RESUMO
The objective was to evaluate the supplementation strategy's effect on beef cattle during the growing phase and two systems during the finishing phase. One hundred and twenty young bulls were randomly divided in a 2 × 2 factorial design to receive either mineral (ad libitum) or protein + energy (3 g/kg body weight (BW)/day) during the growing phase and pasture plus concentrate supplementation (20 g/kg BW/day) or feedlot (25:75% corn silage:concentrate) during the finishing phase. Feedlot-fed bulls had meat (Longissimus thoracis-LT) with a higher content of lipids and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and a greater upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c than animals that fed on pasture (p < 0.05). On the other hand, pasture-fed bulls had meat with a higher content of α-linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and n6 and a greater n6:n3 ratio compared to the feedlot-fed group (p < 0.05). In addition, meat from pasture-fed bulls during the finishing phase had 17.6% more isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme concentration than the feedlot group (p = 0.02). Mineral-fed and pasture-finished bulls showed down-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (p < 0.05), while the bulls fed protein + energy and finished in the feedlot had higher carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 expression (p ≤ 0.013). In conclusion, mineral or protein + energy supplementation in the growing does not affect the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat of LT muscle. In the finishing phase, feeding bulls in the feedlot upregulates the lipogenic genes and consequently improves the intramuscular fat content in the meat.
RESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal dos concentrados protéicos, farelo de soja(FS) e torta de algodão(TA). Para estimativa dos parâmetros da cinética de degradação in situ da matéria seca (MS) e proteína bruta (PB) dos concentrados, foi realizado o ajuste de 5 diferentes modelos matemáticos não-lineares: Exponencial, Van Milgen, Logístico, Gompertz e Richards. Para avaliação in situ dos alimentos, foram utilizados dois bovinos adultoscanuladosno rúmen. As amostras foram incubadas nos tempos 0; 2; 4; 6; 12; 16; 24; 36; 48 e 72 horas, nos resíduos de incubação foram determinados os teores de MS e PB, e sua degradabilidade potencial e efetiva. Os valores de degradabilidade efetiva da MS do FS foram de 86,35; 74,23 e 65,50%,e da TA de 53,44; 41,70 e 35,21% nas taxas de passagem de 0,02; 0,05 e 0,08.h-1, respectivamente. O FS e a TA apresentaram valores para a fração A da PB de 18,15 e 34,77% e para a fração B, 79,76 e 55,10%, respectivamente. De acordo com a ponderação de Akaike (Wi) o modelo de Richards apresenta; 95,45 e 49,64% de chance de ser o modelo mais adequado, para caracterizar a cinética de degradação in situ da MS do, FS e da TA, respectivamente. Contudo, o modelo de Gompertz apresenta 63,86 e 66,49 % de chance de ser o modelo mais adequado para caracterizar a degradação da PB do FS e TA.(AU)
This studied aimed to evaluate the parameters of ruminal degradation kinetics of protein concentrates, soybean meal (SM) and cotton cake (CC).To estimate the in situ degradation parameters of DM and CP from coproducts were fitted 5different non-linear mathematical models: Exponencial, Van Milgen, Logístico, Gompertz and Richards. For in situ evaluation were used two cattle cannulated in the rumen. The samples were incubate dat 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours and in the incubation residues were determined DM and CP and their degradability. The DM degradability of SM were 86.35, 74.23, 65.50% and to CC were 53.44, 41.70 and 35.21% in passage rates of 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08.h-1, respectively. The SM and CC showed values for the CP soluble fraction of the 18.15, 34.77% and 79.76, 55.10% to insoluble potentially degradable fraction, respectively. According to the Akaike weights (Wi) the model of Richards has 95.45 and 49.64% of chance to be the most suitable model to characterize the in situ DM degradation of SM and CC. However, the Gompertz model has 63.86 and 66.49% chance to be the most suitable model to characterize the CP in situ degradation of SM and CC.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , /análise , /estatística & dados numéricos , Ruminantes/anormalidades , Ruminantes/anatomia & histologia , Ruminantes/fisiologia , Biodegradação AmbientalRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os parâmetros da cinética de degradação ruminal dos concentrados protéicos, farelo de soja(FS) e torta de algodão(TA). Para estimativa dos parâmetros da cinética de degradação in situ da matéria seca (MS) e proteína bruta (PB) dos concentrados, foi realizado o ajuste de 5 diferentes modelos matemáticos não-lineares: Exponencial, Van Milgen, Logístico, Gompertz e Richards. Para avaliação in situ dos alimentos, foram utilizados dois bovinos adultoscanuladosno rúmen. As amostras foram incubadas nos tempos 0; 2; 4; 6; 12; 16; 24; 36; 48 e 72 horas, nos resíduos de incubação foram determinados os teores de MS e PB, e sua degradabilidade potencial e efetiva. Os valores de degradabilidade efetiva da MS do FS foram de 86,35; 74,23 e 65,50%,e da TA de 53,44; 41,70 e 35,21% nas taxas de passagem de 0,02; 0,05 e 0,08.h-1, respectivamente. O FS e a TA apresentaram valores para a fração A da PB de 18,15 e 34,77% e para a fração B, 79,76 e 55,10%, respectivamente. De acordo com a ponderação de Akaike (Wi) o modelo de Richards apresenta; 95,45 e 49,64% de chance de ser o modelo mais adequado, para caracterizar a cinética de degradação in situ da MS do, FS e da TA, respectivamente. Contudo, o modelo de Gompertz apresenta 63,86 e 66,49 % de chance de ser o modelo mais adequado para caracterizar a degradação da PB do FS e TA.
This studied aimed to evaluate the parameters of ruminal degradation kinetics of protein concentrates, soybean meal (SM) and cotton cake (CC).To estimate the in situ degradation parameters of DM and CP from coproducts were fitted 5different non-linear mathematical models: Exponencial, Van Milgen, Logístico, Gompertz and Richards. For in situ evaluation were used two cattle cannulated in the rumen. The samples were incubate dat 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours and in the incubation residues were determined DM and CP and their degradability. The DM degradability of SM were 86.35, 74.23, 65.50% and to CC were 53.44, 41.70 and 35.21% in passage rates of 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08.h-1, respectively. The SM and CC showed values for the CP soluble fraction of the 18.15, 34.77% and 79.76, 55.10% to insoluble potentially degradable fraction, respectively. According to the Akaike weights (Wi) the model of Richards has 95.45 and 49.64% of chance to be the most suitable model to characterize the in situ DM degradation of SM and CC. However, the Gompertz model has 63.86 and 66.49% chance to be the most suitable model to characterize the CP in situ degradation of SM and CC.