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RESUMO

Current treatment of Chagas disease (CD) is based on two substances, nifurtimox (NT) and benzonidazole (BZ), both considered unsatisfactory mainly due to their low activities and high toxicity profile. One of the main challenges faced in CD management concerns the identification of new drugs active in the acute and chronic phases and with good pharmacokinetic profiles. In this work, we studied the bioactivity of twenty 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. We identified seven derivatives with promising activity against epimastigote forms with IC50 values ranging from 6 µM to 44 µM. Most of the compounds showed no significant toxicity against murine macrophages. Our initial investigation on the mechanism of action indicates that this series of compounds may exert their anti-parasitic effect, inducing cell membrane damage. The results in trypomastigotes showed that one derivative, PDAN 78, satisfactorily inhibited metabolic alteration at all concentrations. Moreover, we used molecular modeling to understand how tridimensional and structural aspects might influence the observed bioactivities. Finally, we also used in silico approaches to assess the potential pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the most active compounds. Our initial results indicate that this molecular scaffold might be a valuable prototype for novel and safe trypanocidal compounds.

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RESUMO

The subclass naphthoquinone represents a substance group containing several compounds with important activities against various pathogenic microorganisms. Accordingly, we evaluated O-allyl-lawsone (OAL) antiparasitic and antifungal activity free and encapsulated in 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (OAL MKN) against Trypanosoma cruzi and Sporothrix spp. OAL and OAL MKN were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. The IC50 values of OAL against T. cruzi were 2.4 µM and 96.8 µM, considering epimastigotes and trypomastigotes, respectively. At the same time, OAL MKN exhibited a lower IC50 value (0.5 µM) for both trypanosome forms and low toxicity for mammalian cells. Additionally, the encapsulation showed a selectivity index approximately 240 times higher than that of benznidazole. Regarding antifungal activity, OAL and OAL MKN inhibited Sporothrix brasiliensis growth at 16 µM, while Sporothrix schenckii was inhibited at 32 µM. OAL MKN also exhibited higher selectivity toward fungus than mammalian cells. In conclusion, we described the encapsulation of O-allyl-lawsone in 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, increasing the antiparasitic activity compared with the free form and reducing the cytotoxicity and increasing the selectivity towardSporothrix yeasts and the T. cruzi trypomastigote form. This study highlights the potential development of this inclusion complex as an antiparasitic and antifungal agent to treat neglected diseases.

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RESUMO

BACKGROUND: ECT is considered the fastest and most effective treatment for TRD. Ketamine seems to be an attractive alternative due to its rapid-onset antidepressant effects and impact on suicidal thoughts. This study aimed to compare efficacy and tolerability of ECT and ketamine for different depression outcomes (PROSPERO/CRD42022349220). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and trial registries, which were the ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, without restrictions on publication date. SELECTION CRITERIA: randomized controlled trials or cohorts comparing ketamine versus ECT in patients with TRD. RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria (of 2875 retrieved). Random-effects models comparing ketamine and ECT regarding the following outcomes were conducted: a) reduction of depressive symptoms severity through scales, g = -0.12, p = 0.68; b) response to therapy, RR = 0.89, p = 0.51; c) reported side-effects: dissociative symptoms, RR = 5.41, p = 0.06; nausea, RR = 0.73, p = 0.47; muscle pain, RR = 0.25, p = 0.02; and headache, RR = 0.39, p = 0.08. Influential & subgroup analyses were performed. LIMITATIONS: Methodological issues with high risk of bias in some of the source material, reduced number of eligible studies with high in-between heterogeneity and small sample sizes. CONCLUSION: Our study showed no evidence to support the superiority of ketamine over ECT for severity of depressive symptoms and response to therapy. Regarding side effects, there was a statistically significant decreased risk of muscle pain in patients treated with ketamine compared to ECT.

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RESUMO

Rinoplastia é um procedimento comum realizado pelos cirurgiões plásticos. A rinomodelação com ácido hialurônico (AH) é um procedimento rápido e simples que não envolve afastamento das atividades na recuperação, ao mesmo tempo que fornece resultados comparáveis aos da rinoplastia cirúrgica. As indicações para preenchimento nasal incluem: pacientes que querem "testar" o resultado de uma rinoplastia, pacientes submetidos à rinoplastia que não desejam nova cirurgia para revisão de uma deformidade, pacientes que não são candidatos para cirurgia e pacientes que aguardam o intervalo de tempo adequado antes de passar por uma rinoplastia secundária. O nariz é a subunidade da face de maior risco para preenchimentos depois da glabela. À medida que aumenta o número de pacientes submetidos a preenchimentos, também aumenta o número de efeitos adversos associados.

