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Fusarium wilt of bananas (FWB) is a severe plant disease that leads to substantial losses in banana production worldwide. It remains a major concern for Cuban banana cultivation. The disease is caused by members of the soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum species complex. However, the genetic diversity among Fusarium species infecting bananas in Cuba has remained largely unexplored. In our comprehensive survey, we examined symptomatic banana plants across all production zones in the country, collecting 170 Fusarium isolates. Leveraging genotyping-by-sequencing and whole-genome comparisons, we investigated the genetic diversity within these isolates and compared it with a global Fusarium panel. Notably, typical FWB symptoms were observed in Bluggoe cooking bananas and Pisang Awak subgroups across 14 provinces. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. purpurascens, F. phialophorum, and F. tardichlamydosporum are responsible for FWB in Cuba, with F. tardichlamydosporum dominating the population. Furthermore, we identified between five and seven distinct genetic clusters, with F. tardichlamydosporum isolates forming at least two subgroups. This finding underscores the high genetic diversity of Fusarium spp. contributing to FWB in the Americas. Our study sheds light on the population genetic structure and diversity of the FWB pathogen in Cuba and the broader Latin American and Caribbean regions.

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Given the current environmental crisis, biodiversity protection is one of the most urgent socio-environmental priorities. However, the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), the primary strategy for safeguarding ecosystems, is challenged by global climate change (GCC), with evidence showing that species are shifting their distributions into new areas, causing novel species assemblages. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate PAs' present and future effectiveness for biodiversity under the GCC. Here, we analyzed changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants associated with the Neotropical seasonally dry forest (NSDF) under GCC scenarios. We modeled the climatic niche of over 1000 plant species in five representative families (in terms of abundance, dominance, and endemism) of the NSDF. We predicted their potential distributions in the present and future years (2040, 2060, and 2080) based on an intermediate scenario of shared socio-economic pathways (SSP 3.70), allowing species to disperse to new sites or constrained to the current distribution. Then, we tested if the current PAs network represents the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities. Our results suggest that GCC could promote novel species assemblages with local responses (communities' modifications) across the biome. In general, models predicted losses in the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities of all the five plant families analyzed across the distribution of the NSDF. However, in the northern floristic groups (i.e., Antilles and Mesoamerica) of the NSDF, taxonomic and PD will be stable in GCC projections. In contrast, across the NSDF in South America, some cores will lose diversity while others will gain diversity under GCC scenarios. PAs in some NSDF regions appeared insufficient to protect the NSDF diversity. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess how the PA system could be better reconfigured to warrant the protection of the NSDF.

Dada la actual crisis ambiental, la protección de la biodiversidad se presenta como una de las prioridades socio ambientales más urgentes. Sin embargo, la efectividad de las áreas protegidas (AP), la estrategia principal para salvaguardar los ecosistemas, se ve desafiada por el cambio climático global (CCG), con evidencia que muestra que las especies están desplazando sus distribuciones hacia nuevas áreas, provocando conjuntos de especies novedosos. Por lo tanto, es necesario evaluar la efectividad actual y futura de las AP para la biodiversidad bajo el CCG. En este contexto, analizamos cambios en los patrones espacio­temporales de diversidad taxonómica y filogenética de plantas asociadas al bosque estacionalmente seco neotropical (BES) bajo escenarios de CCG. Modelamos el nicho climático de más de 1,000 especies de plantas en cinco familias representativas (en términos de abundancia, dominancia y endemismo) del BES. Pronosticamos sus distribuciones potenciales en los años actuales y futuros (2040, 2060 y 2080) basándonos en un escenario intermedio de trayectorias socioeconómicas compartidas (SSP 3.70), permitiendo que las especies se dispersen a nuevos sitios o estén limitadas a la distribución actual. Luego, evaluamos si la red actual de AP representa las diversidades taxonómicas y filogenéticas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el CCG podría promover conjuntos de especies novedosos con respuestas locales (modificaciones en las comunidades) en todo el bioma. En general, los modelos pronosticaron pérdidas en las diversidades taxonómicas y filogenéticas de las cinco familias de plantas analizadas en la distribución del BES. Sin embargo, en los grupos florísticos del norte (es decir, Antillas y Mesoamérica) del BSDN, la diversidad taxonómica y filogenética se mantendrá estable en las proyecciones de CCG. En cambio, en toda la región del BES en América del Sur, algunos núcleos perderán diversidad mientras que otros ganarán diversidad bajo escenarios de CCG. Algunas AP en regiones del BES parecen ser insuficientes para proteger la diversidad del bioma. Por lo tanto, es urgente evaluar cómo se podría reconfigurar mejor el sistema de AP para garantizar la protección del BES.

