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ABSTRACT: Since the first reports of boar castration, the anesthesia, surgery, and especially the restraint for surgical wound management of large and strong boars may be challenging. Most frequent complications include hemorrhage, excessive edema, infection, abscess, scirrhous cord, inguinal hernia, seroma, hematoma, and death. In order to diminish those complications, we hypothesized that the pre-scrotal approach would be a successful method for orchiectomy in boars and that the complication rate would be low, facilitating post-surgical handling on the commercial swine breeding farms by the owners or handlers. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe our experience performing castration in boars using a pre-scrotal approach on farm-setting. Thirty commercial-breed male boars (weighing 255-410kg) were submitted to dissociative anesthesia protocol and local anesthesia. An 8-10cm skin incision was made cranially to the hemiscrotum, and subcutaneous tissue was bluntly dissected, reaching the tunica dartos, fascia, and vaginal tunica. Mesorchium was bluntly dissected to separate, and a double size-0 transfixion ligature was placed around the spermatic cord that was sharply transected. The procedure was repeated on the contralateral testis using the same skin incision. Short-term complication was restricted to mild scrotal edema in 12 (40%) boars. No wound exudate, surgical site infection or death related to the surgery was recorded. On the long-term follow-up (≥4 months' post-surgery), all owners stated that the boar was subsequently used as intended (slaughter after the proper boar taint withdrawal time) and their satisfaction with the low degree of difficulty in handling the post-operative care. Herein, the overall complication rate was considered low, the mortality rate was zero, and the pre-scrotal castration approach was successfully performed in all boars. These features confirm the technique as a safe procedure for orchiectomy in boars. Additionally, abolishing the daily dressing of surgical wounds required in open castration techniques, especially when surgical site infection occurs, may provide better welfare for the boars.

RESUMO: Desde os primeiros relatos de castração de cachaços, a anestesia, a cirurgia, e, principalmente, a contenção para manejo de feridas cirúrgicas de cachaços grandes e fortes podem ser desafiadoras. As complicações mais frequentes incluem hemorragia, edema excessivo, infecção, abscesso, funiculite, hérnia inguinal, seroma, hematoma e morte. A fim de diminuir tais complicações, levantamos a hipótese de que a abordagem pré-escrotal seria um método bem-sucedido para orquiectomia em cachaços e que a taxa de complicações seria baixa, facilitando o manejo pós-cirúrgico pelos proprietários ou tratadores. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou descrever nossa experiência na castração de cachaços por abordagem pré-escrotal nas granjas comerciais de suínos. Trinta cachaços machos de raças comerciais (variação de peso de 255-410kg) foram submetidos ao protocolo de anestesia dissociativa e anestesia local. Uma incisão cutânea de 8 a 10cm foi feita cranialmente ao hemiscroto, e o tecido subcutâneo divulsionado de forma romba atingindo a túnica dartos, fáscia e túnica vaginal. O mesórquio foi separado por divulsão, e, uma ligadura de transfixação dupla com fio 0 realizada ao redor do cordão espermático, que foi seccionado. O procedimento foi repetido no testículo contralateral usando a mesma incisão na pele. A complicação de curto prazo foi restrita a leve edema escrotal em 12 (40%) cachaços. Nenhuma infecção incisional, exsudato ou morte relacionada à cirurgia foi registrada. No acompanhamento a longo prazo (≥4 meses pós-cirúrgico), todos os proprietários afirmaram que o cachaço foi posteriormente utilizado como pretendido (abate após o tempo adequado de retirada do odor de macho inteiro), e sua satisfação com o baixo grau de dificuldade nos cuidados pós-operatórios. Aqui, a taxa geral de complicações foi considerada baixa, a taxa de mortalidade foi zero e a castração por abordagem pré-escrotal foi realizada com sucesso em todos os cachaços. Essas características confirmam a técnica como um procedimento seguro para orquiectomia em cachaços. Além disso, a abolição do curativo diário das feridas cirúrgicas exigido nas técnicas de castração aberta, principalmente quando ocorre infecção, pode proporcionar melhor bem-estar aos cachaços.

