RESUMO
Considered the symbol fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado, pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) is an exotic and much-appreciated fruit with an internal mesocarp (edible part) with an eye-catching golden yellow color. In an unprecedented way, this study characterized the proteome throughout pequi development. The most influential and essential transcription factors operating in the regulation of pequi ripening identified were members of the MAD-box family. A group of proteins related to the methionine cycle indicates the high consumption and recycling of methionine. However this consumption does not occur mainly for the biosynthesis of ethylene, a process dependent on methionine consumption. In the bioactive compounds presented, different proteins could be correlated with the presence of these phytochemicals, such as monodehydroascorbate reductase and ascorbate peroxidase in ascorbic acid recycling; pyruvate kinase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase and phytoene synthase with carotenoid biosynthesis; S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1 as a donor of methyl groups in the formation of trigonelline and aspartate aminotransferase as a biomarker of initial regulation of the trigonelline biosynthetic pathway; phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chorismate synthesis and chalcone-flavononone isomerase in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. Among the volatile organic compounds identified, the majority compound in pequi was ethyl hexanoate ester, with an area of 50.68 % in the ripe fruit, and in this group of esters that was the most representative, alcohol dehydrogenase, a fundamental enzyme in the synthesis of esters, was identified with an increase of approximately 7.2 times between the first and last stages. Therefore, an extensive group of proteins and some metabolites can serve as biomarkers of ripening in pequi, as most were more expressed in the last stage, which is the ripe fruit suitable for consumption.
Assuntos
Frutas , Metaboloma , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteoma , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/metabolismo , Proteoma/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de PlantasRESUMO
The agri-food industry generates substantial waste, leading to significant environmental impacts. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonnerat), which is rich in bioactive compounds in its peel, pulp, and seeds, offers an opportunity for waste use. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a high-carbohydrate diet with varying levels of lychee peel flour on lipid metabolism biomarkers and oxidative stress in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. A total of 225 zebrafish, approximately four months old, were divided into five groups: control, high-carbohydrate (HC), HC2%, HC4%, and HC6%. The study did not find significant differences in the growth performance of zebrafish in any group. However, the HC6% group exhibited a significant decrease in glucose and triglyceride levels compared with the HC group. Furthermore, this group showed enhanced activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), along with reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Increased antioxidant activity was also evidenced by DPPH-, ABTS+, and ß-carotene/Linoleic acid assays in the HC6% group. A positive correlation was identified between SOD/CAT activity and in vitro antioxidant assays. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with 6% lychee peel flour can significantly modulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant activity in zebrafish.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Litchi , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Peixe-Zebra/metabolismo , Litchi/metabolismo , Farinha , Estresse Oxidativo , Dieta , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/farmacologia , Carboidratos/farmacologia , Glucose/farmacologiaRESUMO
A water deficit can negatively impact fruit yield and quality, affecting critical physiological processes. Strategies to mitigate water deficits are crucial to global food security. Iodine (I) may increase the efficiency of the antioxidant system of plants, but its role against water deficits is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of I in attenuating water deficits and improving fruit quality, investigating whether metabolic responses are derived from a "priming effect" or stress relief during water deficits. Tomato plants were exposed to different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI) via a nutrient solution and subjected to a water deficit. A water deficit in tomatoes without KI reduced their yield by 98%. However, a concentration of 100 µM of KI increased the yield under a water deficit by 28%. This condition is correlated with increased antioxidant activity, photosynthetic efficiency improvement, and malondialdehyde reduction. In addition, the concentration of 100 µM of KI promoted better fruit quality through antioxidant capacity and a decline in the maturation index. Therefore, KI can be an alternative for attenuating water deficits in tomatoes, inducing positive responses during the water deficit period while at the same time improving fruit quality.
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The purpose of this paper was to develop and characterize pumpkin pulp flour (Cucurbita moschata) and pequi peel flour (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) in order to evaluate their nutritional and functional potential for the development of healthier products. The flours were developed and characterized by proximal composition, sodium, total sugars, phenolic compounds and carotenoids content, and in vitro antioxidant capacity by ABTS, FRAP and ß-carotene/linoleic acid system methods. The means and the standard deviations were calculated for all data. Pearson correlation analysis between phenolics and antioxidant activities results was carried out, using SPSS Statistics 17.0 software. The pumpkin pulp flour presented high levels of dietary fiber (21.95 g/100 g), total sugars (51.88 g/100 g), protein (11.08 g/100 g) and carotenoids (249.04 µg/g), low levels of sodium (27.28 mg/100 g), and high antioxidant capacity by the ß-carotene/linoleic acid system (73.00% protection). The pequi peel flour presented high levels of dietary fiber (42.09 g/100 g) and phenolic compounds (20,893.73 mg GAE/100 g), low levels of sodium (22.84 mg/100 g), and high antioxidant capacity by ABTS (2105.18 µM trolox/g), FRAP (6292.11 µM ferrous sulfate/g) and ß-carotene/linoleic acid system (92.94% protection) methods. Both flours can be used for the development of healthy foods.
