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La incidencia de la hernia inguinal a lo largo de la vida es variable, pero con una mayor prevalencia en los hombres. Hoy en día no existe una técnica superior en términos de reducir el dolor postoperatorio crónico, que es la mayor morbilidad que afecta a los pacientes. Es por eso que realizamos un breve análisis comparativo, donde evaluamos la incidencia de dolor crónico entre el ensayo convencional versus laparoscópico de la patología de la hernia

The incidence of inguinal hernia throughout life is variable, but with a higher prevalence in males. Today there is no superior technique in terms of reducing chronic postoperative pain, which is the greatest morbidity that afflicts patients. That is why we carried out a brief comparative analysis, where we evaluated the incidence of chronic pain between conventional versus laparoscopic rehearsal of hernia pathology

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Background: It is widely established that the extraction of impaled objects should be carried out under direct vision. In the case of stable patients, endoscopic vision can be used as an alternative. Clinical Case: A 70-year-old male is admitted for a 5-hour impaled precordial stab wound. Evolution valued according to ATLS standards. Clinically and hemodynamically compensated patient. On physical examination: left pulmonary hypoventilation, subcutaneous emphysema, no jugular engorgement. Control of vital signs: TA: 110 / 70mmHg, FC: 70min, FR: 20min, Sat02: 97%. Complementary studies: ECO FAST: no pericardial fluid. Rx thorax: mild left pneumothorax heme. Chest CT: Puncture object of 18 cm in the left lung of AP and medial to the lateral path, hematoma of the angle, and hemopneumothorax grade I. Surgery: Patient in dorsal recumbency, under ARM with selective intubation. An incision in 5th left intercostal space, middle axillary line. 10mm trocar placement, 30 ° optics introduction. After discarding the commitment of the pericardium, active bleeding, and observing that the end of the weapon was going through the end of the angle, the weapon is removed under endoscopic vision. Clot washing/aspiration. Verification of hemostasis, absence of air leakage and pulmonary expansion. Drainage with 28 French tubes. Evolution: Derived from UTI extubated. CT scan thorax 72 h post: small intraparenchymal hematoma left, expanded lung. Minimum serohematic debit. Pleural tube and definitive discharge are removed on the 4th post-surgical day. Discussion: The literature suggests in the urgency, the removal of impaled objects under direct vision of the compromised structures. However, in stable patients, the previous study with CT should be unavoidable. Video-thoracoscopy in these wounded can avoid open surgery, but the procedure must be performed in trauma reference centers, with the appropriate means and by a trained surgical team willing to perform an emergency thoracotomy

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Resumen Clostridium spp. es un bacilo grampositivos, anaerobio, formador de esporas y ampliamente distribuido en el ambiente. Las infecciones por Clostridium perfringens en neonatos son en extremo raras. La sepsis grave por anaerobios, incluyendo el choque séptico, es un evento clínico inusual en este grupo de pacientes. Se reportan dos casos de bacteriemia por C. perfringens asociados a choque séptico fulminante en recién nacidos con enterocolitis necrosante grave.

Abstract Clostridium species are anaerobic, spore, forming gram-positive bacteria that are widely spread in the environment. Clostridium perfringens infections in neonates are extremely rare. Severe anaerobic sepsis, including septic shock, is an unusual clinical event in this group of patients. We highlight two cases of C. perfringens bacteremia associated with fulminant septic shock in neonates with severe necrotizing enterocolitis.

