RESUMO
The performance of crossbred (1/2 Holstein x Zebu) cows supplemented on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the wet-dry transition period was evaluated. Eight cows with 497±50kg, during third and fourth lactations and after the lactation peak were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The treatments consisted of a factorial with two types of mineral supplements (nitrogenous and mineral salt) and two levels of concentrate (0.3 and 0.6% body weight (BW)/cow/day), based on corn and soybean meal (60:40), and supplied during the morning and afternoon milking. The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, with seven days for adaptation and seven for data collection. No interaction (P> 0.05) was observed between the supplements and the concentrate levels. The nitrogenous salt and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of crude protein, and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and the digestibility of crude protein. No effect (P> 0.05) of supplement and concentrate level was observed on the milk constituents and feed efficiency. Grazing crossbred after the lactation peak during the wet-dry transition period achieve the productive potential with 0.3% BW of concentrate per day and mineral salt.(AU)
Foi avaliado o desempenho de vacas mestiças (1/2 Holandês x Zebu) suplementadas em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens durante o período de transição águas-seca. Oito vacas com 497±50kg, durante a terceira e a quarta lactação e após o pico de produção, foram distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram de um fatorial com dois tipos de suplementos (sal nitrogenado e sal mineral) e dois níveis de concentrado (0,3 e 0,6% do peso corporal (PC)/vaca/dia), baseado em milho e farelo de soja (60:40) e suprido durante as ordenhas da manhã e da tarde. O experimento durou 56 dias, divididos em quatro períodos de 14 dias, sendo sete dias para adaptação e sete para coletas. Não foi encontrada interação (P>0,05) entre os suplementos e os níveis de concentrado. O sal nitrogenado e o maior nível de concentrado aumentaram (P<0,05) o consumo de proteína bruta, e o maior nível de concentrado aumentou (P<0,05) o consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta. Não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) de suplemento e de nível de concentrado sobre os componentes do leite e a eficiência alimentar. Vacas mestiças após o pico de lactação durante o período de transição águas-seca alcançam seu potencial produtivo com 0,3% do PC/dia de concentrado e sal mineral.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Ração Animal , PastagensRESUMO
The performance of crossbred (1/2 Holstein x Zebu) cows supplemented on Brachiaria decumbens pasture during the wet-dry transition period was evaluated. Eight cows with 497±50kg, during third and fourth lactations and after the lactation peak were distributed in two 4 x 4 Latin squares. The treatments consisted of a factorial with two types of mineral supplements (nitrogenous and mineral salt) and two levels of concentrate (0.3 and 0.6% body weight (BW)/cow/day), based on corn and soybean meal (60:40), and supplied during the morning and afternoon milking. The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into four periods of 14 days, with seven days for adaptation and seven for data collection. No interaction (P> 0.05) was observed between the supplements and the concentrate levels. The nitrogenous salt and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of crude protein, and the highest concentrate level increased (P< 0.05) the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and the digestibility of crude protein. No effect (P> 0.05) of supplement and concentrate level was observed on the milk constituents and feed efficiency. Grazing crossbred after the lactation peak during the wet-dry transition period achieve the productive potential with 0.3% BW of concentrate per day and mineral salt.(AU)
