RESUMO
Our aim was to identify the relationship between mozzarella cheese yield and buffalo milk composition, processing factors, and recovery of whey constituents. A production of 30 batches of mozzarella cheese at a dairy industry in northeast Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) was monitored between March and November 2015. Mozzarella yield and 32 other variables were observed for each batch, and divided into 3 groups: milk composition variables (12); variables involved in the cheesemaking process (14); and variables for recovery of whey constituents (6). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis. Most of the correlations between milk composition variables and between the variables of the manufacturing processes were not significant. Significant correlations were mostly observed between variables for recovery of whey constituents. Yield only showed significant correlation with time elapsed between curd cuttings and age of the starter culture, and it showed greater association with age of the starter culture, time elapsed between curd cuttings, and during stretching, as well as with milk pH and density. Thus, processing factors and milk characteristics are closely related to dairy efficiency in mozzarella manufacturing.
Assuntos
Queijo , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Manipulação de Alimentos , Leite/química , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/análise , Animais , Brasil , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Fatores de Tempo , Soro do LeiteRESUMO
Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do feno de capim tifton pela casca de mamona, 0, 33, 66 e 100% na dieta de ovinos, sobre o peso e rendimento dos componentes não constituintes da carcaça e o rendimento de buchada e panelada. Vinte e oito animais não castrados, com sete meses de idade e peso inicial médio de 19,5±2,45kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e sete repetições, e abatidos após 70 dias de confinamento. Houve decréscimo linear nos pesos da língua (0,084 a 0,079kg), traqueia+pulmão (0,50 a 0,42kg), coração (0,14 a 0,12kg), timo (0,035 a 0,025kg), rins (0,100 a 0,088kg) e peso total dos órgãos (2,14 a 1,90kg) de acordo com o percentual de substituição. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado para os pesos do esôfago (0,051 a 0,045kg), rúmen-retículo (0,73 a 0,64kg), intestino delgado (0,78 a 0,64kg) e total de vísceras (2,17 a 1,92kg). Para os pesos da cabeça (1,99 a 1,66kg), patas (0,86 a 0,73kg), pele (2,49 a 1,99kg), sangue (1,36 a 1,19kg) e total de subprodutos (7,12 a 5,96kg) verificou-se efeito linear negativo de acordo com a substituição. O mesmo foi observado para os pesos de buchada (4,71 a 4,22kg) e panelada (7,55 a 6,61kg). A casca de mamona não deve substituir o feno de capim tifton na dieta de ovinos por causar decréscimo no peso de órgãos, vísceras e subprodutos e influenciar negativamente os pesos e rendimentos de buchada e panelada.
The effects of replacing tifton hay with 0, 33, 66 and 100% of castor bean hulls in the diet of sheep on the non-carcass components of weight and dressing and on the "buchada" and "panelada" yield were evaluated in this research. Twenty-eight non castrated sheep averaging seven months of age and with initial weight of 19.5±2.45kg were assigned to a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates, and were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. A linear decrease of tongue (0.084 to 0.079kg), trachea + lungs (0.50 to 0.42kg), heart (0.14 to 0.12kg), thymus (0.035 to 0.025kg), kidneys (0.100 to 0.088kg) weights and total weight of organs (2.14 to 1.90kg) was observed. The same behavior was observed for the esophagus (0.051 to 0.045kg), rumen-reticulum (0.73 to 0.64kg), small intestine (0.78 to 0.64kg) and total viscera (2.17 to 1.92kg) weights. There was a linear effect for the head (1.99 to 1.66kg), feet (0.86 to 0.73kg), skin (2.49 to 1.99kg), blood (1.36 to 1.19kg) and total by-products (7.12 to 5.96kg) weights according to the treatments and also for "buchada" (4.71 to 4.22kg) and "panelada" (7.55 to 6.61kg) weights. Castor bean hulls should not replace tifton hay because it decreases the weight of organs, viscera and by-products and adversely affects the "buchada" and "panelada" weight and dressing.
Assuntos
Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Ricinus/efeitos adversos , Ovinos , Ração Animal , VíscerasRESUMO
Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do feno de capim tifton pela casca de mamona, 0, 33, 66 e 100% na dieta de ovinos, sobre o peso e rendimento dos componentes não constituintes da carcaça e o rendimento de buchada e panelada. Vinte e oito animais não castrados, com sete meses de idade e peso inicial médio de 19,5±2,45kg, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e sete repetições, e abatidos após 70 dias de confinamento. Houve decréscimo linear nos pesos da língua (0,084 a 0,079kg), traqueia+pulmão (0,50 a 0,42kg), coração (0,14 a 0,12kg), timo (0,035 a 0,025kg), rins (0,100 a 0,088kg) e peso total dos órgãos (2,14 a 1,90kg) de acordo com o percentual de substituição. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado para os pesos do esôfago (0,051 a 0,045kg), rúmen-retículo (0,73 a 0,64kg), intestino delgado (0,78 a 0,64kg) e total de vísceras (2,17 a 1,92kg). Para os pesos da cabeça (1,99 a 1,66kg), patas (0,86 a 0,73kg), pele (2,49 a 1,99kg), sangue (1,36 a 1,19kg) e total de subprodutos (7,12 a 5,96kg) verificou-se efeito linear negativo de acordo com a substituição. O mesmo foi observado para os pesos de buchada (4,71 a 4,22kg) e panelada (7,55 a 6,61kg). A casca de mamona não deve substituir o feno de capim tifton na dieta de ovinos por causar decréscimo no peso de órgãos, vísceras e subprodutos e influenciar negativamente os pesos e rendimentos de buchada e panelada.(AU)
The effects of replacing tifton hay with 0, 33, 66 and 100% of castor bean hulls in the diet of sheep on the non-carcass components of weight and dressing and on the "buchada" and "panelada" yield were evaluated in this research. Twenty-eight non castrated sheep averaging seven months of age and with initial weight of 19.5±2.45kg were assigned to a randomized block design with four treatments and seven replicates, and were slaughtered after 70 days of confinement. A linear decrease of tongue (0.084 to 0.079kg), trachea + lungs (0.50 to 0.42kg), heart (0.14 to 0.12kg), thymus (0.035 to 0.025kg), kidneys (0.100 to 0.088kg) weights and total weight of organs (2.14 to 1.90kg) was observed. The same behavior was observed for the esophagus (0.051 to 0.045kg), rumen-reticulum (0.73 to 0.64kg), small intestine (0.78 to 0.64kg) and total viscera (2.17 to 1.92kg) weights. There was a linear effect for the head (1.99 to 1.66kg), feet (0.86 to 0.73kg), skin (2.49 to 1.99kg), blood (1.36 to 1.19kg) and total by-products (7.12 to 5.96kg) weights according to the treatments and also for "buchada" (4.71 to 4.22kg) and "panelada" (7.55 to 6.61kg) weights. Castor bean hulls should not replace tifton hay because it decreases the weight of organs, viscera and by-products and adversely affects the "buchada" and "panelada" weight and dressing.(AU)