RESUMO
Between 1970 and 1975, the incidence of new Schistosoma mansoni infections was reduced in 5 villages after each household was provided with its individual water supply and community laundry shower units were made available. In 1975, 1976, and 1977 chemotherapy with oxamniquine was offered to persons found to be infected. Transmission was reduced further and remained at a low level for the next 4 years, with no sign of an increase in spite of the reservoir of infection remaining after therapy and a poor level of sanitation in the villages.Thus, properly maintained water supplies appear to be effective in maintaining transmission at a low level during the maintenance phase of a schistosomiasis control programme, after chemotherapy. Sporadic new infections must be anticipated among children, but these will probably be of low intensity and associated with minimal morbidity.
Assuntos
Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxamniquine/uso terapêutico , Saneamento , Schistosoma mansoni , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
Individual households in five settlements were provided with piped water in a pilot scheme to investigate the effect on transmission of S. mansoni in St Lucia. Nearby comparison settlements, in the same valley, were provided with water through a public standpipe system. The incidence of S. mansoni infection among children decreased in the experimental area, leading to lower prevalence rates and lower intensity of infection in all age groups. Over the study period, indices of infection increased in the comparison settlements, but by the end of the period development was making those settlements less suitable for comparison purposes and some reduction in transmission was occurring.The changes in human infection rates were reflected in the results of studies with sentinel snails. In the experimental area, infection rates gradually fell owing to reduced water contact and consequently less contamination of the river and its banks, and possibly to the gradual reduction in contamination potential of the community with reduced prevalence and intensity of infection. It is suggested that a piped water supply be considered as a method of schistosomiasis control, but that the cost should not be debited only to the control of this disease since a clean water supply has other medical and social benefits.
Assuntos
Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose/transmissão , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
Individual households in five settlements were provided with piped water in a pilot scheme to investigate the effect on transmission of S. mansoni in St Lucia. Nearby comparison settlements, in the same valley, were provided with water through a public standpipe system. The incidence of S. mansoni infection among children decreased in the experimental area, leading to lower prevalence rates and lower intensity of infection in all age groups. Over the study period, indices of infection increased in the comparison settlements, but by the end of the period development was making those settlements less suitable for comparison purposes and some reduction in transmission was occurring. The changes in human infection rates were reflected in the results of studies with sentinel snails. In the experimental area, infection rates gradually fell owing to reduced water contact and consequently less contamination of the river and its banks, and possibly to the intensity of infection. It is suggested that a piped water supply be considered as a method of schistosomiasis control, but that the cost should not be debited only to the control of this disease since clean water supply has other medical and social benefits (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose/transmissão , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
As part of a programme to evaluate single control measures for reducing the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni, household water supplies were installed in 5 rural settlements in the Riche Fond Valley of St Lucia. About 2 000 persons who previously were dependent on rivers and streams are now receiving safe water at their homes. The systems provide useful design data on individual water requirements in rural areas. This experience suggests that future rural water systems can be designed more economically and efficiently by using consumption rates that are closer to the actual requirements and by eliminating water wastage at the taps.
Assuntos
Habitação , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água , Animais , Humanos , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
As an experimental control measure to reduce the transmission of S. mansoni, an individual household water supply was provided in 400 houses in 5 rural settlements of the Riche Fond Valley, St Lucia. This population of about 2 000 had previously been dependent for water on infective streams and rivers. Six other settlements in the valley, all provided with limited piped water from public standpipes, served as the comparison area. After 2 years the incidence, prevalence, and intensity of infection with S. mansoni were significantly lower in the household water supply area, whereas all these indices of infection had increased in the comparison area. An adequate, reliable, and convenient supply of water can reduce the transmission of S. mansoni and should be considered as a control measure in other endemic areas.
Assuntos
Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água , Adolescente , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Habitação , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Esquistossomose/transmissão , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
As an experimental control measure to reduce the transmission of S. mansoni, an individual household water supply was provided in 400 houses in 5 rural settlements of the Riche Fond Valley, St. Lucia. This population of about 2000 had previously been dependent for water on infective streams and rivers. Six other settlements in the valley, all provided with limited piped water from public standpipes, served as the comparison area. After 2 years the incidence, prevalence, and intensity of infection with S. mansoni were significantly lower in the household water supply area, whereas all these indices of infection had increased in the comparision area. An aqueduct, reliable, and convenient supply of water can reduce the transmission of S. mansoni and should be considered as a control measure in other endemic areas. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , 21003 , Masculino , Feminino , Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água , Schistosoma mansoni , Habitação , Esquistossomose/transmissão , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
As part of a programmme to evaluate single control measures for reducing the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni, household water supplies were installed in 5 rural settlements in the Riche Fond Valley of St. Lucia. About 2000 persons who previously were dependent on rivers and streams are now receiving safe water at their homes. The systems provide useful design data on individual water requirements in rural areas. This experience suggests that future rural water systems can be designed more economically and efficiently by using consumption rates that are closer to the actual requirements and by eliminating water wastage at the taps. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , 21003 , Habitação , Schistosoma mansoni , Esquistossomose/prevenção & controle , Abastecimento de Água , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
Water supplies are being installed in an area where there is a high prevalence of S. mansoni in an endeavour to determine the efficacy of this method of schistosomiasis control. The rural water system incorporates the supply of water to each household, laundry and shower units, and a simple swimming pool. In the first settlement in which water has been made available, post-control water contact studies show that compared with pre-control data, contact with natural water bodies has been reduced by approximately 80 percent. Further studies are being made to obtain parasitological evidence that this is reducing the incidence and prevalence of S. mansoni (AU)