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Introducción: La reconstrucción de la oreja en la actualidad es un problema difícil de solucionar. Se han propuesto varias técnicas quirúrgicas y solo las que se basan en el uso de cartílago costal autólogo son las que se aceptan a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la técnica de reconstrucción del pabellón auricular descrita por Burt Brent. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo de corte transversal con 41 pacientes que presentaron microtia congénita o perdida adquirida de la oreja; a quienes se les realizó reconstrucción auricular con cartílago costal autólogo tratados en el Hospital "William Soler", el Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgica y Clínica Central "Cira García" en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica desde 1994 hasta 2019. Se describió y se documentó la técnica empleada descrita por Burt Brent. Se utilizó una escala de 10 puntos que se basó en la anatomía auricular normal para la valoración de los resultados. Resultados: Se encontraron 32 pacientes portadores de microtia congénitas (78,04 %) y 9 pérdidas traumáticas (21,95 %), predominó el sexo femenino (56,09 %). La incidencia fue mayor en el lado derecho (68,75 %) en pacientes con microtia congénita. En el 95 % de los casos se alcanzaron resultados favorables y satisfactorios. Conclusiones: La reconstrucción del pabellón auricular requiere el empleo de un fragmento de cartílago costal de suficiente tamaño, forma y proyección. La clave consiste en esculpir un marco cartilaginoso de la oreja y mantener estos detalles a través de la piel lo más semejante a la oreja normal. Para un resultado satisfactorio se requiere una alta especialización.
Introduction: Auricle reconstruction is, nowadays, a difficult problem to solve. Several surgical techniques have been proposed and only those based on the use of autologous costal cartilage are accepted worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the auricle reconstruction technique described by Burt Brent. Methods: A quantitative study with a cross-sectional descriptive design was carried out with 41 patients who presented congenital microtia or acquired loss of the ear and who were performed auricle reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage in the plastic surgery service at Hospital "William Soler", Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Quirúrgicas and Clínica Central "Cira García", from 1994 to 2019. The used technique described by Burt Brent was, in turn, described and documented. A 10-point scale based on the normal atrial anatomy was used to assess the outcomes. Results: Thirty-two patients with congenital microtia (78.04 %) and nine traumatic losses (21.95 %) were found, with a predominance of the female sex (56.09 %). The incidence was higher on the right side (68.75 %) in patients with congenital microtia. Favorable and satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 95 % of cases. Conclusions: Auricle reconstruction requires the use of a costal cartilage piece of enough size, shape and projection. The key is to sculpt a cartilaginous framework of the ear and to maintain these details through the skin as close as possible to the normal ear. A high level of specialization is required for a satisfactory outcome.
Assuntos
Humanos , Cartilagem Costal/lesões , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Introducción: Aun son escasos los estudios que recomiendan los pacientes con fibrilación auricular en los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento físico en pacientes con fibrilación auricular en régimen de rehabilitación cardiovascular. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio pre-experimental, prospectivo, tipo pretest- postest con 18 pacientes con fibrilación auricular que asistieron durante 12 semanas a las sesiones de rehabilitación cardiaca. Se evaluó el paciente al inicio y finaldel programa con ergometría con gases espirados, análisis de sangre y ecocardiograma transtorácico. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (72.2 %), el diagnóstico de miocardiopatías (33.3 %), la hipertensión arterial (100 %) y la fibrilación auricular persistente de larga duración (55.6 %). Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa para cada variable morfofuncional: índice de masa corporal (28.0±5.0 vs. 26.9±4.4, p< 0.0001), consumo de oxígeno pico (13.6±3.0 vs. 15.3±2.9, p<0.0001), consumo de oxígeno en el umbral anaerobio (9.9±2.2 vs. 10.7±2.0; p=0.007), equivalente ventilatorio para dióxido de carbono (27.7±4.7 vs. 26.6±4.7; p<0.0001), equivalente ventilatorio para el oxígeno (24.2±5.0 vs. 23.8±4.9 p=0.001), pulso de oxígeno (10.2±2.5 vs. 12.1±2.1; p< 0,0001), unidades metabólicas (3.8±0.9 vs. 4.3±0.9; p<0.0001) y fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (55,7±8,7 vs. 58,2±7,5, p=0,003). Las variables metabólicas disminuyeron significativamente (p<0.0001). La clase funcional de Weber mejoró en 5 pacientes (27.8 %). Conclusiones: El entrenamiento físico de pacientes con fibrilación auricular durante 12 semanas de rehabilitación cardiovascular mejoró la capacidad funcional, con incrementos evolutivos de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda y disminución de las variables metabólicas, sin generar riesgos ni complicaciones.