RESUMO

This paper aims to report clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and pathological features in a case of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) affecting a 4-month-old Nelore calf for the first time. During physical examination, the calf could stand if assisted when lifting by the tail but fallen to the ground when trying to walk. Attempts to flex and extend the neck to the right side failed. Radiographs findings consisted of reduced intervertebral spaces, and misalignments between the endplates, more evident between the C3 and C4 vertebrae, resulting in narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the spinal cord. Grossly, C4 showed cranial articular surface malformation, abnormal metaphyseal growth plate development, reduced vertebral body size and deformity. Histologically, C4 showed an abnormal vertebral bone development characterized by moderate replacement of trabecular bone by fibrous tissues, multifocal areas of dystrophic hyaline cartilage development, and cartilaginous growth failure along the metaphyseal growth plate. Cervical spinal cord within the stenotic vertebral canal showed swollen neurons with central chromatolysis, areas of Wallerian degeneration, and necrotic debris. In contrast with the well-known Wobbler syndrome in horses, the etiology of CVSM in cattle remains undetermined, and further genetic and pathological studies must be conducted to elucidate it.

RESUMO

Background: Equine cutaneous habronemiasis is common in the distal regions of the limbs. Organophosphates, appliedsystemically, one previously used treatment, which is highly effective, but currently in disuse, due to the risks of intoxication. Regional perfusion is a potential technique for distal limb wounds, since, in addition to being used in low doses, itprevents systemic circulation of the drug and possible intoxication, and has a lower treatment cost. The current work aimedto perform clinical, laboratory, and venography evaluations of the use of trichlorfon in regional intravenous perfusion, asa possible form of treatment for cutaneous habronemosis in the distal region of equine limbs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve equines were used, divided into 2 groups, with the left thoracic limb (LTL) beingthe test limb, and the right thoracic limb (RTL) the control limb. At moment zero (M0), distal radiography and venographywere performed. The tourniquet was then loosened and after 5 min, at moment one (M1), the tourniquet was repositionedfor 1.25 mg/kg (G1) and 5.5 mg/kg (G2) trichlorfon injections into the left thoracic limb, diluted in 20 mL of Ringer’s lactate solution, and 20 mL of Ringer’s lactate solution was applied to the right thoracic limb. The tourniquet was maintainedfor 30 min after infusion in both groups. At moment 2 (M2), 4 days later, blood tests, radiography, and venography wererepeated. Every day between M0 and M2, physical examinations were performed, including measurement of the pastern,fetlock, and coronet band, and a lameness examination. There were no significant alterations in clinical parameters, behavior, and appetite. In the blood cell count, there was an increase in leukocytes on D4 in G2, although remaining withinthe reference values for the species. The biochemical tests showed no alterations. There were no changes in the circumferences evaluated and 4 equines from G2 presented lameness in the LTL and...