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Abstract Maroleiro (Annona crassiflora Mart), belonging to the family of Annonaceae is a typical specie of the Cerrado and has occurred in most states. For fruit characteristics "sui generis", with significant nutritional value. This study aimed to characterize the marolo (Anonna crasiflora Mart) during fruit development, through the evaluation of its proximal and mineral composition. The fruits 2012/2013 season, were picked to 12Km from the city of Itumirim, southern Minas Gerais, in intervals of 20 days from anthesis to maturity, and the first fruits were harvested 60 days after anthesis. The flowering marolo began in late September 2012, with fruiting initially observed at the end of October, with peak production at the end of February and beginning of March 2013 The fruits were harvested in the morning and carried to the laboratory, where followed up the moisture, ether extract, protein, ash, fiber and high sugar fraction beyond mineral quantification of them. During development reductions in moisture content and protein increments of ether extract, crude fiber and high sugar fraction and an oscillation in the mineral along the developmental stages was observed.
RESUMO
This study evaluated the stability of strawberry pulp subjected to three factors, pasteurisation (pasteurised and unpasteurised), freezing method (static air and forced air) and storage time (0, 2, 4 and 6 months). Pasteurisation favoured vitamin C retention during storage but enhanced the total loss of phenolics without affecting anthocyanin levels. Freezing by forced air was more effective in retaining phenolics during the first 4 months of storage, although the freezing method did not affect the anthocyanin levels. Processing and storage reduced the levels of individual phenolics. Freezing by forced air was more effective than static air in retaining antioxidant activity of the pulp. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme levels were relatively stable and independent of pasteurisation, freezing and storage time. Even after 6 months of frozen storage, strawberry pulp is a significant source of nutrients and bioactive compounds and retains high antioxidant capacity independent of pasteurisation and freezing method.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos , Fragaria/química , Congelamento , Pasteurização , Antocianinas/análise , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Frutas/química , Fenóis/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The objective of the present work was to develop strategies for increasing the shelf-life of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.), by preventing microorganism growth. RESULTS: Fruits coated with alginate plus lemon essential oil (0.2%) or orange essential oil (0.1%) after 15 days of storage had less red skin than the remaining samples. The less red color verified in these samples was also coincident with the lower concentration of anthocyanins at the end of the experiment as well as the lower capacity for scavenging ABTS free radicals or quenching singlet oxygen. Cyanidin and pelargonidin glucosides were found in raspberries fruits. The edible coatings supplemented with the essential oil of orange either at 0.1% or 0.2% were very efficient for controlling yeast and mold growth after 15 days of storage. To control the development of aerobic mesophilic bacteria the use of essential oil of lemon 0.2% and essential oil of orange 0.1% were the most efficient. CONCLUSION: The application of the film improved post-harvest quality of raspberry, since the addition of essential oils of citrus films promoted to the inhibitory effect of fungi and bacteria growth after 15 days of storage, without changing quality parameters. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Citrus/química , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Frutas/química , Óleos Voláteis/química , Rubus/química , Alginatos/química , Antocianinas/análise , Antocianinas/química , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Brasil , Conservantes de Alimentos/efeitos adversos , Conservantes de Alimentos/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/análise , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Frutas/microbiologia , Fungos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fungos/isolamento & purificação , Fungicidas Industriais/efeitos adversos , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Fungicidas Industriais/metabolismo , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Bactérias Aeróbias Gram-Negativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Aeróbias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Óleos Voláteis/efeitos adversos , Óleos Voláteis/metabolismo , Pigmentos Biológicos/análise , Pigmentos Biológicos/química , Análise de Componente Principal , Rubus/microbiologia , Propriedades de Superfície , Leveduras/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Leveduras/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
To determine the ideal ripening stage for consumption of the mango cultivars, "Ataulfo," "Haden," and "Tommy Atkins"; fruits at 3 flesh firmness levels (ripeness stages) were evaluated by a trained panel using descriptive analysis after instrumental measurements were made. After harvest, all fruits were ripened to allow softening and quality and sensory attribute changes. Ripening changes during softening of Ataulfo mangos were expressed by a characteristic increase in the perception of "tropical fruit" and "peach" aromas, an increase in "juiciness," "sweetness," and "tropical fruit" flavor, while "fibrousness," "chewiness," and "sourness" decreased. Similar desirable sensory changes were also detected during softening of Haden mangos; an increase in tropical fruit and peach aromas, sweetness and tropical fruit flavor, and a decrease in chewiness, sourness, and bitterness. Softening of Tommy Atkins mangos was followed by reduced chewiness and sourness and increased peach aroma. Softening of all cultivars was followed by decreased sourness and titratable acidity (TA) and increased soluble solids concentration (SSC) and SSC:TA ratio. The results indicate that mango ripening leads to increased expression of sensory attributes such as tropical fruit and peach aromas, tropical flavor, and sweetness that have been related to improved eating quality and these final changes in sensory quality attributes are specific for each cultivar. For example, Ataulfo and Haden mangos had greater improvement in quality and sensory attributes related to fruit eating quality during ripening-softening than Tommy Atkins. In our consumer test, these quality-sensory attributes expressed during ripening that were perceived by the trained panel were also validated, supporting the need for a controlled ripening protocol in mangos.
