RESUMO
In this study we assessed the basal transcription of genes associated with innate immunity (i.e. Nramp1, NOD1, NOD2, TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, and TLR9) in canine monocyte-derived macrophages from Leishmania-free dogs. Additionally, secretion of cytokines (IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and nitric oxide in culture supernatants of macrophages with higher or lower resistance to intracellular survival of Leishmania infantum was also measured. Constitutive transcription of TLR9 and NOD2 were negligible; NOD1, TLR1, and TLR7 had low levels of transcription, whereas Nramp1 and TLR2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 had higher levels of constitutive transcription in canine monocyte-derived macrophages. There were no significant differences in transcription between macrophages with higher or lower resistance to intracellular survival of L. infantum. Secretion of TNF-α was higher in more resistant macrophages (designated as resistant) at 24h after infection when compared to less resistant macrophages (designated as susceptible), as well as the secretion of IFN-γ at 72 h post infection. Secretion of IL-10 was lower in resistant macrophages at 24h after infection. No detectable production of nitric oxide was observed. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between NOD2 transcript levels and intracellular survival of L. infantum in resistant macrophages. This study demonstrated that decreased intracellular survival of L. infantum in canine macrophages was associated with increased production of TNF-α and IFN-γ and decreased production of IL-10; and that constitutive transcription of Nramp1, TLR and NLR does not interfere in intracellular survival of L. infantum.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Macrófagos/fisiologia , Animais , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/fisiologia , Resistência à Doença/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Resistência à Doença/fisiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/imunologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/fisiopatologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/genética , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/fisiopatologia , Cães , Feminino , Imunidade Inata/genética , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/fisiopatologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/parasitologia , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/imunologia , Transcrição Gênica/fisiologiaRESUMO
An adult male Amazon tree boa (Corallus hortulanus) from the Zoo-Botanical Foundation (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) died after a period of apathy and anorexia. Cachexia was the only significant gross finding. Numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were found in the liver, lungs, heart, testes, kidneys, and adipose tissue, compatible with the Inclusion Body Disease. The snake also had an undifferentiated metastatic sarcoma. In order to further characterize the inclusion bodies found in this case, transmission electronic microscopy was performed. Inclusion Body Disease affects boid snakes, causing regurgitation, anorexia and neurological signs that eventually lead to death. This is a challenging disease since its etiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology are unknown, and therefore treatment is not effective. This is the first report of Inclusion Body Disease in boid snake in Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Boidae , Corpos de Inclusão , Sarcoma/veterináriaRESUMO
An adult male Amazon tree boa (Corallus hortulanus) from the Zoo-Botanical Foundation (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) died after a period of apathy and anorexia. Cachexia was the only significant gross finding. Numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were found in the liver, lungs, heart, testes, kidneys, and adipose tissue, compatible with the Inclusion Body Disease. The snake also had an undifferentiated metastatic sarcoma. In order to further characterize the inclusion bodies found in this case, transmission electronic microscopy was performed. Inclusion Body Disease affects boid snakes, causing regurgitation, anorexia and neurological signs that eventually lead to death. This is a challenging disease since its etiology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology are unknown, and therefore treatment is not effective. This is the first report of Inclusion Body Disease in boid snake in Brazil.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Boidae , Corpos de Inclusão , Sarcoma/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stratified keratinizing squamous epithelium in the ovary has been associated with the diagnosis of ovarian teratoma in cows. Recently, the diagnosis of "epidermoid cyst" has been proposed. A case of squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii in a Zebu cow is described in this report. CASE PRESENTATION: A crossbreed Zebu cow had both ovaries enlarged with multiple cysts. Most cysts were lined by well differentiated keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium and filled with keratinized lamellar material. Some cysts were lined by an epithelial layer that ranged from single cuboidal, double cuboidal epithelium, stratified non keratinized epithelium, and areas of keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Single or double layered cuboidal epithelia of the cysts expressed low molecular weight cytokeratin 7, whose expression was absent in the keratinizing stratified squamous epithelia of same cysts. Conversely, high molecular weight cytokeratins 1, 5, 10, and 14 were strongly expressed by the keratinizing stratified epithelium. CONCLUSION: Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii was diagnosed. Squamous metaplasia of the rete ovarii, may account for some of the previously described squamous lesions in the ovary, which may have been misinterpreted as teratoma or epidermoid cysts.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Cistos Ovarianos/veterinária , Ovário/patologia , Animais , Bovinos , Feminino , Cistos Ovarianos/patologiaRESUMO
Cysteine proteinases from the latex of plants of the family Caricaceae are widely used industrially as well as in pharmaceutical preparations. In the present work, a 23 kDa cysteine proteinase from Carica candamarcensis latex (designated CMS1MS2) was purified for crystallization using three chromatography steps. The enzyme shows about fourfold higher activity than papain with BAPNA as substrate. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction experiments were obtained by the hanging-drop method in the presence of PEG and ammonium sulfate as precipitants. The crystals are monoclinic (space group P2(1)), with unit-cell parameters a = 53.26, b = 75.71, c = 53.23 A, beta = 96.81 degrees , and diffract X-rays to 1.8 A resolution.