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Background: Malignant edema is one of the terms used to designate severe necrotizing syndromes in soft tissues by Clostridium spp. which are potentially fatal in farm animals. These species are responsible for myonecrosis, belonging to the group of histotoxic clostridia, and may also culminate in toxemia with the worsening of the lesions. These clostridia and their spores require a gateway such as wounds on mucous membranes or skin, which may occur due to shear, tail cut, injuries during delivery, castration or injections by contaminated needles. This report aims to describe the clinicalpathological findings of a case of malignant edema caused by Clostridium perfringens type A in an equine. Case: A female equine, undefined breed, used as traction animal, had a history of abdominal pain. According to the requisitioning veterinary, the tutor reused needles for medication. On palpation, a compact mass was noticed in the pelvic f lexure, as well as edema on the region of head and neck with crackling areas. After surgical intervention for compactation correction, the animal did not show anesthetic recovery and was submited to euthanasia. Tissue samples were collected, f ixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, routinely processed for histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gram stain. Samples of serous-sanguineous edema fluid and fragments of the abdominal muscles and neck were collected. The samples were kept under refrigeration and sent for microbiological culture. Necropsy showed the subcutaneous region of the pectoral was markedly gelatinous and yellowish (edema) and subcutaneous emphysema characterized by accumulation of serous-sanguineous fluid and gas bubbles. In microscopy, we verified fibrous-haemorrhagic...(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Malignant edema is one of the terms used to designate severe necrotizing syndromes in soft tissues by Clostridium spp. which are potentially fatal in farm animals. These species are responsible for myonecrosis, belonging to the group of histotoxic clostridia, and may also culminate in toxemia with the worsening of the lesions. These clostridia and their spores require a gateway such as wounds on mucous membranes or skin, which may occur due to shear, tail cut, injuries during delivery, castration or injections by contaminated needles. This report aims to describe the clinicalpathological findings of a case of malignant edema caused by Clostridium perfringens type A in an equine. Case: A female equine, undefined breed, used as traction animal, had a history of abdominal pain. According to the requisitioning veterinary, the tutor reused needles for medication. On palpation, a compact mass was noticed in the pelvic f lexure, as well as edema on the region of head and neck with crackling areas. After surgical intervention for compactation correction, the animal did not show anesthetic recovery and was submited to euthanasia. Tissue samples were collected, f ixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, routinely processed for histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gram stain. Samples of serous-sanguineous edema fluid and fragments of the abdominal muscles and neck were collected. The samples were kept under refrigeration and sent for microbiological culture. Necropsy showed the subcutaneous region of the pectoral was markedly gelatinous and yellowish (edema) and subcutaneous emphysema characterized by accumulation of serous-sanguineous fluid and gas bubbles. In microscopy, we verified fibrous-haemorrhagic...

Assuntos

RESUMO

O bem-estar dos animais tornou-se uma grande preocupação social e identificar os fatores que o afetam é de suma importância. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os aspectos de manejo, sanidade e comportamentais de animais utilizados em equoterapia. Para tanto foi elaborado um questionário e distribuído para diferentes centros de equoterapia no Brasil (n=127), filiados à instituição regulamentadora da atividade, a Associação Nacional de Equoterapia (ANDE-BRASIL), dos quais 27 foram respondidos. Dentre os aspectos abordados foi considerado a incidência de doenças, assistência veterinária, controle sanitário (vermifugação e vacinação), controle de entrada dos animais, incidência de cólica e aspectos comportamentais. Com isso verificou-se baixa incidência de doenças visto que 14,28% adoeceram uma vez por trimestre. Em 40,74% dos centros de equoterapia o médico veterinário realizava visitas mensais, refletindo em baixa casuística de doenças (14,81%). Notou-se um controle sanitário eficiente, visto que 85,18% dos animais eram vacinados anualmente e 70,27% vermifugados em intervalos adequados. Alguns locais funcionavam como centros equestres e a equoterapia foi uma atividade paralela. Sendo assim, é importante realizar o controle de doenças de notificação obrigatória na entrada dos animais nas propriedades por meio de exames laboratoriais. Verificou-se que em 40,74% dos centros de equoterapia realizavam o controle de doenças através de exames laboratoriais e também exigiam atestados de vacinação. Constatou-se que havia acompanhamento da saúde bucal dos animais em 74,07% dos centros de equoterapia, o que favorecia a digestão dos alimentos e fez com que os casos de cólica fossem esporádicos (59,26%). Os cascos também eram limpos e o casqueamento ocorria em intervalos adequados. Em relação ao comportamento...(AU)

