The proposal was effective once the falling fears diminished, improving, consequently, body balance with those who volunteered in the research. It even promoted the reduction of future falling concerns, especially with older seniors.

Introducción: El envejecimiento de los sistemas involucrados en el equilibrio del cuerpo, puede provocar episodios de caídas y empeorar la calidad de vida en los ancianos. Objetivo: Verificar la eficacia de un programa de prevención de caídas en ancianos socialmente activos. Métodos: 60 ancianos fueron sometidos a la Evaluación del Desempeño de la Mobilidad y la Eficacia de Caidas en la Escala Internacional. (Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment e Falls Efficacy Scale International), para evaluar, respectivamente, la tendencia y el miedo a caerse. Aquellas personas con puntuación alterada participaron en un programa de intervención durante ocho semanas consecutivas y fueron reevaluados. Resultados: En la evaluación del equilibrio orientado, el 70,0% de los sujetos presentaron riesgo moderado de caerse, 5,0% alto y de un bajo riesgo de 25,0%. En los extremos del programa, hubo una relación entre los resultados de las pruebas iniciales y finales, así como la reducción total de alto riesgo y un bajo riesgo que alcanzó 68,0%. Se confirmó una disminución del miedo de caerse frente a la relación significativa entre el miedo inicial y la revaluación. Conclusión: La propuesta mostró ser eficaz una vez que disminuyó el riesgo de caídas, mejorando, consecuentemente, el equilibrio corporal de los voluntarios en la investigación.También promovió la reducción con la preocupación de futuras caída, sobre todo en los más ancianos.

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OBJETIVOS: analisar o desempenho de idosos no teste Dynamic Gait Index e Timed Up and Go Test para avaliar a tendência para quedas e verificar a interferência das variáveis idade, gênero e relato de eventos de quedas pregressas. MÉTODOS: trata-se de uma pesquisa clínica, descritiva, de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo para analisar os resultados obtidos da aplicação do Dynamic Gait Index e Timed Up and Go Test - versão brasileira, em 60 voluntários, de ambos os gêneros e idade entre 60 e 83 anos (média= 68,57 ± 5,94). O projeto de pesquisa foi apreciado pelo Comitê de Ética da instituição e seguiu as recomendações do parecer 196/96 da Legislação Brasileira para pesquisa com seres humanos. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se testes descritivos, teste de Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado (X²), sendo que foi adotado o p<0,05. RESULTADOS: verificou-se que 37 (61,7%) dos 60 voluntários pontuaram com índices inferiores ao padrão de normalidade no Timed Up and Go Test, enquanto, no Dynamic Gait Index 19 (31,7%) voluntários apresentaram índices inferiores ao ponto de corte. Ocorreu associação estatisticamente significante entre Dynamic Gait Index e as variáveis idade e quedas. Neste estudo o Timed Up and Go Test apresentou associação estatisticamente significante com as variáveis quedas e gênero. Encontraram-se valores estatisticamente significantes na comparação entre as variáveis. CONCLUSÃO: foi frequente a constatação de alteração funcional de equilíbrio e de marcha, e a maioria da amostra apresentou tendência para quedas. A idade associou-se com alterações de marcha e equilíbrio, o gênero com tendência para quedas, e os relatos de eventos de quedas pregressas com os dois instrumentos ...

PURPOSE: to evaluate and characterize the balance during gait using the Dynamic Gait Index and Time Up and Go Test Brazilian version and the interference of the variables gender, age and falling events. METHODS: this is a clinical research, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative to analyze the results of applying the Dynamic Gait Index and Time Up and Go Test -Brazilian version, in 60 volunteers of both sexes and aged between 60 and 83 years (mean = 68, 57 ± 5.94). The research project was appreciated by the Ethics Committee of the institution and followed the recommendations of the opinion 196/96. For data analysis we used descriptive tests, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square (X ²), and was adopted at p <0.05. RESULTS: we found that 37 (61.7%) of the 60 subjects scored with indices below the normal range in Time Up and Go Test while Dynamic Gait Index in 19 (31.7%) volunteers had rates below the cutoff point. There was a statistically significant association between Dynamic Gait Index and the variables of age and falls. In this study the Time Up and Go Test showed statistically significant association with the variables gender and falls. Values statistically significant were found in the study of the all variables. CONCLUSION: it was a frequent finding functional alteration of gait and balance, and most of the sample tended to fall. Age was associated with changes in gait and balance, gender with tendency to falls, and reports of events falls stunted with both instruments applied. The results presented here underscore the need for scientific and professional training directed at primary and secondary care in the elderly population. .