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BACKGROUND: Trunk inclination from semirecumbent head-upright to supine-flat positioning reduces driving pressure and increases respiratory system compliance in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These effects are associated with an improved ventilatory ratio and reduction in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). However, these physiological effects have not been completely studied, and their mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a change in trunk inclination from semirecumbent (45°) to supine-flat (10°) on physiological dead space and ventilation distribution in different lung regions. RESULTS: Twenty-two ARDS patients on pressure-controlled ventilation underwent three 60-min steps in which trunk inclination was changed from 45° (baseline) to 10° (intervention) and back to 45° (control) in the last step. Tunk inclination from a semirecumbent (45°) to a supine-flat (10°) position resulted in a higher tidal volume [371 (± 76) vs. 433 (± 84) mL (P < 0.001)] and respiratory system compliance [34 (± 10) to 41 (± 12) mL/cmH2O (P < 0.001)]. The CO2 exhaled per minute improved from 191 mL/min (± 34) to 227 mL/min (± 38) (P < 0.001). Accordingly, Bohr's dead space ratio decreased from 0.49 (± 0.07) to 0.41 (± 0.06) (p < 0.001), and PaCO2 decreased from 43 (± 5) to 36 (± 4) mmHg (p < 0.001). In addition, the impedance ratio, which divides the ventilation activity of the ventral region by the dorsal region ventilation activity in tidal images, dropped from 1.27 (0.83-1.78) to 0.86 (0.51-1.33) (p < 0.001). These results, calculated from functional EIT images, indicated further ventilation activity in the dorsal lung regions. These effects rapidly reversed once the patient was repositioned at 45°. CONCLUSIONS: A change in trunk inclination from a semirecumbent (45 degrees) to a supine-flat position (10 degrees) improved Bohr's dead space ratio and reduced PaCO2 in patients with ARDS. This effect is associated with an increase in tidal volume and respiratory system compliance, along with further favourable impedance ventilation distribution toward the dorsal lung regions. This study highlights the importance of considering trunk inclination as a modifiable determinant of physiological parameters. The angle of trunk inclination is essential information that must be reported in ARDS patients.

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Totally implanted central venous port systems are widely used to access central veins for patients needing long-term therapy. These devices have low rates of complications and are commonly used to administer medications like chemotherapeutic agents. Spontaneous rupture of a catheter segment is a rare mechanical complication, usually belatedly diagnosed and presenting with complications. We present a case of a spontaneously ruptured chemotherapy catheter diagnosed using a novel approach via oblique projections on chest X-rays and successfully removed using an endovascular approach.

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Este artículo es producto de una investigación desarrollada en el municipio de Maicao, departamento de La Guajira, zona fronteriza colombo-venezolana. Se ha considerado de interés académico analizar su capacidad institucional para responder demandas de servicios fundamentales, sector educación y salud en crisis migratoria. Por primera vez, se estudia este caso con enfoque constructivista, caracterizando su capacidad fiscal, técnica y política; aplicando técnicas de observación y entrevistas semiestructuradas para analizar desde la perspectiva de administradores del nivel superior, medio y operativo su función. Resultados confirman oportunidades de mejorar continuamente para superar históricos problemas socioeconómicos, políticos y ambientales de este territorio multicultural y pluriétnico; incrementar presupuesto; desarrollar procesos permeados por el espíritu de la calidad e integridad; tener relaciones sociales efectivas; afrontar la llegada masiva de migrantes. Eventualmente resulta más complejo porque debe atender población habitual, connacionales y ciudadanos venezolanos que llegan huyendo del conflicto en su país. Se constituye un desafío diseñar e implementar innovadoras estrategias para su solvencia, estabilidad y productividad; realizar procesos de transferencia y gestión de tecnología en interacción con grupos de interés o stakeholders internos y externos.

