RESUMO
Moxalactam, a new parenteral 1-oxa-beta-lactam antibiotics, is highly effective in vitro against gram-negative enteric bacilli, including isolated from neonates with meningitis. Studies with moxalactam in experimental coliform meningitis demonstrated favorable penetration, bioavailability, and antibacterial activity in CSF. The potential value of moxalactam for therapy of gram-negative enteric meningitis of infancy prompted this study. Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam were determined in 74 infants and serum concentration-time curves were characterized bay the two-compartment open-system kinetic model. The mean peak serum concentration at the end of 50 mg/kg, ten-minute infusions was approximately 125 micrograms/ml. Elimination half-life values correlated inversely with gestational and chronologic age. The mean half-lives were 6.2 hours in neonates less than one week of age, 4.4 hours in those one to 4 weeks, and 1.6 hours in infants one to 24 months of age. A mean CSF penetration of 30% was demonstrated after repeated doses of moxalactam in 11 infants with coliform meningitis. Thirteen neonates and two infants with gram-negative enteric bacillary infections were successfully treated with this agent. the drug was well tolerated and adverse effects were not observed. Moxalactam will be evaluated in a prospective, controlled study of gram-negative enteric meningitis by the Neonatal Meningitis Cooperative Study Group.
Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Cefalosporinas/metabolismo , Cefamicinas/metabolismo , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Encefálico/tratamento farmacológico , Cefamicinas/farmacologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Infusões Parenterais , Injeções Intramusculares , Cinética , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Meningite/tratamento farmacológico , Moxalactam , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológico , Serratia marcescens/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Cefalexina/metabolismo , Alimentos , Adolescente , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cápsulas , Cefalexina/administração & dosagem , Cefalexina/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Jejum , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Suspensões , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The pharmacokinetic properties of methicillin were investigated in 59 newborn infants. Concentrations of methicillin in serum were approximately 58 and 80 microng/ml at one hour after 25 and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. The average serum half-life values ranged from one to three hours and were inversely correlated with birth weight and chronologic age. The half-life values, volumes of distribution, and plasma clearances of methicillin are shown in relationship to gestational age and chronologic age. A dosage of 25 mg/kg is recommended for therapy of most neonatal staphylococcal diseases; the frequency of administration is altered on the basis of birth weight and chronologic age.