The animal welfare has become a huge social concern and it is a must to identify the factors that might display some influence on it. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the aspects related to handling, sanity, and behavior of animals destined to equine-assisted therapy. A questionnaire was fashioned and distributed to various equine-assisted therapy centers (n=127), which were affiliates of ANDE-BRASIL (the institution that rules such activity, throughout Brazil). Only 27 of them answered it. Within the studied factors that were taken into consideration, we must mention the incidence of diseases, veterinary assistance, sanitary control (vermifuge and vaccines), control of animal entrance, incidence of colic and behavioural issues. Then, it was observed that there was a low incidence of disorders since 14.28% got sick once every three months. In 40.74% of the equine-assisted therapy centers, the veterinarian would pay a monthly-visit resulting in low incidence of diseases (14.81%). It was observed and efficient sanitary control, since 85.18% of animals were annually vaccined and 70.27% were vermifuged within proper intervals. Some premises worked as equestrian centers and the equine-assisted therapy was a parallel activity. It is therefore important to have control of animal entrance through obligatory notification trials. A good number of equine-assisted therapy centers presented this control by requiring examinations and vaccinations (40.74%). It was checked the oral health (74.07%) aiding the digestion of feed and reducing the cases of colic (59.26%). Hooves were cleaned and hoofing occured into proper intervals. As for behavior analysis...(AU)

El bienestar de los animales se ha convertido en una gran preocupación social y es una necesidad identificar los factores que pueden mostrar alguna influencia sobre él. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar los aspectos relacionados con el manejo, la cordura y el comportamiento de los animales destinados a la terapia asistida por caballos. Se elaboró un cuestionario y se distribuyó a varios centros de terapia asistida por caballos (n = 127), que eran afiliados de ANDE-BRASIL (la institución que gobierna dicha actividad en todo Brasil). Solo 27 de ellos lo respondieron. Dentro de los factores estudiados que se tomaron en consideración, debemos mencionar la incidencia de enfermedades, asistencia veterinaria, control sanitario (vermífugo y vacunas), control de entrada de animales, incidencia de cólicos y problemas de comportamiento. Luego, se observó que había una baja incidencia de trastornos ya que el 14.28% se enfermó una vez cada tres meses. En el 40.74% de los centros de terapia asistida por caballos, el veterinario realizaba visitas mensuales reflejando en una baja incidencia de enfermedades (14.81%). Se observó un control sanitario eficiente, ya que el 85.18% de los animales fueron vacunados anualmente y 70.27% fueron vermifugados a intervalos adecuados. Algunas instalaciones funcionaban como centros ecuestres y la terapia asistida por caballos era una actividad paralela. Por lo tanto, es importante tener el control de la entrada de los animales a través de exámenes de notificación obligatorios. Un buen número de centros de terapia asistida por caballos presentaron este control al requerir exámenes y vacunas (40.74%). Se verificó la salud bucal (74.07%) ayudando a la digestión de los alimentos y reduciendo los casos de cólicos (59.26%).Se limpiaron las pezuñas y se practicaron las pezuñas en intervalos apropiados. En cuanto al análisis del comportamiento...(AU)

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Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome (WFFS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1) gene, associated with collagen biosynthesis. WFFS causes lesions and malformations of the skin in neonatal foals, and abortion. The objective of this study was to investigate the allelic frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.2032G>A in the PLOD1 gene in warmblood samples from Brazil. Of the 374 Warmblood horses tested, 41 animals (11%) were identified as heterozygous for the WFFS SNP and 333 (89%) were homozygous for the wild-type allele (N/N), and therefore, the allele frequency was 5.5%. This study highlights the importance of control measures to prevent an increase in the incidence of WFFS in Warmblood horses worldwide.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O bem-estar dos animais tornou-se uma grande preocupação social e identificar os fatores que o afetam é de suma importância. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os aspectos de manejo, sanidade e comportamentais de animais utilizados em equoterapia. Para tanto foi elaborado um questionário e distribuído para diferentes centros de equoterapia no Brasil (n=127), filiados à instituição regulamentadora da atividade, a Associação Nacional de Equoterapia (ANDE-BRASIL), dos quais 27 foram respondidos. Dentre os aspectos abordados foi considerado a incidência de doenças, assistência veterinária, controle sanitário (vermifugação e vacinação), controle de entrada dos animais, incidência de cólica e aspectos comportamentais. Com isso verificou-se baixa incidência de doenças visto que 14,28% adoeceram uma vez por trimestre. Em 40,74% dos centros de equoterapia o médico veterinário realizava visitas mensais, refletindo em baixa casuística de doenças (14,81%). Notou-se um controle sanitário eficiente, visto que 85,18% dos animais eram vacinados anualmente e 70,27% vermifugados em intervalos adequados. Alguns locais funcionavam como centros equestres e a equoterapia foi uma atividade paralela. Sendo assim, é importante realizar o controle de doenças de notificação obrigatória na entrada dos animais nas propriedades por meio de exames laboratoriais. Verificou-se que em 40,74% dos centros de equoterapia realizavam o controle de doenças através de exames laboratoriais e também exigiam atestados de vacinação. Constatou-se que havia acompanhamento da saúde bucal dos animais em 74,07% dos centros de equoterapia, o que favorecia a digestão dos alimentos e fez com que os casos de cólica fossem esporádicos (59,26%). Os cascos também eram limpos e o casqueamento ocorria em intervalos adequados. Em relação ao comportamento...