Foi avaliado o desempenho de vacas mestiças (1/2 Holandês x Zebu) suplementadas em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens durante o período de transição águas-seca. Oito vacas com 497±50kg, durante a terceira e a quarta lactação e após o pico de produção, foram distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram de um fatorial com dois tipos de suplementos (sal nitrogenado e sal mineral) e dois níveis de concentrado (0,3 e 0,6% do peso corporal (PC)/vaca/dia), baseado em milho e farelo de soja (60:40) e suprido durante as ordenhas da manhã e da tarde. O experimento durou 56 dias, divididos em quatro períodos de 14 dias, sendo sete dias para adaptação e sete para coletas. Não foi encontrada interação (P>0,05) entre os suplementos e os níveis de concentrado. O sal nitrogenado e o maior nível de concentrado aumentaram (P<0,05) o consumo de proteína bruta, e o maior nível de concentrado aumentou (P<0,05) o consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta. Não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) de suplemento e de nível de concentrado sobre os componentes do leite e a eficiência alimentar. Vacas mestiças após o pico de lactação durante o período de transição águas-seca alcançam seu potencial produtivo com 0,3% do PC/dia de concentrado e sal mineral.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Bovinos , Dieta/veterinária , Ração Animal , PastagensRESUMO
This study aimed to describe the radiographic anatomy and osteology and to evaluate angular radiographic measurements-Norberg angle, inclination angle and anteversion angle-of the pelvic limbs in free-ranging capybaras. Twenty cadavers of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), including five adults and 15 subadults, were studied. Ventrodorsal, craniocaudal, dorsoplantar and mediolateral radiographic views of the pelvic limbs were obtained. The radiographic features were described together with bone samples. The hip bone (os coxae), shaped like an isosceles trapezoid, was elongated and narrow with the presence of an oblong obturator foramen, sagittal ilial wing and rectilinear ilial body. The femoral shaft was relatively straight, while the greater trochanter was projected above the femoral head. No sesamoid bones of the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles were observed radiographically or for those animals used in gross macroscopy. The fibula was located lateral and parallel to the tibia. Eight tarsal bones, four metatarsal bones and three digits were identified. The mean radiographic measurements included Norberg angle of 125.9°; respective angles of femoral inclination by the Hauptman B and Tomlinson methods of 139.9 and 141°; anteversion angle of the femoral head and neck of 29.80°. The bones of the pelvic limbs in capybaras have several anatomical characters and radiological features that are shared with members of the caviomorph superfamily Cavioidea. The radiographic angles measured in this study help characterize the functional morphology of this species.
Assuntos
Membro Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Membro Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Roedores , Envelhecimento , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Life expectancy of crab-eating foxes in captivity is approximately 11 years, which favours the development of diseases including orthopaedic disorders. However, to understand disorders that may affect these animals, it is worth determining a normal range of measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate radiographic measurements of joint angles of the hindlimbs and the ratio of patellar ligament length to patellar length in healthy crab-eating foxes. Fifteen captive crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous), eight males and seven females, aged more than 1 year old, weighing 5.5-7.9 kg were used. Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles were assessed in ventrodorsal radiographic views, and mediolateral views were taken to measure patellar ligament length and patellar length, and the tibial plateau angle. The right and left hindlimbs were evaluated. All measurements were conducted in triplicate by the same investigator. No statistically significant differences were observed between sides in the radiographic measurements. The anatomic lateral proximal femoral angle and the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle recorded mean values of 95.43° and 92.75°, respectively. The mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle and the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle recorded mean values of 93.39° and 96.75°, respectively. Inclination angles measured according to the Tomlinson, Hauptman A and Hauptman B methods were 133.80°, 147.32° and 128.63°, respectively. The tibial plateau recorded 18.77°, and the ratio of the patellar ligament length to the patellar length was 1.99. In conclusion, the collected data are important to characterize the normal values of crab-eating fox limbs.
