RESUMO
Vanadium (V) is a transition metal found in air adsorbed onto suspended particles. As a result, urban populations are often exposed to this element as a constituent of particulate matter (PM). One aspect of the myriad toxicities that might arise from these exposures is altered immune responses. Previous reports from the laboratory reported modifications in splenic architecture - with germinal center hyperplasia and a suppressed humoral immune response - in mice that had been exposed to vanadium agents via inhalation. This paper reports a decrease in the presence of the CD11c surface marker on mouse thymic dendritic cells (DC) as a result of host exposure to vanadium (here, in the form of vanadium pentoxide; V(2)O(5)) over a period of 4 weeks. All results were obtained using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. It is surmised that this decrease might induce a dysfunction, including possible negative selection of T-cells, which could increase the presence of autoreactive clones in the exposed host. Such an outcome could, in turn, increase the risk for development of autoimmune reactions in different organs specifically, and of autoimmune diseases in general in these V-exposed hosts.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Doenças Autoimunes/etiologia , Antígeno CD11c/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Timo/efeitos dos fármacos , Vanádio/efeitos adversos , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Separação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Regulação para Baixo , Citometria de Fluxo , Inalação , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Timo/imunologiaRESUMO
There is an increased concern about the health effects that air-suspended particles have on human health which have been dissected in animal models. Using CD-1 mouse, we explore the effects that vanadium inhalation produce in different tissues and organs. Our findings support the systemic effects of air pollution. In this paper, we describe our findings in different organs in our conditions and contrast our results with the literature.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/toxicidade , Vanádio/toxicidade , Animais , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Simples , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/patologia , Inalação , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/patologia , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/patologiaRESUMO
Mammalian Langerhans cells (LC) are epidermal dendritic cells which originate in bone marrow and migrate toward the T cell area of lymph nodes, where they act as professional antigen-presenting cells. A variety of cell surface markers, such as the ectoenzyme adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Ia and CDla antigens, have been used extensively to identify LC. Ultrastructural identification of this cell type in the mammalian epidermis is made by the demonstration of a typical and unique cytoplasmic organelle, the Birbeck granule (BG). Although we had earlier demonstrated the coexpression of ATPase and Ia antigens on epidermal dendritic cells of the chicken epidermis, the presence of the BG has not previously been documented. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chicken epidermal LC-like cells possess an organelle similar to the BG, and thus to complete their identification. Our findings are the first demonstration of characteristic rod-shaped, racket-shaped and disc-shaped intracytoplasmic organelles, morphologically similar to the mammalian BG, in avian LC.