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Capsaicinoids are acid amides of C9-C11 branched-chain fatty acids and vanillylamine and constitute important chemical compounds of Capsicum annuum together with their non-pungent analogs (capsinoids) which have an impressive list of health benefit properties (i.e., analgesia, anti-obesity, thermogenic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-virulence, anti-inflamatory, anti-diabetic, inhibits angiogenesis, and improves glucose metabolism) . In this review, the state of art on how capsaicinoids are affected by different pre- and postharvest factors is discussed together with their biological activity. For instance, high light intensity and heat treatments may reduce capsaicinoid content in fruits probably due to the loss of activity of capsaicin synthase (CS) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). The pungency in peppers varies also with environment, genotype or cultivar, node position, fruiting and maturity stages, nitrogen and potassium contents. As the fruit mature, capsaicinoid levels increase. Fruits from the second node tend to have higher accumulation of pungency than those of other positions and the pungency decreases linearly as the node position increase. Sodium hydroxide treatment reduces the pungency of pepper fruit as it hydrolyzes and modifies one of the features (vanillyl group, the acid-amide linkage and alkyl side chain) of capsaicin molecule. Salt and water stress increase PAL and capsaicin synthase activity and increase the capsaicinoid accumulation in fruit, by negatively regulating peroxidase activity at appropriate levels. Future research must be directed in better understanding the changes of capsinoids during pre and post-harvest management, the causal drivers of the loss of activity of the aminotransferase gene (pAMT) and if possible, studies with genetically modified sweet peppers with functional pAMT. Available data provided in this review can be used in different agricultural programs related to developing new cultivars with specific pungency levels. The contents of capsaicinoids and capsinoids in both fresh fruits and marketed products are also of remarkable importance considering the preferences of certain niches in market where higher added-value products might be commercialized.

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Rice is one species that present dormancy after harvest and can be prolonged during seed storage. This work aimed to determine whether gibberellic acid (GA3) is an efficient promoter of dormancy-breaking in rice seeds and evaluate changes in biological structures via histochemistry. The cultivar used was SCS122 Miura submitted to 0 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1, and 1000 mg L-1 of GA3. Germination, viability, root, shoot and seedling length, starch optical microscopy, and quantification of total soluble sugars were performed. The use of 500 mg L-1 and 1000 mgL-1 of GA3 was efficient in dormancy-breaking rice seeds, reducing the percentage of dormant seeds to 4% and 1%, respectively. Despite lowering the dormancy percentage, the presence of GA3 causes an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings. Therefore, it cannot be recommended as a method of dormancy-breaking rice seeds at the concentrations used. Optical microscopy is efficient to verify that with the dormancy-breaking, the degradation of starch granules occurs, increasing the availability of totalsoluble sugars for the growth and development of seedlings.(AU)

O arroz é uma das espécies que apresenta dormência após a colheita, podendo esta ser prolongada durante o armazenamento das sementes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar se o ácido giberélico (GA3) é um promotor eficiente da superação de dormência em sementes de arroz e avaliar mudanças nas estruturas biológicas via histoquímica.A cultivar utilizada foi aSCS122 Miura submetida a 0 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1e 1000 mg L-1de GA3. Foram realizadas análises de germinação, viabilidade, comprimento de raiz, parte aérea e plântula, microscopia óptica do amido e quantificação dos açúcares solúveis totais. A utilização de 500 mg L-1 e 1000 mg L-1de GA3foi eficiente para a superação da dormência de sementes de arroz, reduzindo o percentual de sementes dormentes para 4% e 1% respectivamente. Apesar de reduzir o percentual dormência, a presença de GA3provoca aumento do percentual de plântulas anormais, e por isso, nas concentrações utilizadas, não pode ser recomendado como método de superação em sementes de arroz. A microscopia óptica é eficiente para verificar que com a superação de dormência, ocorre a degradação dos grânulos de amido, aumentando a disponibilidade de açúcares solúveis totais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plântulas.(AU)