Assuntos
Frutas , Mangifera , Odorantes , Paladar , Comportamento do Consumidor , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/normas , Dureza , Humanos , Masculino , Mangifera/classificação , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The chemical composition and functional effects of mangaba fruit pulp were evaluated through a multi-endpoint assay in mice, consisting of the bone marrow micronucleus test, gut micronucleus test, and the apoptosis, oxidative stress, and comet assays. Mangaba fruit pulp was administered in three doses, 10, 20, and 40ml/kg body weight (b.w.), by gavage to male Swiss mice against doxorubicin and dimethylhydrazine-induced mutagenicity. The phenolic profile of the mangaba fruit pulp was evaluated by HPLC, and seven compounds were identified: gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, o-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and rutin. The in vivo tests revealed that mangaba fruit pulp showed no toxic/mutagenic effects in any of the assays performed, and also showed protective effects at all endpoints. At the three administered extract concentrations, the main results about the protective effects were as follows: bone marrow micronucleus test (42.33, 58.14, and 77.21%), micronucleus gut test (34.21, 63.15, and 78.07%), and apoptosis index (57.5, 43.68, and 65.52%). This study provides scientific evidence for the antimutagenic potential of mangaba fruit pulp and emphasizes its potential as a functional food with widespread applicability in the food industry.
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Fresh-cut fruits should present characteristics of freshness, convenience and safe adequate to consumer. This work was intended to evaluate the quality of 'fresh-cui fruit salads and papaya purchased on the local marketplace of Lavras - MG during the four seasons of the year. Physical, physicochemical and chemical (pH, titrable acidity, soluble solids, firmness, L*, a* e b* values ) and microbiologic analyses( coliforms at 37 and 45°C, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, estafilococos coagulase positive, filamentous fungi and yeasts and aerobic psychrotrophic microorganism) were performed at the date of collection of the samples and three days after refrigerated storage at 5°e. According to the results obtained, the seasons of the year influenced the physical, physicochemical and chemical characteristics of fresh-cut papaya and of fruits salad and these presented deviations in their quality in the different seasons studied due to the presence of both Salmonella and coliforms at 45°C below the standards established by the Brazilian legislation and to the high indices of coliforms at 37°C, Escherichia coli, filamentous fungi and yeasts, psychrotrophic aerobic micro-organisms and estafilococos coagulase positive, fruit salads were unfit for human consumption. The fresh-cut papayas were fit for human consumption due to the low indices of microbiologic contamination, meeting the standards of the Brazilian legislation. Coliforms at 37°C and total count of psychrotrophic aerobic microorganisms in FC fruit salad and papaya presented significant growth in the storage at 5°e. Summer determine increased microbiologic contamination in FC fruit salads and papaya. (AU)
Frutas minimamente processadas devem apresentar características de frescor adequadas, conveniência e segurança ao consumidor. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de saladas de frutas e mamão minimamente processados adquiridos no comércio local de Lavras, MG, durante as quatro estações do ano. Foram realizadas análises físicas, físico-químicas, químicas (pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, firmeza, valor L*, a* e b*) e microbiológicas (coliformes a 37 e 4SoC, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, estafilococos coagulase positiva, fungos filamentosos e leveduras e micro-organismos aeróbios psicrotróficos) na data de coleta das amostras e 3 dias após o armazenamento refrigerado a soe. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as estações do ano influenciaram as características físicas, físico-químicas e químicas do mamão e das saladas de frutas minimamente processadas, sendo que estes apresentaram desvios na sua qualidade nas diferentes estações estudadas; devido à presença de Salmonella e coliformes a 4SoC acima dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira e aos altos índices de coliformes a 37°C, Escherichia coZi, fungos filamentosos e leveduras, micro- organismos aeróbios psicrotróficos e estafilococos coagulase positiva, as saladas de frutas encontravam-se impróprias para o consumo humano. O mamão minimamente processado estava adequado para o consumo humano, devido aos baixos índices de contaminação microbiológica, atendendo a os padrões da legislação brasileira. Coliformes a 37°C e contagem total de micro-organismos aeróbios psicrotróficos em salada de frutas e mamão MP apresentaram crescimento significativo com o armazenamento a 5ºC. O verão determina maior contaminação microbiológica em saladas de frutas e mamão MP. (AU)