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SUMMARY: Locally advanced disease with larynx invasion is a challenge to the surgeon, but laryngectomy is almost never necessary in thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to review the clinical outcomes of patients with locally advanced thyroid carcinoma invading the larynx who underwent laryngectomy. A case series of patients treated in a tertiary care hospital was reviewed. Data about the type of operation, method of reconstruction, complications and overall survival of 16 patients operated on between 2002 and 2015 with larynx invasion is presented. There were 10 females. The mean age was 63 ± 8.8 years. Besides total thyroidectomy and neck dissection, four patients underwent total pharyngolaryngectomy, 11 total laryngectomy and one hemi-laryngectomy. Reconstruction was made with regional flaps in 10 patients (7 pectoral/Bakamjian flaps and 3 gastric pull-through procedures) and a jejunum free flap in one patient. Two patients needed carotid artery reconstruction. Five tumours were classic (conventional) papillary carcinoma variants, while the others were aggressive histological varieties (insular, tall cell, sclerosing). The mean tumour size was 4.3 ± 1.6 cm. All tumours had lymphovascular invasion and 12 had positive lymph nodes. Concomitantly, oesophageal/hypopharyngeal invasion was present in 7 cases and invasion of carotid vessels in 2 cases. There were two postoperative deaths and two anastomotic leaks that were treated conservatively. The mean overall survival was 31 ± 33 months (median 27.6 months, range 0-120). Laryngectomy is an alternative surgical procedure to control selected cases of advanced thyroid carcinoma that offers good local control and long term survival.

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The use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) has been assessed in different studies over the last years, with conflicting results regarding its efficacy in sicca syndrome and extraglandular manifestations (EGM). The goal of this study was to compare the incidence rate of EGM in pSS patients with and without HCQ therapy.We performed a multicenter retrospective study, including patients with pSS (European classification criteria) with at least 1 year of follow-up. Subjects with concomitant fibromyalgia, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis were excluded. Demographics and pSS characteristics were recorded. The EGM were defined by EULAR-SS disease activity index (ESSDAI). Patients were divided into two groups according to their use or not of HCQ therapy. We evaluated the use of HCQ and its relationship to EGM. HCQ therapy was defined as the continuous use of the drug for at least 3 months. A descriptive analysis of demographics and pSS characteristics was performed. We compared the incidence of EGM between groups defined by HCQ therapy using chi2 test or Fisher's exact test. A total of 221 patients were included (97.3% women), mean age, 55.7 years (SD 14). Mean age at diagnosis, 48.8 years (SD 15); median disease duration, 60 months (IQR 35-84). One hundred and seventy patients (77%) received HCQ. About half of the patients had at least one EGM during the course of the disease, 20% of them developed an EGM before the onset of the sicca syndrome and 26% simultaneously with dryness symptom. Overall, EGM were less frequent in those on HCQ therapy (36.5% vs 63.5%, p < 0.001). Considering each EGM individually, the following manifestations were more frequent in the non-treated group: arthritis (p < 0.001), fatigue (p < 0.001), purpura (p = 0.01), Raynaud phenomenon (p = 0.003), and hypergammaglobulinemia (p = 0.006). Immunosuppressive treatment was indicated on 28 patients (12.7%), 13 of which were receiving also HCQ. The first reason for those treatments was the presence of arthritis in 12/28 patients (42.8%), and the drug used in all the cases was methotrexate. Only three patients required immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide, due to the presence of glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and interstitial lung disease. None of the patients received biologic therapy. The lower incidence of EGM was observed in patients on HCQ therapy supports its efficacy in pSS. However, further large scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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La existencia de foros clínicos y redes sociales de pacientes que intercambian información sobre su enfermedad y tratamiento, sitios web con información especializada en patologías y en lenguaje accesible al público en general, entre otros cambios, han modificado la asimetría de información que hace que la gente consulte los servicios de salud. Si se tienen en cuenta estas nuevas posibilidades virtuales, la escasez del personal de salud y los demás factores contemplados, la telesalud tiene todas las posibilidades en el futuro inmediato. El propósito de esta revisión es identificar el uso de la telesalud como estrategia para superar barreras de acceso, disponibilidad y oportunidad de servicio para el binomio materno fetal. Para establecer conceptos se retoman definiciones de informática biomédica, e-salud, telesalud, telemedicina y teleeducación. Es preciso evaluar los modelos de telesalud para el cuidado del binomio materno fetal con el fin de identificar las lecciones aprendidas y factores de éxito necesarios para nuevas implementaciones de modelos. Dentro de las tecnologías aplicadas se encuentran medios masivos de comunicación, teléfono convencional, celular, mensajes de texto, internet, videoconferencias, correo electrónico, ultrasonido y ecocardiografía fetal. Después de evaluar las experiencias se encuentran ventajas como: adherencia a tratamientos, aumento de la cobertura y en la capacidad de detección temprana de acontecimientos, entre otras. Dentro de las desventajas: problemática de cobertura de internet y de señal de celular, y resistencia al uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC). En cuanto a los aspectos económicos, no hay pruebas concluyentes de que la telemedicina y la teleasistencia son rentables en comparación con la atención tradicional de la salud. Sin embargo, la evidencia sugiere que la telesalud en el hogar tiene el potencial de reducir costos, pero su impacto, desde una perspectiva social, es incierto mientras no se disponga de estudios de mayor calidad. El uso de las tecnologías de telemedicina a través del tiempo (monitoreo remoto fetal, ultrasonido, y teleconsultas) ha dado lugar a una marcada reducción en la mortalidad perinatal en comparación con un grupo equivalente de pacientes obstétricas con estrategias tradicionales.