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RESUMO

Rice is one species that present dormancy after harvest and can be prolonged during seed storage. This work aimed to determine whether gibberellic acid (GA3) is an efficient promoter of dormancy-breaking in rice seeds and evaluate changes in biological structures via histochemistry. The cultivar used was SCS122 Miura submitted to 0 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1, and 1000 mg L-1 of GA3. Germination, viability, root, shoot and seedling length, starch optical microscopy, and quantification of total soluble sugars were performed. The use of 500 mg L-1 and 1000 mgL-1 of GA3 was efficient in dormancy-breaking rice seeds, reducing the percentage of dormant seeds to 4% and 1%, respectively. Despite lowering the dormancy percentage, the presence of GA3 causes an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings. Therefore, it cannot be recommended as a method of dormancy-breaking rice seeds at the concentrations used. Optical microscopy is efficient to verify that with the dormancy-breaking, the degradation of starch granules occurs, increasing the availability of totalsoluble sugars for the growth and development of seedlings.

O arroz é uma das espécies que apresenta dormência após a colheita, podendo esta ser prolongada durante o armazenamento das sementes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar se o ácido giberélico (GA3) é um promotor eficiente da superação de dormência em sementes de arroz e avaliar mudanças nas estruturas biológicas via histoquímica.A cultivar utilizada foi aSCS122 Miura submetida a 0 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1e 1000 mg L-1de GA3. Foram realizadas análises de germinação, viabilidade, comprimento de raiz, parte aérea e plântula, microscopia óptica do amido e quantificação dos açúcares solúveis totais. A utilização de 500 mg L-1 e 1000 mg L-1de GA3foi eficiente para a superação da dormência de sementes de arroz, reduzindo o percentual de sementes dormentes para 4% e 1% respectivamente. Apesar de reduzir o percentual dormência, a presença de GA3provoca aumento do percentual de plântulas anormais, e por isso, nas concentrações utilizadas, não pode ser recomendado como método de superação em sementes de arroz. A microscopia óptica é eficiente para verificar que com a superação de dormência, ocorre a degradação dos grânulos de amido, aumentando a disponibilidade de açúcares solúveis totais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plântulas.

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The main goals of this research were to use ATR-FTIR spectroscopy associated with multivariate analyses to identify biochemical changes in high and low vigour seed tissues (embryo and endosperm) in response to accelerated ageing and to create a model to predict seed vigour based on spectroscopic data. High-vigour seeds undergo minimal changes in biochemical composition during stress by accelerated ageing while low-vigour seeds are more sensitive to stress and this lower tolerance is associated with reduced lipid and protein content and increased amino acids, carbohydrates and phosphorus compounds in the embryo. High-vigour seeds show an increase in peaks associated with amino acids and phosphorous compounds in the endosperm after 24 h of stress while low-vigour seeds present these high-intensity peaks only after 72 h in the embryo. The results of this research provide the theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of maize cultivars that aim at higher physiological seed quality.

RESUMO

The soybean seeds produced in Santa Catarina have the potential for the application of new marketing strategies because they have superior quality over the minimum standards established by the Brazilian legislation. This potential was verified using time series analysis (TS). The main goal of this study was to characterize the physiological quality of soybean seeds produced in the State of Santa Catarina using data from the last five harvests in order to establish new commercialization strategies based on seed quality. Historical data for germination and vigor were obtained from the 2012/2013 to 2016/2017 harvests, with a total of 4606 lots studied. To validate the historical data, data from the 2016/2017 harvest were included. For this analysis, 100 lots of soybean seeds from the 2016/2017 harvest were collected, and laboratory tests for germination and vigor were performed. The results of the time series analysis showed that, on average, the germination rate ranged from 89 to 93%, with all values being higher than the minimum required for commercialization by the Brazilian legislation. Vigor ranged on average from 82 to 90%. Currently, there is no reference value for vigor in the Brazilian legislation for seed commercialization purposes. Of the total of lots evaluated, 1%, 2%, 21%, and 76% of seeds presented germination < 70%, 70-80%, 80-90%, and > 90%, respectively, whereas 4%, 3%, 7%, 17%, and 69% of the lots presented vigor < 70%, 70–75%, 75–80%, 80–85%, and > 85%, respectively. Considering that 76% of the lots presented germination > 90% and 69% of the lots had vigor > 85%, the lots that presented these percentages were ranked, and 64% were determined to meet high quality standards. Taking into account the 100 sampled lots from the 2016/2017 harvest, 55% presented germination > 90% and 58% had vigor > 85%. In this harvest, 41% of the lots met the standards of at least 90% germination and 85% vigor according to the...(AU)

