RESUMO
El propósito de este estudio fue realizar una adaptación inicial a la población chilena del Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), instrumento diseñado para conocer la autopercepción de la calidad de vida que informan las personas con disfagia orofaríngea.La adaptación se realizó mediante el proceso de traducción y retrotraducción y se obtuvo una versión final del cuestionario a través del consenso de expertos.Posteriormente, el cuestionario se aplicó a diez personas con disfagia a consecuencia de un accidente cerebrovascular. Los resultados evidenciaron que la adaptación del instrumento puede ser considerada adecuada. Los valores de consistencia interna para todas las escalas son buenos, con coeficientes de α de Cronbach entre 0.71 y 0.90. Los pacientes con disfagia reportaron una percepción disminuida de su calidad de vida, los puntajes más bajos se presentaron en duración de la alimentación (47.00 ± 9.90) y salud mental (48.00 ± 17.78). La versión adaptada del SWAL-QOL que se presenta es de fácil aplicación en la práctica clínica y entrega información valiosa acerca de la autopercepción de la calidad de vida de las personas con disfagia
The purpose of this study was to carry out an initial adaptation to the Chilean population of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) instrument designed to know the perception of quality of life in persons with oropharyngeal dysphagia.The adaptation of the instrument was carried out via translation and back-translations, which resulted in a final version of the questionnaire through consensus of experts. It was applied to ten people with dysphagia due to stroke.The adaptation of the instrument was considered appropriate and values of internal consistency for all scales were adequate, with coefficients α Cronbach ranging between 0.71 and 0.90. Dysphagia patients reported a decrease in their perception of quality of life, with the lowest scores observed for feeding duration (47.00 ± 9.90) and mental health (48.00 ± 17.78).The present study presents an adapted version of the SWAL-QOL, which is easy to apply in clinical practice
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos de Deglutição/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Autoimagem , Traduções , ChileRESUMO
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence, intensity, polyparasitism and co-infections in 425 children from 3 schools of Laguna de Perlas (Nicaragua) were investigated. Single stool samples were analysed by the formalin-ether method and the Kato-Katz. A total of 402 (94.6%) children were infected. Trichuris trichiura 308 (72.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides 115 (27.1%) and Hookworms 54 (12.7%) were the most prevalent STHs. Polyparasitism (322; 75.8%) with two species was most prevalent (109; 25.6%). T. trichiura with A. lumbricoides (19.3%) and T. trichiura with Hookworm (6.8%) were the most common combinations. Positive associations were observed between T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura and Hookworm (p = 0.0001). Highest Hookworm intensities appeared when three STH co-infections occurred. Moderate- heavy STH intensities appear in up to 42.1% in trichuriasis, 57.5% in ascariasis and 11.1% in Hookworm infections. Integrated control interventions covering children need to be implemented mainly in a rural environment.
Assuntos
Ancylostomatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Ascaris lumbricoides/isolamento & purificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Solo/parasitologia , Trichuris/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Animais , Ascaríase/epidemiologia , Ascaríase/parasitologia , Criança , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Feminino , Helmintíase/diagnóstico , Helmintíase/parasitologia , Infecções por Uncinaria/epidemiologia , Infecções por Uncinaria/parasitologia , Humanos , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Tricuríase/epidemiologia , Tricuríase/parasitologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Synapses loss during aging is associated to neurophysiologic alterations that impair organism's health span, thus making the study and prevention of sensory decline relevant for healthy aging and welfare. Therefore the aim of this study was to obtain normative data related to the electrophysiological responses of the different neurosensory components in the visual, auditory and somatosensory pathways in healthy geriatric rhesus monkeys in captivity. METHODS: Twenty-four rhesus monkeys were divided in two groups: (i) Geriatric monkeys, 20-30 years of age, and (ii) Young monkeys, 7 years of age. Evoked potentials were obtained from the visual, auditory and somatosensory pathways. RESULTS: Regardless the sensory pathways evaluated, a significant delay in nerve conduction was observed in the geriatric group in comparison to the young group. CONCLUSIONS: Evoked potentials allowed identifying changes generated during aging in rhesus monkeys and normative data for this species were obtained.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Vias Auditivas/fisiologia , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Distúrbios Somatossensoriais/veterinária , Vias Visuais/fisiologia , Animais , Condutividade Elétrica , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos do Tronco Encefálico , Potenciais Somatossensoriais Evocados , Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Feminino , Masculino , Condução Nervosa/fisiologia , Distúrbios Somatossensoriais/fisiopatologia , Nervo Tibial/fisiologiaRESUMO
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a prevalent pathology. It has been noticed that patients tend to have longer stays in the hospital and one of the factors that causes it corresponds to bad metabolic control. AIM:To assess prevalence and different variables related to an erroneous metabolic control and a longer hospital stay. PATIENTS AND METHODS:It is a cross-sectional study on diabetics patients hospitalized at the Internal Medicine service in the Hospital of city of Quilpué, for a period of two months, quantifying epidemiologic data, days of hospital stay and metabolic control. A statistical multivariate correlative study was carried. RESULTS: Patient prevalence with DM was 13.15% (n = 35/266), all of them were type 2 (DM), being the 91.4% (n = 32) hypertensive, 97.1% (n = 34) older than 40 years old, 62.9% (n = 22) with HbA1c ≥ 7%, 17,1% (n = 6) had a bad metabolic control and an average of 22,8 (rank = 6-136) days of hospital stay versus 12,1 days without DM. An association was observed between inadequate previous metabolic control and "bad metabolic hospital control" (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Prevalence of DM patients in the hospital was lower than other centers of the region. A statistical association between bad metabolic chronic control with bad metabolic hospital control was found. No associations between bad hospital control and long stays were observed, a possible reason might be the biased values of glycemia's records and different handling of these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Análise Multivariada , Controle Glicêmico , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
The first kidney transplantation (KT) in Uruguay was performed in 1969. We report the rates of KT and survival of patients and grafts up to December 2014. The country has a surface of 176,215 km(2) and a population of 3,286,314 inhabitants (18.6 inhabitants per km(2)). Till December 31, 2014, 1,940 KT have been performed in Uruguay (41.8 pmp that year); 90.4% of them were from cadaveric donors (CD). Median age of recipients (R) was 44 ± 14 years; R older than 55 years increased from 0 to 27% during the period. Our pre-emptive KT program started in 2007. Optimal donors (D) decreased from 65.2% to 35.5%, and D older than 45 years old increased from 9% to 37%. Trauma as cause of death decreased from 49% to 32% and stroke as cause of death increased from 25% to 39%. Patient survival rates at 1, 5, and 8 years were 93%, 87%, and 78%, respectively for KT performed between 1980 and 1989; they were 98%, 93%, and 89%, respectively, for KT performed between 1990 and1999; they were 97%, 91%, and 90%, respectively, for KT performed between 2000 and 2010. In December 2013, there were 1098 patients pmp in renal replacement therapy, 758 pmp in dialysis, and 340 pmp (30.9%) with a functioning graft. Our national KT program is mainly based (90.6%) on cadaveric donation. Epidemiological changes in the characteristics of R and D followed the changes in aging that occurred in the general population and the dialysis population. The survival rates from patients and kidneys are similar to those reported by the European and the American registries.
Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Transplante de Rim/estatística & dados numéricos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/organização & administração , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia de Substituição Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Uruguai/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Transfusão de Sangue , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Adulto , Alelos , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas/métodos , Brasil , DNA/sangue , DNA/genética , Primers do DNA , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Padrões de Referência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Home mechanical ventilation is currently expanding in Chile, but its application along the country is hindered by financial and geographical reasons. In 2006 the San José Hospital in Santiago de Chile developed a non-invasive ventilation (NIV) center as a strategy to overcome the limitations of ventilator availability from public resources. Since then, this center provides intermittent diurnal sessions of NIV to patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. In 2013, a collaboratory work between the Chilean doctors, the German Interdisciplinary Society of Home Mechanical Ventilation (DIGAB = Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Gesellschaft für Außerklinische Beatmung) and the German non-invasive (NIV) home care provider "Heinen und Löwenstein" organized a donation of 100 second-hand ventilators (BiPAP Synchrony; Respironics, USA) including masks and tubing systems, which were provided by Heinen und Löwenstein. The ventilator devices arrived in Santiago in January 2014. Since then, the following initiatives have been launched: 1) the establishment of a domiciliary mechanical ventilation program independent of governmental founding, 2) NIV setting-titration, 3) renewal of ventilators at the hospital's intermittent NIV unit. Future goals are the establishment of a rehabilitation unit with concomitant NIV therapy and a clinical research program. Therefore, the German donation of ventilators and equipment has a reported impact on the development of NIV in Chile.
Assuntos
Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Cooperação Internacional , Pneumologia/organização & administração , Insuficiência Respiratória/enfermagem , Insuficiência Respiratória/reabilitação , Ventiladores Mecânicos , Chile , Alemanha , Doações , Humanos , Relações InterinstitucionaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among children in Department of Rio San Juan (Nicaragua), to explore the extent of polyparasitism, and to identify the risk factors that might favour transmission of these parasites. METHODS: A coprological study of single stool specimen, collected at random from 382 children (167 boys and 215 girls) aged 2-15 years from two municipalities, and a questionnaire, concerning demographic and epidemiological data on sanitary and behavioural habits, was filled in to identify risk factors. RESULTS: About 93% of the children presented infection. Blastocystis hominis, the most frequently protozoa, and Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm, the most prevalent helminths. Polyparasitism (85.4%[326/382]), with the highest percentages detected in females (p=0.001), in the 6-11 year age group (p<0.001) and having a rural background (p<0.001). A firm relationship between any parasite and age (OR=1.2, p=0.036) and rural background (OR=0.3, p=0.027) was detected. Living in rural areas and drinking river water were also positively associated with each of the STH species detected, and walking barefoot was also associated with hookworm infection. CONCLUSIONS: Government efforts should be focused on controlling the risk factors associated with these enteroparasites, with health education programmes in rural areas of Nicaragua.
Assuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Ancylostomatoidea/parasitologia , Animais , Ascaris lumbricoides/parasitologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nicarágua/epidemiologia , Parasitos/classificação , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Saneamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Trichuris/parasitologia , Abastecimento de Água/normasRESUMO
O processo inflamatório é o elo entre a síndrome metabólica e as doenças cardiovasculares. Para verificar a presença e o grau da inflamação, vários biomarcadores têm sido propostos e investigados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as recentes pesquisas que associam alguns marcadores expressos no tecido adiposo, enfatizando, dentre eles, a adiponectina, a resistina, a leptina e o transportador de glicose GLUT-4 na síndrome metabólica, a relação da inflamação decorrente desse conjunto de desordens metabólicas sob os receptores proliferadores peroxissomais (PPARs), bem como o efeito de diferentes extratos vegetais e produtos naturais bioativos na ativação desses receptores.
The inflammatory process is the link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. To verify the presence and degree of inflammation, several biomarkers have been proposed and different receptors have been investigated. This study aims to review recent researches involving some markers expressed in the adipose tissue, emphasizing, among them, adiponectin, resistin, leptin and glucose transporter GLUT-4 in the metabolic syndrome, the relationship of inflammation arising from this set of metabolic disorders on the peroxisome proliferator receptors (PPARs) and the effect of different bioactive compounds in the activation of these receptors.