Rhinoplasty is a common procedure performed by plastic surgeons. Nasal reshaping with hyaluronic acid (HA) is a fast and straightforward procedure that does not involve distancing recovery activities while providing results comparable to surgical rhinoplasty. Indications for nasal filling include patients who want to "test" the result of rhinoplasty, patients undergoing rhinoplasty who do not wish to further surgery to review a deformity, patients who are not candidates for surgery, and patients waiting for the appropriate time interval before undergoing a secondary rhinoplasty. The nose is the subunit of the face most at risk for fillings after glabella. As the number of patients submitted to fillings increases, so does the number of associated adverse effects.

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da aplicação de calcário, em doses superiores às recomendadas, e de gesso agrícola na produtividade e teor de macronutrientes do campo nativo na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra –RS. O experimento foi realizado em área de pastagem nativa, localizado em Vacaria –RS. O experimento foi disposto em blocos completamente casualizados alocados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Conduzido em esquema fatorial 3x2: sendo três doses de calcário (0; 3,0 e 5,0 ton ha-1, visando atingir a saturação por bases de 65% e 5,0 ton ha-1, visando atingir uma saturação por bases de 75%) e duas doses de gesso (0 e 2,0 ton ha-1), aplicados superficialmente. O gesso agrícola foi aplicado aleatoriamente em uma das subparcelas. Ao final de cada estação climática foram realizadas avaliações da produção de massa de forragem e teor de macronutrientes, na matéria seca da parte aérea, em duas amostras coletada de uma área de 0,25 m2por parcelas, através do corte da parte aérea “rente ao solo”. A produção de matéria seca do campo nativo no outono, inverno e primavera, apresentou incremento significativo com a aplicação de 5 ton ha-1, sem haver influência no verão. A aplicação de calcário no solo aumentou o teor de nitrogênio e potássio no tecido foliar do campo nativo no período do outono e de cálcio na primavera. A aplicação de gesso agrícola aumentou a produção de matéria seca apenas na primavera e reduziu os teores de magnésio no inverno. Portanto, os resultados demonstram, o potencial de usodo calcário em doses superiores as recomendadas atualmente e do gesso agrícola para aumento da produção de forragem e qualidade das forragens naturais nas épocas avaliadas por este presente trabalho.(AU)

The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the application of lime in doses higher than those recommended and of agricultural gypsum on the productivity and macronutrient content of the native field in the "Campos de Cima da Serra" region (Southern Brazil). The experiment was conducted in a native pasture located in Vacaria municipality (Rio Grande do Sul state). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks allocated in split plots, with four replications each. Conducted in a3x2 factorial scheme: three doses of limestone (0, 3,and 5ton ha-1, aiming to reach a base saturation of 65% and 5.0 ton ha-1, aiming to reach a base saturation 75%) and two doses of gypsum (0 and 2.0 ton ha-1), applied superficially. In addition, agricultural gypsum was randomly applied to one of the subplots. At the end of each climatic season, evaluations of forage mass production and macronutrient content were carried out in dry shoot matter in two samples collected from an area of 0.25 m2 per plot by cutting theaerial part "close to the ground”. The production of dry matter in the native field in autumn, winter and spring showed a significant increase with the application of 5 ton ha-1, with no influence in summer. Furthermore, the application of lime in the soil increased the nitrogen and potassium content in the leaf tissue of the native field in the autumn period. Interestingly, the same happens to calcium in the spring. On the other hand, the application of agricultural gypsum increased dry matter production only in spring and reduced magnesium contents in winter. Therefore, the results demonstrate the potential of using limestone in doses higher than those currently recommended and agricultural gypsum to increase natural forage production and their quality attime intervals evaluated in this work.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da aplicação de calcário, em doses superiores às recomendadas, e de gesso agrícola na produtividade e teor de macronutrientes do campo nativo na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra –RS. O experimento foi realizado em área de pastagem nativa, localizado em Vacaria –RS. O experimento foi disposto em blocos completamente casualizados alocados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Conduzido em esquema fatorial 3x2: sendo três doses de calcário (0; 3,0 e 5,0 ton ha-1, visando atingir a saturação por bases de 65% e 5,0 ton ha-1, visando atingir uma saturação por bases de 75%) e duas doses de gesso (0 e 2,0 ton ha-1), aplicados superficialmente. O gesso agrícola foi aplicado aleatoriamente em uma das subparcelas. Ao final de cada estação climática foram realizadas avaliações da produção de massa de forragem e teor de macronutrientes, na matéria seca da parte aérea, em duas amostras coletada de uma área de 0,25 m2por parcelas, através do corte da parte aérea “rente ao solo”. A produção de matéria seca do campo nativo no outono, inverno e primavera, apresentou incremento significativo com a aplicação de 5 ton ha-1, sem haver influência no verão. A aplicação de calcário no solo aumentou o teor de nitrogênio e potássio no tecido foliar do campo nativo no período do outono e de cálcio na primavera. A aplicação de gesso agrícola aumentou a produção de matéria seca apenas na primavera e reduziu os teores de magnésio no inverno. Portanto, os resultados demonstram, o potencial de usodo calcário em doses superiores as recomendadas atualmente e do gesso agrícola para aumento da produção de forragem e qualidade das forragens naturais nas épocas avaliadas por este presente trabalho.