The existence of clinical forums, social networks where patients exchange information about their disease and treatment, web sites specializing in diseases and accessible to the general public language, among many other changes have modified, at least in part, information asymmetry that makes people visit health services. Taking into account these new virtual possibilities, the shortage of health personnel, and other factors referred to, telehealth has every chance in the near future. The purpose of this review is to identify the use of telehealth as a strategy to overcome some of the barriers to access, availability, and timeliness of service for the maternal-fetal binomial. To establish concepts, definitions are taken from biomedical informatics, e-health, telehealth, telemedicine, and tele-education. It is important to evaluate the different models of telehealth care of the maternal-fetal binomial in order to identify lessons learned and success factors necessary for new implementations of models. The technologies applied include mass media, conventional phone, cell phone, text messaging, internet, video conferencing, e-mail, ultrasound, and fetal echocardiography. After evaluating the experiences, advantages included adherence to treatment, increased coverage, and increased capacity for early detection of events, among others. The disadvantages identified involved problems with internet coverage and poor cell phone signal, and resistance to the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). With regard to costs, there is no conclusive evidence that telemedicine interventions and telecare are cost-effective compared to traditional health care. However, current evidence suggests that home telehealth has the potential to reduce costs, but its impact from a social perspective remains uncertain pending the availability of higher quality studies. The general use of telemedicine technologies over time (remote fetal monitoring, ultrasound, and teleconsultation) has resulted in a marked reduction in perinatal mortality when compared to an equivalent group of obstetric patients receiving traditional treatment.

A existência de foros clínicos e redes sociais de pacientes que intercambiam informação sobre sua doença e tratamento, páginas web com informação especializada em patologias e em linguagem acessível ao público em geral, entre outras mudanças, hão modificado a assimetria de informação que faz que as pessoas consulte os serviços de saúde. Se se tem em conta estas novas possibilidades virtuais, a escassez de pessoal de saúde e os demais fatores contemplados, a tele-saúde têm todas as possibilidades no futuro imediato. O propósito desta revisão é identificar o uso da tele-saúde como estratégia para superar barreiras de acesso, disponibilidade e oportunidade de serviço para o binômio materno fetal. Para estabelecer conceitos se retomam definições de informática biomédica, e-saúde, tele-saúde, tele-medicina tele-educação. É necessário avaliar os modelos de tele-saúde para o cuidado do binômio materno fetal com o fim de identificar as lições aprendidas e fatores de sucesso necessários para novas implementações de modelos. Dentro das tecnologias aplicadas se encontram meios massivos de comunicação, telefone convencional, celular, mensagens de texto, internet, videoconferências, correio electrônico, ultrassom e ecocardiografia fetal. Depois de avaliar as experiências se encontra vantagens como: aderência a tratamentos, aumento da cobertura e na capacidade de detecção precoce de acontecimentos, entre outras. Dentro das desvantagens: problemática de cobertura de internet e de sinal de celular, e resistência ao uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Enquanto aos aspectos económicos, não há provas concluintes de que a tele-medicina e a teleassistência são rentáveis em comparação com a atenção tradicional da saúde. Mas, a evidência sugere que a tele-saúde no lar tem o potencial de reduzir custos, mas seu impacto, desde uma perspectiva social, é incerto enquanto não se disponha de estudos de maior qualidade. O uso das tecnologias de tele-medicina através do tempo (monitoração remoto fetal, ultrassom, e tele-consultas) há dado lugar a uma marcada redução na mortalidade perinatal em comparação com um grupo equivalente de pacientes obstétricas com estratégias tradicionais.