Como sementes de soja produzidas em Santa Catarina têm potencial para novas estratégias de comercialização, pois possuem qualidade superior aos padrões exigidos pela legislação. A comprovação deste potencial é possível através do uso de análises de séries temporais. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar uma qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja produzida no estado de Santa Catarina nas últimas 5 safras, buscando obter novas estratégias de comercialização com base na qualidade das sementes. Os resultados históricos dos percentuais de germinação e vigor de sementes de soja foram registrados nas safras 2012/2013 a 2016/2017, totalizando 4606 lotes. Para validação desses dados, na safra 2016/2017, foram coletadas 100 sementes de soja e conduzidas ou teste de germinação e vigor no laboratório de análise de sementes. Os dados do histórico foram usados para análise estatística usando séries temporais e regressão. Ao conjunto de dados foram incluídos os 100 lotes analisados no safra 2016/2017 e ranqueados nas classes de germinação e vigor. O percentual de germinação e vigor dos lotes mantidos é superior a 90% e 87%, respectivamente, com redução de 0,32% na germinação e 0,80% para vigor ao longo das cinco safras analisadas, evidenciando que há manutenção da qualidade das sementes ao longo das safras. A manutenção está atrelada a fatores climáticos favoráveis à produção e ao armazenamento de sementes de soja observados em Santa Catarina. Do total de lotes analisados (4606) nas cinco safras, 3.500 lotes (76%) apresentaram germinação superior a 90% e 3.178 lotes (69%) vigor superior a 85%. Dos 100 lotes analisados na safra 2016/2017, 55 apresentaram germinação acima de 90% e 58 vigor superior a 85%. Os resultados obtidos na safra 2016/2017 validam a série histórica e comprovam a elevada qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja produzidas em Santa...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The soybean seeds produced in Santa Catarina have the potential for the application of new marketing strategies because they have superior quality over the minimum standards established by the Brazilian legislation. This potential was verified using time series analysis (TS). The main goal of this study was to characterize the physiological quality of soybean seeds produced in the State of Santa Catarina using data from the last five harvests in order to establish new commercialization strategies based on seed quality. Historical data for germination and vigor were obtained from the 2012/2013 to 2016/2017 harvests, with a total of 4606 lots studied. To validate the historical data, data from the 2016/2017 harvest were included. For this analysis, 100 lots of soybean seeds from the 2016/2017 harvest were collected, and laboratory tests for germination and vigor were performed. The results of the time series analysis showed that, on average, the germination rate ranged from 89 to 93%, with all values being higher than the minimum required for commercialization by the Brazilian legislation. Vigor ranged on average from 82 to 90%. Currently, there is no reference value for vigor in the Brazilian legislation for seed commercialization purposes. Of the total of lots evaluated, 1%, 2%, 21%, and 76% of seeds presented germination 90%, respectively, whereas 4%, 3%, 7%, 17%, and 69% of the lots presented vigor 85%, respectively. Considering that 76% of the lots presented germination > 90% and 69% of the lots had vigor > 85%, the lots that presented these percentages were ranked, and 64% were determined to meet high quality standards. Taking into account the 100 sampled lots from the 2016/2017 harvest, 55% presented germination > 90% and 58% had vigor > 85%. In this harvest, 41% of the lots met the standards of at least 90% germination and 85% vigor according to the...

Como sementes de soja produzidas em Santa Catarina têm potencial para novas estratégias de comercialização, pois possuem qualidade superior aos padrões exigidos pela legislação. A comprovação deste potencial é possível através do uso de análises de séries temporais. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar uma qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja produzida no estado de Santa Catarina nas últimas 5 safras, buscando obter novas estratégias de comercialização com base na qualidade das sementes. Os resultados históricos dos percentuais de germinação e vigor de sementes de soja foram registrados nas safras 2012/2013 a 2016/2017, totalizando 4606 lotes. Para validação desses dados, na safra 2016/2017, foram coletadas 100 sementes de soja e conduzidas ou teste de germinação e vigor no laboratório de análise de sementes. Os dados do histórico foram usados para análise estatística usando séries temporais e regressão. Ao conjunto de dados foram incluídos os 100 lotes analisados no safra 2016/2017 e ranqueados nas classes de germinação e vigor. O percentual de germinação e vigor dos lotes mantidos é superior a 90% e 87%, respectivamente, com redução de 0,32% na germinação e 0,80% para vigor ao longo das cinco safras analisadas, evidenciando que há manutenção da qualidade das sementes ao longo das safras. A manutenção está atrelada a fatores climáticos favoráveis à produção e ao armazenamento de sementes de soja observados em Santa Catarina. Do total de lotes analisados (4606) nas cinco safras, 3.500 lotes (76%) apresentaram germinação superior a 90% e 3.178 lotes (69%) vigor superior a 85%. Dos 100 lotes analisados na safra 2016/2017, 55 apresentaram germinação acima de 90% e 58 vigor superior a 85%. Os resultados obtidos na safra 2016/2017 validam a série histórica e comprovam a elevada qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja produzidas em Santa...