The objective of this work was to verify the effect of the application of lime in doses higher than those recommended and of agricultural gypsum on the productivity and macronutrient content of the native field in the "Campos de Cima da Serra" region (Southern Brazil). The experiment was conducted in a native pasture located in Vacaria municipality (Rio Grande do Sul state). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks allocated in split plots, with four replications each. Conducted in a3x2 factorial scheme: three doses of limestone (0, 3,and 5ton ha-1, aiming to reach a base saturation of 65% and 5.0 ton ha-1, aiming to reach a base saturation 75%) and two doses of gypsum (0 and 2.0 ton ha-1), applied superficially. In addition, agricultural gypsum was randomly applied to one of the subplots. At the end of each climatic season, evaluations of forage mass production and macronutrient content were carried out in dry shoot matter in two samples collected from an area of 0.25 m2 per plot by cutting theaerial part "close to the ground”. The production of dry matter in the native field in autumn, winter and spring showed a significant increase with the application of 5 ton ha-1, with no influence in summer. Furthermore, the application of lime in the soil increased the nitrogen and potassium content in the leaf tissue of the native field in the autumn period. Interestingly, the same happens to calcium in the spring. On the other hand, the application of agricultural gypsum increased dry matter production only in spring and reduced magnesium contents in winter. Therefore, the results demonstrate the potential of using limestone in doses higher than those currently recommended and agricultural gypsum to increase natural forage production and their quality attime intervals evaluated in this work.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A discromia azul das unhas possui vários diagnósticos diferenciais. Crescimento da lesão, distrofia ungueal associada e extensão periungueal requerem avaliação para excisão cirúrgica. Mulher, 27 anos, apresentava mancha azulada, semicircular, ocupando cerca de 50% da lúnula, sem alteração da lâmina suprajacente, com pequena alteração da porção distal da unha, com camadas do tipo "onicosquizia localizada", sem história prévia de trauma ou sangramento. Realizada avulsão parcial da placa e biópsia excisional por saucerização da lesão fortemente pigmentada. O exame histopatológico foi compatível com nevo azul. Sugere-se que, neste caso, o nevo se situasse em posição submatricial, não interferindo, portanto, na coloração da lâmina ungueal

Blue nail dyschromia has several differential diagnoses. Lesion growth, associated nail dystrophy, and nail extension require evaluation for surgical excision. We report the case of a 27-year-old woman presenting a bluish, semicircular stain, occupying about 50% of the lunula. The patient presented no changes in the overlying lamina, small alteration of the distal nail portion, localized onychoschizia-type layers, and no previous trauma or bleeding history. We performed partial avulsion of the plaque and shave biopsy, evidencing an intensely pigmented lesion. Histopathological examination was compatible with blue nevus. In this case, the nevus should be located in the sub-matricial position, thus not interfering with the nail plate color

RESUMO

A queimadura química é um desafio devido à sua agressividade em comparação com as queimaduras térmicas. A profundidade e extensão das lesões em diferentes áreas do corpo nos levam a buscar diferentes possibilidades para auxiliar no melhor tratamento do paciente. Foi proposto, a partir da técnica cirúrgica abdominoplastia reversa, um retalho cutâneo que pudesse reduzir a área exposta de uma paciente vítima de queimadura química. O resultado foi satisfatório, reduziu tempo de tratamento, cirúrgico e de internação da paciente, evidenciando uma ferramenta importante de reconstrução toracoabdominal.

Chemical burn is a challenge owing to its severity compared to thermal burns. The depth and extent of lesions in different areas of the body lead us to look for different possibilities for the best treatment of the patient. A reverse abdominoplasty surgical technique was proposed; this involves a skin flap that could reduce the exposed area of a chemical burn. The result was satisfactory, reducing the patient's treatment, surgical and hospitalization time, highlighting the proposed technique as an important tool for thoracoabdominal reconstruction.

RESUMO

Tecnologia "de vestir" chegou para mudar a forma como as pessoas veem e experimentam o mundo. Google glass é uma dessas tecnologias e foi criada pelo Google Inc. California Mountain View. Este dispositivo tem muitas possibilidades de uso, inclusive na área médica. Dentre estes usos, está a viabilidade de fornecer aos espectadores a visão do cirurgião durante a cirurgia. Cirurgias com pequeno campo operatório, como queiloplastia, devem beneficiar-se com o uso do google glass. Em nossa instituição, gravamos a primeira queiloplastia com google glass com a intenção de dar a nossa impressão dos óculos da Google Inc

Wearable technology has come to change the way people see and experience the world. Google Glass is one of these technologies created by Google Inc., Mountain View, California. This device has many uses, including in the medical field. One of these uses is the possibility of providing viewers with the surgeon's view during surgery. Surgeries with a small operative field, like cleft lip surgery, or cheiloplasty, should benefit from Google Glass. In our institution, we recorded the first cleft lip surgery using Google Glass to give our impression of the Glass.