RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Some studies have pointed to gabapentinoids as promising medications in postoperative pain control. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin in reducing postoperative pain in tonsillectomy and lateral pharyngoplasties. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Tertiary care center. METHODS: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients undergoing tonsillectomies and lateral pharyngoplasties between Aug 29, 2017, and Oct 31, 2020. Data of interest such as opioid consumption, pain scores, and adverse outcomes such as dizziness, nausea, headache, and sedation within 7 days following surgeries were analyzed. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed in pain scores and opioid consumption between the groups studied in the pilot project. The use of pregabalin was associated with lower incidence of dizziness compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Gabapentinoids, especially pregabalin, are drugs whose potential for controlling pain after pharyngeal surgery, such as tonsillectomy and sleep apnea surgery, still needs to be more fully evaluated. After the conclusion of the present study, we hope to answer this question about the role of pregabalin in oropharyngeal surgeries.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Tonsilectomia , Humanos , Pregabalina/uso terapêutico , Projetos Piloto , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Tonsilectomia/efeitos adversos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Tontura/induzido quimicamente , Tontura/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologiaRESUMO
Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, with a worldwide increase in incidence. Despite the increased overall survival of metastatic melanoma patients given recent advances in targeted and immunotherapy, it still has a poor prognosis and available treatment options carry diverse severe side effects. Polysaccharides from seaweed have been shown to exert antitumor activities. Here we show in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of a sulfated homogalactan (named 3G4S) from Codium isthmocladum seaweed in the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line. 3G4S did not induce cytotoxicity or proliferation changes; however, it was able to reduce solid tumor growth and metastasis, while not inducing side effects in mice. B16-F10 cells traits related to the metastatic cascade were also impaired by 3G4S, reducing cell invasion, colony-forming capacity and membrane glycoconjugates. Therefore, 3G4S shows promising antitumor activities without the commonly associated drawbacks of cancer treatments and can be further explored.
Assuntos
Galactanos/farmacologia , Química Verde , Melanoma Experimental/prevenção & controle , Alga Marinha/química , Sulfatos/química , Animais , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma Experimental/secundário , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer with high mortality owing to its fast progression and metastatic capacity. The treatments available nowadays are only palliative in advanced stages of the disease. Thus, alternative therapies for cancer treatment are in demand, and molecules from natural sources, such as polysaccharides, could represent new possible therapeutic approaches. Polysaccharides of freshwater and marine algae with biological activities, such as antitumor properties, are greatly reported in the scientific literature. In the present study, a sulfated heterorhamnan obtained from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis (Gb1 fraction) was chemically characterized and its biological activities in the B16-F10 murine melanoma cell line were evaluated. The Gb1 polysaccharidic fraction tested concentrations presented low or absence of cytotoxicity to B16-F10 cells and neither cell proliferation nor cell cycle were altered. Interestingly, Gb1 treatment decreased B16-F10 cells migration and invasion capabilities and CD44 labeling, showing to be a promising compound for further in vitro and in vivo antitumor studies.
Assuntos
Clorófitas/química , Desoxiaçúcares/farmacologia , Mananas/farmacologia , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Desoxiaçúcares/toxicidade , Mananas/toxicidade , Camundongos , Invasividade Neoplásica , SulfatosAssuntos
Hematologia/educação , Pesquisa Biomédica , Brasil , Fortalecimento Institucional , Humanos , Internato e Residência , PobrezaRESUMO
A heteropolysaccharide was isolated by cold aqueous extraction from edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii ("King Oyster") basidiocarps and its biological properties were evaluated. Structural assignments were carried out using mono- and bidimensional NMR spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition, and methylation analyses. A mannogalactan having a main chain of (1â6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl and 3-O-methyl-α-d-galactopyranosyl residues, both partially substituted at OH-2 by ß-d-Manp (MG-Pe) single-unit was found. Biological effects of mannogalactan from P. eryngii (MG-Pe) were tested against murine melanoma cells. MG-Pe was non-cytotoxic, but reduced in vitro melanoma cells invasion. Also, 50mg/kg MG-Pe administration to melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice up to 10days decreased in 60% the tumor volume compared to control. Additionally, no changes were observed when biochemical profile, complete blood cells count (CBC), organs, and body weight were analyzed. Mg-Pe was shown to be a promising anti-melanoma molecule capable of switching melanoma cells to a non-invasive phenotype with no toxicity to melanoma-bearing mice.