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The world coffee consumption has been growing for its appreciated taste and its beneficial effects on health. The residual biomass of coffee, originated in the food industry after oil extraction from coffee beans, called coffee beans residual press cake, has attracted interest as a source of compounds with antioxidant activity. This study investigated the chemical composition of aqueous extracts of coffee beans residual press cake (AE), their antioxidant activity, and the effect of topical application on the skin wound healing, in animal model, of hydrogels containing the AE, chlorogenic acid (CGA), allantoin (positive control), and carbopol (negative control). The treatments' performance was compared by measuring the reduction of the wound area, with superior result (p < 0.05) for the green coffee AE (78.20%) with respect to roasted coffee AE (53.71%), allantoin (70.83%), and carbopol (23.56%). CGA hydrogels reduced significantly the wound area size on the inflammatory phase, which may be associated with the well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of that compound. The topic use of the coffee AE studied improved the skin wound healing and points to an interesting biotechnological application of the coffee bean residual press cake.

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This data article is referred to the research article entitled The role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration by Uarrota et al. (2015). Food Chemistry 197, Part A, 737-746. The stress duo to PPD of cassava roots leads to the formation of ROS which are extremely harmful and accelerates cassava spoiling. To prevent or alleviate injuries from ROS, plants have evolved antioxidant systems that include non-enzymatic and enzymatic defence systems such as ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and polysaccharides. In this data article can be found a dataset called "newdata", in RData format, with 60 observations and 06 variables. The first 02 variables (Samples and Cultivars) and the last 04, spectrophotometric data of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, tocopherol, total proteins and arcsined data of cassava PPD scoring. For further interpretation and analysis in R software, a report is also provided. Means of all variables and standard deviations are also provided in the Supplementary tables ("data.long3.RData, data.long4.RData and meansEnzymes.RData"), raw data of PPD scoring without transformation (PPDmeans.RData) and days of storage (days.RData) are also provided for data analysis reproducibility in R software.

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BACKGROUND: Under postharvest physiological deterioration cassava root tubers alter the expression of biosynthetic pathways of certain primary and secondary metabolites, as well as the activity of some scavenging enzymes. Therefore, in this study we hypothesized that cassava cultivars differ as to their physiological responses to deterioration and their biochemical profiles can be an indicative of the tolerance or susceptibility to deterioration. RESULTS: The results corroborate the working hypothesis, revealing that high Levels of phenolic acids, scopoletin, carotenoids, proteins, and augmented activities of guaiacol peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide in non-stored cassava roots can be used as potential biomarkers of cassava deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: Cassava physiological deterioration depends on cultivar and many compounds are up and downregulated during storage time. Secondary metabolites, enzymes, scopoletin, scavenging reactive oxygen species, and acidic polysaccharides are activated as responses to the physiological stress induced in root tubers.

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Cassava roots are an important source of dietary and industrial carbohydrates and suffer markedly from postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). This paper deals with metabolomics combined with chemometric tools for screening the chemical and enzymatic composition in several genotypes of cassava roots during PPD. Metabolome analyses showed increases in carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, reactive scavenging species, and enzymes (superoxide dismutase family, hydrogen peroxide, and catalase) until 3-5days postharvest. PPD correlated negatively with phenolics and carotenoids and positively with anthocyanins and flavonoids. Chemometric tools such as principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and support vector machines discriminated well cassava samples and enabled a good prediction of samples. Hierarchical clustering analyses grouped samples according to their levels of PPD and chemical compositions.

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