This article is the product of an investigation carried out in the municipality of Maicao, department of La Guajira, Colombian-Venezuelan border area. It has been considered of academic interest to analyze its institutional capacity to respond to demands for fundamental services, education and health sector in migration crisis. For the first time, this case is studied with a constructivist approach, characterizing its fiscal, technical and political capacity; applying observation techniques and semi-structured interviews to analyze their function from the perspective of administrators of the upper, middle and operational levels. Results confirm opportunities for continuous improvement to overcome historical socioeconomic, political and environmental problems of this multicultural and multiethnic territory; increase budget; develop processes permeated by the spirit of quality and integrity; have effective social relationships; cope with the massive influx of migrants. It eventually becomes more complex because it must attend to the regular population, fellow nationals and Venezuelan citizens who arrive fleeing the conflict in their country. It is a challenge to design and implement innovative strategies for its solvency, stability and productivity; carry out technology transfer and management processes in interaction with interest groups or internal and external stakeholders.

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The resolution of fluorescence microscopy images is limited by the physical properties of light. In the last decade, numerous super-resolution microscopy (SRM) approaches have been proposed to deal with such hindrance. Here we present Mean-Shift Super Resolution (MSSR), a new SRM algorithm based on the Mean Shift theory, which extends spatial resolution of single fluorescence images beyond the diffraction limit of light. MSSR works on low and high fluorophore densities, is not limited by the architecture of the optical setup and is applicable to single images as well as temporal series. The theoretical limit of spatial resolution, based on optimized real-world imaging conditions and analysis of temporal image stacks, has been measured to be 40 nm. Furthermore, MSSR has denoising capabilities that outperform other SRM approaches. Along with its wide accessibility, MSSR is a powerful, flexible, and generic tool for multidimensional and live cell imaging applications.

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Trace mineral minerals Zn, Cu, and Mn play important roles in breeder production and progeny performance. The objective of this study was to determine maternal supplementation of trace mineral minerals on breeder production and progeny growth and development. A total of 540 broiler breeders, Cobb 500 (Slow feathering; 0-66 weeks old) were assigned to one of three treatment groups with the same basal diet and three different supplemental trace minerals: ITM-inorganic trace minerals in sulfates: 100, 16, and 100 ppm of Zn, Cu, and Mn respectively; MMHAC -mineral methionine hydroxy analog chelate: 50, 8, and 50 ppm of bis-chelated MINTREX®Zn, Cu and Mn (Novus International, Inc.), and TMAAC - trace minerals amino acid complex: 50, 8, and 50 ppm of Zn, Cu, and Mn. At 28 weeks of age, eggs from breeder treatments were hatched for progeny trial, 10 pens with 6 males and 6 female birds per pen were fed a common diet with ITM for 45 days. Breeder production, egg quality, progeny growth performance, mRNA expression of gut health associated genes in breeder and progeny chicks were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA; means were separated by Fisher's protected LSD test. A p-Value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically different and 0.1 was considered numerical trend. Breeders on ITM treatment had higher (p < 0.05) body weight (BW), weight gain and lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 0 to 10 weeks, when compared to birds fed MMHAC. MMHAC significantly improved egg mass by 3 g (p < 0.05) and FCR by 34 points (0.05 < p < 0.1) throughout the reproductive period (26-66 weeks) in comparison to ITM. MMHAC improved (p < 0.01) egg yolk color versus (vs.) ITM and TMAAC in all periods, except 28 weeks, increased (p < 0.01) eggshell thickness and resistance vs. TMAAC at 58 weeks, and reduced (p < 0.05) jejunal NF-κB gene expression vs. TMAAC at 24 weeks. There was a significant reduction in tibial dry matter weight, Seedor index and resistance for the breeders that received MMHAC and/or TMAAC when compared to ITM at 18 weeks. Lower seedor index but numerically wider tibial circumference was seen in hens fed MMHAC at 24 weeks, and wider tibial circumference but lower tibial resistance in hens fed TMAAC at 66 weeks. Maternal supplementation of MMHAC in breeder hens increased (p < 0.0001) BW vs. ITM and TMAAC at hatching, reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake vs. ITM at d14 and d28, and improved (p < 0.01) FCR and performance index vs. TMAAC at d28, reduced (p < 0.01) NF-κB gene expression and increased (p < 0.05) A20 gene expression vs. TMAAC on d0 and vs. ITM on d14, reduced (p < 0.05) TLR2 gene expression vs. ITM on d0 and vs. TMAAC on d14, increased (p < 0.05) MUC2 gene expression vs. both ITM and TMAAC on d45 in progeny jejunum. Overall, these results suggest that supplementation with lower levels of MHA-chelated trace minerals improved breeder production and egg quality and reduced breeder jejunal inflammation while maintaining tibial development in comparison to those receiving higher inorganic mineral supplementation, and it also carried over the benefits to progeny with better growth performance, less jejunal inflammation and better innate immune response and gut barrier function in comparison to ITM and/or TMAAC.