Assuntos
Canidae/anatomia & histologia , Membro Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Feminino , Fêmur/anatomia & histologia , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Patela/anatomia & histologia , Patela/diagnóstico por imagem , Ligamento Patelar/anatomia & histologia , Ligamento Patelar/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatic circulatory disturbances have been associated with obesity and fatty liver in humans. In the veterinary literature, however, there is limited information regarding the effects of different body condition scores (BCS) on liver hemodynamic indices in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of BCS on liver hemodynamic indices. ANIMALS: Fifty-three client-owned dogs of various breeds were included. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Dogs were divided into 3 BCS groups using a 5-point scale: G1 - 12 ideal dogs, G2 - 21 overweight dogs, G3 - 20 obese dogs. Mean portal velocity (MPV), portal blood flow volume (PBFV), portal congestion index (PCI), hepatic artery resistivity index (HARI), and hepatic vein (HV) spectral wave were obtained by pulsed Doppler sonography. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined. Liver enzymes activities and liver hemodynamic indices were compared among groups. RESULTS: Obese dogs had lower MPV, higher percentage of abnormal hepatic vein spectral wave and higher median ALP activity than did ideal dogs (P < 0.05). Overweight and obese dogs had lower PBFV than ideal dogs (P < 0.01). Overweight dogs had higher median GGT activity than ideal dogs (P < 0.05). No difference was observed for PCI, HARI and median ALT activity among the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Obesity was associated with changes in portal vein indices and in HV spectral wave. These changes were accompanied by significant differences in some liver enzymes activities and could be a sign of early liver disease.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Fígado/irrigação sanguínea , Obesidade/veterinária , Sobrepeso/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Feminino , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Circulação Hepática/fisiologia , Masculino , Obesidade/diagnóstico por imagem , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico por imagem , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Ultrassonografia Doppler/veterináriaRESUMO
This study describes the osteology and radiology of the pelvic limb in maned wolves. Ten (five live and five dead) maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), five males and five females, aged from 2 to 7 years old were used. Digital radiographs were taken and recorded for both pelvic limbs in all animals. Osteology was correlated with the radiographic images. The pelvis had a rectangular shape, and the obturator foramen (foramen obturatum) was oval. The femoral neck (collum femoris) was short and thick. The greater trochanter (trochanter major) extended proximally to near the dorsum of the femoral head (caput ossis femoris). The lateral femoral condyle (condylus lateralis) was larger than the medial condyle (condylus medialis), and the intercondylar fossa (fossa intercondylaris) had a slightly oblique orientation. The proximal tibia displayed medial and lateral condyles with the medial larger. The femur was slightly shorter than the tibia. Seven tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) were present, four long metatarsal bones (ossa metatarsalia II - V) and a short first metatarsal bone (os metatarsal I).
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Canidae/anatomia & histologia , Membro Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Membro Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise de Variância , Animais , Cadáver , Canidae/fisiologia , Feminino , Fêmur/anatomia & histologia , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Fíbula/anatomia & histologia , Fíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Ossos do Metatarso/anatomia & histologia , Ossos do Metatarso/diagnóstico por imagem , Ossos Pélvicos/anatomia & histologia , Ossos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica , Ossos Sesamoides/anatomia & histologia , Ossos Sesamoides/diagnóstico por imagem , Tarso Animal/anatomia & histologia , Tarso Animal/diagnóstico por imagem , Tíbia/anatomia & histologia , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Falanges dos Dedos do Pé/anatomia & histologia , Falanges dos Dedos do Pé/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The present study reports the first case of the presence of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides sp. in fecal examinations of a male Lutreolina crassicaudata, considered a synanthropic marsupial species with zoonotic potential. The Willis technique was used for the diagnosis. Presence of typical eggs of Strongyloides species in feces was detected. A fecal culture was performed to obtain larval stages, free-living adults and infective third stage larvae (L3) of this nematode after seven days, which was morphologically identified as Strongyloididae. This is the first report of infection by Strongyloides sp. in a tick-tailed opossum from Brazil.(AU)
O presente estudo relata o primeiro registro da presença do nematódeo intestinal Strongyloides sp. em exames de fezes de um macho de Lutreolina crassicaudata, considerado um marsupial sinantrópico com potencial zoonótico. A técnica de Willis foi empregada no diagnóstico. Presença de ovos típicos de Strongyloides spp. foi detectada nas fezes. Uma coprocultura foi realizada para obtenção de estágios larvais, adultos de vida livre e larvas infectantes de terceiro estágio (L3) deste nematódeo após sete dias, os quais foram identificados morfologicamente como Strongyloididae. Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por Strongyloides sp. em uma cuíca de cauda grossa do Brasil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gambás/parasitologia , Strongyloides , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais , Helmintíase Animal , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , BrasilRESUMO
Abstract The present study reports the first case of the presence of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides sp. in fecal examinations of a male Lutreolina crassicaudata, considered a synanthropic marsupial species with zoonotic potential. The Willis technique was used for the diagnosis. Presence of typical eggs of Strongyloides species in feces was detected. A fecal culture was performed to obtain larval stages, free-living adults and infective third stage larvae (L3) of this nematode after seven days, which was morphologically identified as Strongyloididae. This is the first report of infection by Strongyloides sp. in a tick-tailed opossum from Brazil.