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El carcinoma escamocelular intraóseo primario mandibular se encuentra, de acuerdo con la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, dentro de los carcinomas odontogénicos. Se trata de una neoplasia poco común, con una relación hombre:mujer de 3,5:1 y una mayor frecuencia de presentación entre la quinta y la sexta década de vida. Su localización más común es en la región posteroinferior mandibular, siendo localmente agresivo, con metástasis a ganglios linfáticos regionales. Debido a que su comportamiento es intraóseo y a que no presenta lesiones iniciales intraorales, su diagnóstico clínico es difícil, durando largos periodos sin que se sospeche su presencia. Confirmar su diagnóstico requiere de un estudio anatomopatológico que detecte la presencia de células epiteliales carcinomatosas intraóseas. Imagenológicamente se evidencia como una lesión quística atípica, mal definida en la mayoría de los casos, radiolúcida y con osteolisis. El tratamiento de elección, con fines curativos, es la realización de una exéresis con amplios márgenes de seguridad oncológica y una posterior cirugía reconstructiva. Se presenta en este artículo el caso de un paciente de 31 años de edad con un carcinoma escamocelular intraóseo primario de la mandíbula tipo sólido, al que se le realizó una resección mandibular derecha en bloque, seguida de cirugías reconstructivas hasta obtener un adecuado resultado funcional y estético...

The primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible is classified by the World Health Organization within the odontogenic carcinomas. It is a rare disease. Epidemiologically the male: female ratio is 3,5:1. The highest incidence is in the fifth and sixth decades of life. The most affected area is the posteroinferior mandibular region. It is a locally aggressive tumor that metastasizes to regional lymph nodes. The clinical diagnosis is difficult, because their behavior is intraosseous so it can last long periods of time before the diagnosis is made. It requires a pathological study which detects the presence of intraoseus carcinomatous epithelial cells. Imaging shows a radiolucent lesion with osteolysis in the form of atypical cystic lesions poorly defined in most cases. The treatment of choice for curative purposes is to provide an excision with wide safety margins and subsequent reconstructive surgery. We present a 31 years old patient with a primary mandibular intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (solid type), whose treatment consisted of an en bloc resection and right mandibular reconstructive surgeries to obtain an adequate functional and aesthetic result...

O carcinoma de preliminar intrabony escamocelular a mandibular está, no acordo com a classificação da organização World-wide da saúde, dentro dos carcinomas dos odontogénicos. Neoplasia é um pouco comum, com um homem da relação: mulher de 3,5:1 e uma freqüência mais grande da apresentação entre a quinta e sexta década da vida. Sua posição mais comum está na região do posteroinferior a mandibular, sendo localmente aggressive, com o metástasis ao ganglia lymphatic regional. Porque seu comportamento é intrabony e àquele não se apresentar/exposição os ferimentos iniciais intraoral, seu diagnóstico clínico é períodos longos difíceis, durando sem sua presença é suspeitado. Confirmar seu diagnóstico requer de um estudo do anatomopatológico que detecte a presença de pilhas epithelial dos carcinomatosas intrabony. Imagenológicamente é demonstrado como um ferimento atypical do quística, bad definido em a maioria dos casos, radiolúcida e com o osteolisis no formulário do L. O tratamento da eleição, com alvos dos curativos, é a realização de um exéresis com margens de segurança amplas do oncológica e uma cirurgia mais atrasada do reconstructiva. O exemplo de um paciente de 31 anos de idade com um carcinoma aparece neste artigo de preliminar intrabony escamocelular do tipo contínuo da maxila, a que um resección lhe foi feito à direita mandibular no bloco, seguido de cirurgias dos reconstructivas até obter um resultado funcional e aesthetic apropriado...