The animal welfare has become a huge social concern and it is a must to identify the factors that might display some influence on it. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the aspects related to handling, sanity, and behavior of animals destined to equine-assisted therapy. A questionnaire was fashioned and distributed to various equine-assisted therapy centers (n=127), which were affiliates of ANDE-BRASIL (the institution that rules such activity, throughout Brazil). Only 27 of them answered it. Within the studied factors that were taken into consideration, we must mention the incidence of diseases, veterinary assistance, sanitary control (vermifuge and vaccines), control of animal entrance, incidence of colic and behavioural issues. Then, it was observed that there was a low incidence of disorders since 14.28% got sick once every three months. In 40.74% of the equine-assisted therapy centers, the veterinarian would pay a monthly-visit resulting in low incidence of diseases (14.81%). It was observed and efficient sanitary control, since 85.18% of animals were annually vaccined and 70.27% were vermifuged within proper intervals. Some premises worked as equestrian centers and the equine-assisted therapy was a parallel activity. It is therefore important to have control of animal entrance through obligatory notification trials. A good number of equine-assisted therapy centers presented this control by requiring examinations and vaccinations (40.74%). It was checked the oral health (74.07%) aiding the digestion of feed and reducing the cases of colic (59.26%). Hooves were cleaned and hoofing occured into proper intervals. As for behavior analysis...

El bienestar de los animales se ha convertido en una gran preocupación social y es una necesidad identificar los factores que pueden mostrar alguna influencia sobre él. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar los aspectos relacionados con el manejo, la cordura y el comportamiento de los animales destinados a la terapia asistida por caballos. Se elaboró un cuestionario y se distribuyó a varios centros de terapia asistida por caballos (n = 127), que eran afiliados de ANDE-BRASIL (la institución que gobierna dicha actividad en todo Brasil). Solo 27 de ellos lo respondieron. Dentro de los factores estudiados que se tomaron en consideración, debemos mencionar la incidencia de enfermedades, asistencia veterinaria, control sanitario (vermífugo y vacunas), control de entrada de animales, incidencia de cólicos y problemas de comportamiento. Luego, se observó que había una baja incidencia de trastornos ya que el 14.28% se enfermó una vez cada tres meses. En el 40.74% de los centros de terapia asistida por caballos, el veterinario realizaba visitas mensuales reflejando en una baja incidencia de enfermedades (14.81%). Se observó un control sanitario eficiente, ya que el 85.18% de los animales fueron vacunados anualmente y 70.27% fueron vermifugados a intervalos adecuados. Algunas instalaciones funcionaban como centros ecuestres y la terapia asistida por caballos era una actividad paralela. Por lo tanto, es importante tener el control de la entrada de los animales a través de exámenes de notificación obligatorios. Un buen número de centros de terapia asistida por caballos presentaron este control al requerir exámenes y vacunas (40.74%). Se verificó la salud bucal (74.07%) ayudando a la digestión de los alimentos y reduciendo los casos de cólicos (59.26%).Se limpiaron las pezuñas y se practicaron las pezuñas en intervalos apropiados. En cuanto al análisis del comportamiento...