Assuntos
Polissacarídeos Fúngicos/farmacologia , Galactanos/farmacologia , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Pleurotus/química , Animais , Carpóforos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the ingestion of fish oil (FO), a source of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), can reduce the deleterious side-effects of chemotherapy. The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with oral FO for 9 weeks on nutritional parameters and inflammatory nutritional risk in patients with haematological malignancies during the beginning of chemotherapy. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with leukaemia or lymphoma were randomised to the unsupplemented group (UG) (n = 13) or supplemented group (SG) (n = 9). SG received 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks. Nutritional status, serum acute-phase proteins and plasma fatty acids were evaluated before (T0) and after (T1) the intervention period. Data were analysed using two models; model 1, comprising data from all patients included in the study, and model 2, comprising data from UG patients with no increase in the proportions of EPA and DHA in plasma and data from SG patients showing an at least 100% increase in plasma EPA and DHA. RESULTS: SG showed an increased plasma proportion of EPA and DHA in both models. In model 2, C-reactive protein (CRP) and CRP/albumin ratio showed larger reductions in the SG. Overall long-term survival in both models (465 days after the start of the chemotherapy) was higher in the group ingesting fish oil (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate an improved nutritional-inflammatory risk and potential effects on long-term survival in patients with haematological malignancies supplemented with FO during the beginning of chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Hematológicas/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antropometria , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Feminino , Neoplasias Hematológicas/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by the intensity and/or quality of the reflux of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus. Surgical treatment of GERD has shown conflicting results and unacceptable recurrence rates, mainly due to herniation of the antireflux valve into the chest. A variety of techniques has been proposed to reduce GERD recurrence, including routine use of prosthesis in cruroplasty. The prevalence of GERD in patients with hiatal hernia (HH) can reach 94 %. It is possible that the phrenoesophageal ligament (POL) engaged in the stabilization of the gastroesophageal junction in the abdomen may be an etiological factor of HH. We conducted a study to evaluate collagen in the constitution of the POL in patients with HH and cadavers without HH. METHODS: POL samples were collected from 29 patients with HH and GERD (cases) and 32 samples from cadavers without HH (controls). Total collagen was quantified through the Picrosirius red histochemical technique, and type-I and type-III collagens were quantified immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody. The stained slides were photographed, and images were quantified by computer software (Image Pro Plus) to count the pixels per field. RESULTS: The mean age was 49.5 (±11.5) years for the cases and 38.5 (±13) years for the controls (p < 0.01). Seventeen cases (58.6 %) and six controls (18.75 %) were female (p < 0.01). The quantity of total (p < 0.01), type-I (p < 0.01), and type-III (p < 0.05) collagens was significantly lower by about 60 % in patients with HH compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the composition of POL for patients with GERD and HH includes less total, type-I, and type-III collagens than that of the POL of cadavers without HH. The quality of the POL may be an etiological factor in the development of HH.
Assuntos
Colágeno Tipo III/metabolismo , Junção Esofagogástrica/metabolismo , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/cirurgia , Hérnia Hiatal/cirurgia , Ligamentos/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Junção Esofagogástrica/cirurgia , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Hérnia Hiatal/complicações , Humanos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Ligamentos/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Macrophages are cells of high plasticity and can act in different ways to ensure that the appropriate immune response remains controlled. This study shows the effects of the C-type Bothrops jararacussu venom lectin (BJcuL) on the activation of human macrophages derived from the U937 cell line. BJcuL binds on the cell surface, and this event is inhibited by its specific carbohydrate. It induced phagocytosis and production of H2O2, and expression of antigen presentation molecules. It also enhanced the production of TNF-α, GM-CSF and IL-6 by macrophages and indirectly induced T cells to an increased production of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 in the presence of LPS. Our results suggest that BJcuL can modulate macrophage functional activation towards an M1 state.
Assuntos
Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultura , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Lectinas Tipo C , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Monócitos/citologia , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Células U937Assuntos
Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Coração Fetal/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração/métodos , Transplante de Coração/normas , Brasil , Feto , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/congênito , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Sociedades MédicasRESUMO
It has been hypothesized that oils containing high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as canola and fish oil, could counteract some of the adverse effects induced by phthalates. In the present study, the influence of different oily vehicles on di-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced testicular toxicity and lipid profile was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated by oral gavage from gestation days 13 to 20 with DBP (500 mg/kg/day) diluted in three different vehicles: corn, canola or fish oil. Male fetuses were analyzed on gestation day 20. DBP exposure lowered intratesticular testosterone levels and anogenital distance, regardless of the vehicle used. The percentage of seminiferous cords containing multinucleated gonocytes and cord diameter was increased in DBP-exposed groups, compared with vehicle controls, with no difference between the three DBP-exposed groups. Clustering of Leydig cells was seen in all DBP groups. Lipid profile indicated that administration of canola and fish oil can increase the content of omega-3 fatty acids in rat testis. However, content of omega-3 was diminished in DBP-treated groups. Overall, our results indicate that different oily vehicles did not alter fetal rat testicular toxicity induced by a high DBP dose.