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Teniendo en cuenta que el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá es uno de los centros asistenciales del país más importante en el manejo del trauma de guerra, incluyendo el trauma facial, en este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente de 21 años de edad remitido a esta institución por un trauma panfacial secundario a herida por arma de fuego, cuyo tratamiento consistió en múltiples cirugías reconstructivas para obtener un adecuado resultado funcional y estético. Igualmente se describen los tipos y sitios de heridas por arma de fuego en la región maxilofacial, su manejo inicial, los procedimientos reconstructivos y los resultados de los tratamientos efectuados a pacientes con este tipo de heridas...

Taking into account that the Central Military Hospital of Bogota is one of the most important welfare centers of the country in the handling of war trauma, including facial trauma, we present in this article the case of a 21 year old patient sent to this institution because of pan facial trauma secondary to a gunshot wound, whose treatment consisted of multiple reconstructive surgeries to obtain a suitable functional and aesthetic result. Also described are the types and sites of gunshot wounds in the maxillofacial region, their initial handling, the reconstructive procedures and the results of the given treatments to patients with this type of wounds...

Dado que o Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá é um dos Hospitais do país mais importante no tratamento de traumas de guerra, incluindo trauma facial, este artigo apresenta o caso de um doente de 21 anos encaminhado a esta instituição devido a traumatismo panfacial por ferida por arma de fogo, cujo tratamento consistiu em múltiplas cirurgias reconstrutivas para obter um resultado estético e funcional adequado. Também descreve os tipos e locais dos ferimentos por arma de fogo na região maxilo-facial, seu tratamento inicial, os processos de reconstrução e os resultados dos tratamentos realizados em pacientes com este tipo de feridas...

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Here, we investigate the evolutionary history and pattern of genetic divergence in the Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) sibling species complex, a model for sympatric speciation via host plant shifting, using 11 anonymous nuclear genes and mtDNA. We report that DNA sequence results largely coincide with those of previous allozyme studies. Rhagoletis cornivora was basal in the complex, distinguished by fixed substitutions at all loci. Gene trees did not provide reciprocally monophyletic relationships among US populations of R. pomonella, R. mendax, R. zephyria and the undescribed flowering dogwood fly. However, private alleles were found for these taxa for certain loci. We discuss the implications of the results with respect to identifiable genetic signposts (stages) of speciation, the mosaic nature of genomic differentiation distinguishing formative species and a concept of speciation mode plurality involving a biogeographic contribution to sympatric speciation in the R. pomonella complex.

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Background: Factor V Leiden and G20210A mutation of prothrombin gene are two important genetic polymorphisms associated with an increased risk for thrombosis. Aim: To establish the prevalence of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutation in the Chilean population and their association to venous and arterial thromboembolism. Material and methods: A case-control study was conducted where 149 patients with thrombosis (87 with arterial and 62 with venous thrombosis) confirmed by CAT-scan, electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes or Doppler depending on the case, and 160 healthy blood donors were genetically analyzed for the presence of both polymorphisms. Results: Factor V Leiden mutation was found in 5.4% of patients and in 1.3% of healthy controls (p=0.04). Heterozygosity for G20210A prothrombin mutation was found in 5.4% of patients and in 2.5% of the control group (p=NS). When arterial and venous thrombosis were considered as separate entities, 4.6% of patients with arterial thrombosis and 6.5% with venous thrombosis presented factor V Leiden (p=NS). Likewise, 8.1% of patients with venous thrombosis and 3.5% of patients with arterial thrombosis had G20210A prothrombin mutation (p=NS). Conclusions: In non selected consecutive Chilean patients with arterial and venous thrombosis the frequency of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A is less than we could expect from their prevalence in the general population.

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