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RESUMO

O presente trabalho foi realizado em 15 Centros de Equoterapia da América do Sul, totalizando 46 animais, entre machos e fêmeas, com idade variando entre 4 e 25 anos. Teve como objetivo determinar a frequência cardíaca de cavalos durante a atividade de equoterapia como auxiliar na avaliação do estresse a que o animal era submetido. A FC foi aferida em repouso, na baia (TO), após encilhamento (T1), ao final de cada sessão de equoterapia (T2 a T6) e após a última sessão (Tf). Cada sessão de equoterapia teve a duração média de 30 minutos. Também foram colhidas informações sobre o manejo, alimentação, descanso, temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar por meio de questionárioelaborado para esse fim.As médias (± desvio padrão) dos valores da FC em TOvariaram de 36,3±4,69; em T1 37,4±4,38; em T2 39,3±6,31; em T3 38,9±6,49; em T4 39,1 ±5; em T5 38,9±5,86; em T6 39,7±6,62 e em Tf 39,5±5,62. Com base nos resultados obtidos podemos inferir que o trabalho de equoterapia realizado pelos cavalos pode ser classificado como leve pois mesmo ocorrendo variação (10%) entre os tempos aferidos, os valores permaneceram dentro dos padrões de referência (repouso) para espécie.

The present work was carried out in 15 Equine Therapy Centers of South America, totalizing 46 animais, between males and females, with ages varying between 4 and 25 years. The objective of this study was to determine the heart rate of horses during equine therapy as an aid in evaluating the stress to which the animal is subjected. The HR was measured at rest, in the bay (TO), after enciliation (T1), at the end of each session of equine therapy (T2 to T6) and after the last session (Tf). Each session of equine therapy had an average duration of 30 minutes. Information on management, feeding, rest, ambient temperature and relative humidity was also collected through a questionnaire developed for this purpose. The means (± standard deviation) of HR values at TO ranged from 36.3 ± 4.69; in T1 37.4 ± 4.38; in T2 39.3 ± 6.31; in T3 38.9 ± 6.49; in T4 39.1 ± 5; in T5 38.9 ± 5.86; in T6 39.7 ± 6.62 and in Tf 39.5 ± 5.62. Based on the results obtained, we can infer that the equine work performed by the horses can be classified as light because even though variation (10%) occurs between the times measured, the values remained within the reference standards (rest) for the species.

El trabajo fue realizado en 15 centros de equinoterapia de América del Sur, con un total de 46 animales, entre machos y hembras, con edad entre 4 y 25 anos. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia cardiáca(FC) de caballos mientras ejecutaban la actividad de equinoterapia como auxiliar en la evaluación del estrés al qual el animal es sumetido. La frecuencia cardiáca fue evaluada de tal manera en reposo, en el establo (TO), Después de la flexión (T1), Al final de cadasesión de equinoterapia (T2 a T6), Después de la última sesión (TF). Cada sesión de equinoterapia tuvo la duración média de 30 minutos. También se recogieron informaciones referentes al manejo, alimentación, descanso, temperatura ambiente y humedad del aire, por medio de uncuestionário elaborado para esa finalidad. Los valores medios de la FC (±desviación estándar) variaron, en TO de 36,3 ±4,69; T1 de 37,4 ± 4,38; T2 de 39,3±6,31; T3 de 38,9 ± 6,49; T4 de 39,1 ± 5,00; T5 de 38,9 ± 5,86; T6 de 39,7 ± 6,62; TF de 39,5 ± 5,62. Con base en los resultados obtenidos concluimos que el trabajo de equinoterapia realizado por los caballos pueden ser clasificados como sueves, pues, incluso sufriendo variaciones de unos 10% entre los tiempos evaluados, los valores permanecieron dientro de los patrones de referencia (reposo) para la especie.