Resumo O presente estudo relata o primeiro registro da presença do nematódeo intestinal Strongyloides sp. em exames de fezes de um macho de Lutreolina crassicaudata, considerado um marsupial sinantrópico com potencial zoonótico. A técnica de Willis foi empregada no diagnóstico. Presença de ovos típicos de Strongyloides spp. foi detectada nas fezes. Uma coprocultura foi realizada para obtenção de estágios larvais, adultos de vida livre e larvas infectantes de terceiro estágio (L3) deste nematódeo após sete dias, os quais foram identificados morfologicamente como Strongyloididae. Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por Strongyloides sp. em uma cuíca de cauda grossa do Brasil.
Assuntos
Animais , Gambás/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Strongyloides/isolamento & purificação , Estrongiloidíase/veterinária , Brasil , Fezes/parasitologia , LarvaRESUMO
The present study reports the first case of the presence of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides sp. in fecal examinations of a male Lutreolina crassicaudata, considered a synanthropic marsupial species with zoonotic potential. The Willis technique was used for the diagnosis. Presence of typical eggs of Strongyloides species in feces was detected. A fecal culture was performed to obtain larval stages, free-living adults and infective third stage larvae (L3) of this nematode after seven days, which was morphologically identified as Strongyloididae. This is the first report of infection by Strongyloides sp. in a tick-tailed opossum from Brazil.
Assuntos
Gambás/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Strongyloides/isolamento & purificação , Estrongiloidíase/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Fezes/parasitologia , LarvaRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o poder dióptrico da lente intraocular (LIO) em miniporco e as dimensões do bulbo do olho. Foram utilizados 17 miniporcos, sadios, adultos, machos e fêmeas, com peso médio de 70kg. Em todos os olhos foram realizadas a ultrassonografia modo A, a ceratometria e a medida da distância limbo a limbo. O cálculo do poder dióptrico da LIO foi obtido utilizando-se as fórmulas Haigis, Hoffer Q, SRK/T, Holladay I e Holladay II e o software Holladay IOL Consultant(r). Na comparação entre o sexo e a lateralidade do olho, não houve diferença nas variáveis biométricas e poder da LIO. A aplicação das fórmulas (Haigis, Holladay II, Holladay I, SRK/T e Hoffer Q) possibilitou o cálculo do poder da LIO. A Holladay II, fórmula que melhor individualiza o bulbo do olho do miniporco, estima valor dióptrico ao redor de 41 D. Os miniporcos têm potencial como modelo experimental em oftalmologia, relacionado ao seu menor porte e à facilidade no manejo, especialmente em experimentos de longa duração.
The aim of this study was to determine the refractive power of intraocular lens (IOL) of mini pigs and the dimensions of the eyeball. A total of 17 (34 eyes) healthy, adult, males and female animals, with average weight of 70kg were used. For every eye, A-mode ultrasound, keratometry and the measurement of limbo-to-limbo distance were conducted, all variables for calculating the refractive power of the IOL. The value was obtained using different formulas and Holladay IOL Consultant(r) Software. Additionally, the ocular measurements were compared per sex, laterality of the eye and the different formulas used in this study (Haigis, Hoffer Q, SRK / T, Holladay I and Holladay II). In the comparison between sex and laterality of the eye, there was no difference in biometric variables and power of the IOL. The application of the employed formulas (Haigis, Holladay II, Holladay I, SRK / T and Hoffer Q) allowed the IOL power calculation for this specie, and the observed value ranged between 39.58±2.15 and 46.60±2.81 diopters. Mini pigs play an important and growing role as an experimental model for study and practice of ophthalmic procedures, specially related to their smaller size and easy management in long-term experiments.