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The increase in antimicrobial resistance has raised questions about how to use these drugs safely, especially in veterinary medicine, animal nutrition, and agriculture. Escherichia coli is an important human and animal pathogen that frequently contains plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Extra chromosomal elements are required for various functions or conditions in microorganisms. Several phage-like plasmids have been identified, which are important in antibiotic resistance. In this work, the molecular characterization of the pBOq-IncQ (4.5 kb) and pBOq-95LK (95 kb) plasmids found in the E. coli strain BOq 01, a multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from a poultry farm, are considered. Plasmid pBOq-IncQ belongs to the incQ incompatibility plasmid family and is involved in sulfonamide resistance. Plasmid pBOq-95LK is a lytic phage-like plasmid that is involved in the lysis of the E. coli BOq 01 strain and carries a bleomycin resistance gene and a strain cured of this plasmid shows bleomycin sensitivity. Induction of the lytic cycle indicates that this phage-like plasmid is an active phage. This type of plasmid has been reported to acquire genes such as mcr-1, which codes for colistin resistance and bacterial persistence and is a significant public health threat. A genome comparison, a pangenomic and phylogenomic analysis with other phage-like plasmids reported in the literature were performed to understand better the evolution of this kind of plasmid in bacteria and its potential importance in antibiotic resistance.

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Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are arboviral diseases for which there are no effective therapies or vaccines. The only way to avoid their transmission is by controlling the vector Aedes aegypti, but insecticide resistance limits this strategy. To generate relevant information for surveillance and control mechanisms, we determined life cycle parameters, including longevity, fecundity, and mortality, of Colombian Ae. aegypti populations from four different geographical regions: Neiva, Bello, Itagüí, and Riohacha. When reared at 28 °C, Bello had the shortest development time, and Riohacha had the longest. Each mosquito population had its own characteristic fecundity pattern during four gonotrophic cycles. The survival curves of each population were significantly different, with Riohacha having the longest survival in both males and females and Bello the shortest. High mortality was observed in mosquitoes from Neiva in the egg stage and for Bello in the pupae stage. Finally, when mosquitoes from Neiva and Bello were reared at 35 °C, development times and mortality were severely affected. In conclusion, each population has a unique development pattern with an innate trace in their biological characteristics that confers vulnerability in specific stages of development.

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Yeasts are one of the main ingredients responsible for flavor precursors production associated with sensorial characteristics in chocolate. Using wild yeast isolated from cocoa beans fermentation is emerging as a strategy for developing starter cultures. However, the volatile compounds (VCs) produced by yeasts are not yet known. This study aimed to select wild yeasts with the potential to produce volatile compounds associated with desirable flavor attributes. A total of 150 wild yeasts strains were isolated from the spontaneous cocoa beans fermentation, of which 40 were identified by morphology and physiological features. VCs produced were identified and quantified using SPME-GC-MS and GC-FID and profiles were evaluated statistically by PCA and cluster analysis for the compounds that had a high odor threshold value. Thirty-six VCs produced by these yeasts were identified into six main families, namely esters, alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, and pyrazines. PCA showed the separation of the yeasts into two main clusters. Strains, Y195 and Y246, belong to the first cluster and are the highest producers of alcohols related to floral perceptions. In the second cluster, thirty-three yeasts were grouped by their ability to produce esters. Of all of them, Y110MRS stood out for producing 2-phenyl ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate associated with fruity perceptions. This screening allowed us to identify yeasts that produced VCs of technological interest and which could be used to develop a starter culture.

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