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O presente trabalho foi realizado em 15 Centros de Equoterapia da América do Sul, totalizando 46 animais, entre machos e fêmeas, com idade variando entre 4 e 25 anos. Teve como objetivo determinar a frequência cardíaca de cavalos durante a atividade de equoterapia como auxiliar na avaliação do estresse a que o animal era submetido. A FC foi aferida em repouso, na baia (TO), após encilhamento (T1), ao final de cada sessão de equoterapia (T2 a T6) e após a última sessão (Tf). Cada sessão de equoterapia teve a duração média de 30 minutos. Também foram colhidas informações sobre o manejo, alimentação, descanso, temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar por meio de questionárioelaborado para esse fim.As médias (± desvio padrão) dos valores da FC em TOvariaram de 36,3±4,69; em T1 37,4±4,38; em T2 39,3±6,31; em T3 38,9±6,49; em T4 39,1 ±5; em T5 38,9±5,86; em T6 39,7±6,62 e em Tf 39,5±5,62. Com base nos resultados obtidos podemos inferir que o trabalho de equoterapia realizado pelos cavalos pode ser classificado como leve pois mesmo ocorrendo variação (10%) entre os tempos aferidos, os valores permaneceram dentro dos padrões de referência (repouso) para espécie.(AU)

The present work was carried out in 15 Equine Therapy Centers of South America, totalizing 46 animais, between males and females, with ages varying between 4 and 25 years. The objective of this study was to determine the heart rate of horses during equine therapy as an aid in evaluating the stress to which the animal is subjected. The HR was measured at rest, in the bay (TO), after enciliation (T1), at the end of each session of equine therapy (T2 to T6) and after the last session (Tf). Each session of equine therapy had an average duration of 30 minutes. Information on management, feeding, rest, ambient temperature and relative humidity was also collected through a questionnaire developed for this purpose. The means (± standard deviation) of HR values at TO ranged from 36.3 ± 4.69; in T1 37.4 ± 4.38; in T2 39.3 ± 6.31; in T3 38.9 ± 6.49; in T4 39.1 ± 5; in T5 38.9 ± 5.86; in T6 39.7 ± 6.62 and in Tf 39.5 ± 5.62. Based on the results obtained, we can infer that the equine work performed by the horses can be classified as light because even though variation (10%) occurs between the times measured, the values remained within the reference standards (rest) for the species.(AU)

El trabajo fue realizado en 15 centros de equinoterapia de América del Sur, con un total de 46 animales, entre machos y hembras, con edad entre 4 y 25 anos. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia cardiáca(FC) de caballos mientras ejecutaban la actividad de equinoterapia como auxiliar en la evaluación del estrés al qual el animal es sumetido. La frecuencia cardiáca fue evaluada de tal manera en reposo, en el establo (TO), Después de la flexión (T1), Al final de cadasesión de equinoterapia (T2 a T6), Después de la última sesión (TF). Cada sesión de equinoterapia tuvo la duración média de 30 minutos. También se recogieron informaciones referentes al manejo, alimentación, descanso, temperatura ambiente y humedad del aire, por medio de uncuestionário elaborado para esa finalidad. Los valores medios de la FC (±desviación estándar) variaron, en TO de 36,3 ±4,69; T1 de 37,4 ± 4,38; T2 de 39,3±6,31; T3 de 38,9 ± 6,49; T4 de 39,1 ± 5,00; T5 de 38,9 ± 5,86; T6 de 39,7 ± 6,62; TF de 39,5 ± 5,62. Con base en los resultados obtenidos concluimos que el trabajo de equinoterapia realizado por los caballos pueden ser clasificados como sueves, pues, incluso sufriendo variaciones de unos 10% entre los tiempos evaluados, los valores permanecieron dientro de los patrones de referencia (reposo) para la especie.(AU)

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