Effects of physical training of patients with atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular rehabilitation regimen Introduction: There are still few studies that recommend patients with atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs. Objective: To evaluate the effects of physical training in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation. Method: A pre-experimental, prospective, pretest-posttest study was carried out with 18 patients with atrial fibrillation who attended cardiac rehabilitation sessions for 12 weeks. The patient was evaluated at the beginning and end of the program with stress test with expired gases, blood test and transthoracic echocardiogram. Results: The male sex (72.2%), the diagnosis of cardiomyopathies (33.3%), arterial hypertension (100%) and longterm persistent atrial fibrillation (55.6%) predominated. A statistically significant difference was found for each morphofunctional variable: body mass index (28.0±5.0 vs. 26.9±4.4, p<0.0001), peak oxygen consumption (13.6±3.0 vs. 15.3±2.9, p<0.0001), oxygen at the anaerobic threshold (9.9±2.2 vs. 10.7±2.0; p=0.007), ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (27.7±4.7 vs. 26.6±4.7; p<0.0001), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (24.2± 5.0 vs. 23.8±4.9 p=0.001), oxygen pulse (10.2±2.5 vs. 12.1±2.1; p<0.0001), metabolic units (3.8±0.9 vs. 4.3±0.9; p<0.0001) and fraction of left ventricular ejection (55.7±8.7 vs. 58.2±7.5, p=0.003). The metabolic variables decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Weber's functional class improved in 5 patients (27.8%). Conclusions: Physical training of patients with atrial fibrillation during 12 weeks of cardiovascular rehabilitation improved functional capacity, with progressive increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and decrease in metabolic variables, without generating risks or complications.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Exercício Físico , Cuba , Reabilitação Cardíaca/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, 29,939 deaths from ischemic heart disease were recorded in 2020. Myocardial revascularization surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are well-established methods of treating patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. These methods can reduce overall deaths, but choosing the optimal strategy for treating left main coronary ischemia is a source of debate among specialists. OBJECTIVE: Estimate survival and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention versus myocardial revascularization surgery and their relationships with pre-existing patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 41 patients; 35 men and 6 women aged 40-85 years who had been diagnosed with multivessel coronary artery disease and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 17) or myocardial revascularization surgery (n = 24) at the Medical-Surgical Research Center in Havana, Cuba, in 2016. The main variable under consideration was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events over a four-year period following these interventions. We collected clinical and angiographic characteristics, and used the Kaplan-Meier test to calculate survival curves. Survival probabilities were compared using the log-rank test. A value of p ⟨ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, with 95% confidence intervals used for both procedures. RESULTS: There were a total of 20 major adverse cardiovascular events, 75% (15/20) of which occurred in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 5% in patients who had myocardial revascularization surgery. The probability of survival was 70.6% in surgery and 37.5% in interventionism; p = 0.043; hazard ratio 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.987-2.530), p = 0.047. The need to repeat a revascularization procedure was the only major cardiovascular event that showed significant differences between methods (log-rank p = 0.015), and was more frequent in percutaneous intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial revascularization surgery offers a better chance of survival than percutaneous coronary intervention. Major adverse cardiovascular events are more frequent in patients with coronary interventionism, due to the need to repeat revascularization.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have disrupted lifestyle habits and self-care. Gender differences in health behavior during the pandemic have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender related differences in the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardiometabolic diseases. A cross-sectional survey was administered to cardiometabolic patients in 13 Latin American countries between June 15th and July 15th, 2020. The study included 4216 participants, of which 2147 (50.9%) were women. Women reported healthier eating habits as well as lower tobacco and alcohol consumption than men but exercised less and reported increased symptoms of depression. Low income and symptoms of depression were associated with sedentarism in women. The interplay between psychological factors and sedentarism could increase the risk of cardiovascular events in this population.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad y los efectos sobre la capacidad funcional de un programa de entrenamiento físico supervisado, aplicado en pacientes con disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo después de infarto agudo de miocardio. Métodos: Se estudiaron 37 pacientes, de ambos sexos y sin límites de edad, con diagnóstico de disfunción sistólica severa del ventrículo izquierdo, después de haber sufrido un infarto agudo de miocardio, que consecutivamente se incorporaron al programa ambulatorio del Centro de Rehabilitación del Instituto de Cardiología. Se hicieron pruebas de esfuerzo máximas limitadas por síntomas con determinación de consumo de oxígeno, ecocardiogramas en reposo y ventriculografías isotópicas en reposo y esfuerzo a los 2, 8 y 18 meses de evolución, y un tiempo medio de seguimiento clínico de 4,1 años. A todos se les prescribió un régimen de entrenamiento físico moderado o intenso, durante un año como mínimo. Se consideró disfunción sistólica severa cuando la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo fue menor de 35%. Resultados: Todos los parámetros ergométricos que expresaron capacidad funcional incrementaron significativamente en la evaluación del octavo mes (p< 0,0005), permaneciendo invariables a los 18. La fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo media en reposo inicial fue de 28,3 ± 5,3%, la cual no mostró variaciones significativas con el esfuerzo ni con otros estudios evolutivos. La mortalidad total y la morbilidad de la serie fueron de 10,5% y 47,3%, respectivamente. Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico supervisado en pacientes infartados con disfunción sistólica severa de ventrículo izquierdo fue seguro y efectivo, y mejoró su calidad de vida, sin causar efectos negativos sobre la función ventricular.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effects on the functional capacity of a supervised physical training programme carried out on patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after an acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The study included a total of 37 patients, males and females of any age, with a diagnosis of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after having suffered an acute myocardial infarction. They were consecutively included into the ambulatory programme of the Institute of Cardiology Rehabilitation Centre. Maximum effort tests, limited by symptoms, were performed to determine oxygen consumption. Echocardiograms were also performed at rest, with isotopic ventriculography at rest and then at 2, 8, and 18 months. The mean clinical follow-up was 4.1 years. They were all prescribed to a moderate or intense training programme for at least one year. Severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was considered when the left ventricular ejection fraction was less than 35%. Results: All the ergometric parameters that expressed functional capacity increased significantly in the evaluation at 8 months (P< .0005), and remained at 18 months. The initial mean left ventricular ejection fraction at rest was 28.3 ± 5.3%, which showed no significant changes with effort or in the other evaluation times. The overall mortality and morbidity of the series was 10.5% and 47.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Supervised physical training in patients after an acute myocardial infarction and with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction was safe and effective, and improved the quality of life, without causing negative effects on ventricular function.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Exercício Físico , Insuficiência Cardíaca Sistólica , Estudo de Avaliação , Reabilitação Cardíaca , InfartoRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome coronario agudo en adultos menores de 45 años constituye una condición clínica con características específicas, que lo diferencian de los pacientes mayores, porque predomina una escasa o nula sintomatología previa a la aparición de la patología y además como factores de riesgo tiene las alteraciones del tejido conectivo, los estados de hipercoagulabilidad y el consumo de drogas, que conducen a una baja mortalidad y un pronóstico más favorable. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el síndrome coronario agudo en adultos jóvenes que ingresaron al Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular entre los años 2013 y 2014. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal, en el cual se realizó una revisión sistemática de 99 historias clínicas de menores de 45 años con síndrome coronario agudo. Se analizaron variables clínicas, estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 42 años y predominó el sexo masculino. El tabaquismo, la hipertensión y la dislipidemia fueron los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. El dolor típico se presentó en el 70,7 % de los pacientes. Las alteraciones electrocardiográficas de la región inferior (33,3 %), y anterior (22,2 %), fueron las más comunes. La fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo normal (22,2 %), predominó en la enfermedad de un solo vaso. La hipocinesia (48,5 %) y la acinesia (26,3 %) predominaron en este síndrome. Las arterias más implicadas fueron la descendente anterior (40,4 %) y la coronaria derecha (28,3 %). El intervencionismo coronario percutáneo primario fue el más realizado en el síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST. CONCLUSIONES: La poca extensión de la enfermedad coronaria justificó la conservación de la función ventricular, la hipocinesia segmentaria y el bajo porcentaje de complicaciones. La Intervención coronaria percutánea constituyó la estrategia de reperfusión más utilizada en el síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST
INTRODUCTION: Acute coronary syndrome in youngers than 45 years old constitutes a clinical condition with specific characteristics that tells it apart from older patients because the poor symptomatology previous to the origin of the acute coronary syndrome and the presence of peculiars risk factors such as connective tissue disorders, hypercoagulability states and the drugs intake, leads to lesser complications and better prognosis. Objective: characterize the acute coronary syndrome in young adults admitted at the Cardiology and Surgery Cardiovascular's Institute between the years 2013 and 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive and transverse study with 99 patients under 45 years old who had acute coronary syndrome. There were analyzed clinical variables, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. RESULTS: The mean age was 42 years and the masculine sex was predominant. Smoking, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia were the risk factors more common. The typical pain was in the 70.7% of patients. Electrocardiographic disorders of the inferior region (33.3%) and previous (22.2%) were the more frequents. The normal ejection fraction of the left ventricle (22.2%) predominated in the one vessel disease. The hypokinesia (48.5%) and akinesia (26.3%) predominated in this syndrome. The most responsible arteries were the descending previous (40.4%) and the right coronary (28.3%). The coronary percutaneous intervention was the procedure more made in acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation. CONCLUSIONS: The minimum extension of the coronary disease justified the conservation of the ventricular function, the segmentary hypokinesia and the softly percent of complications. The coronary percutaneous intervention constituted the strategy of re-perfusion more used in the acute coronary syndrome with elevation of the segment ST
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Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Volume Sistólico , Síndrome Coronariana AgudaRESUMO
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), a poorly developed resource in Argentina, is a highly invasive rescue therapy, for critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure with or without associated cardiovascular failure and mortality probability near to 80%. This article reports the experience obtained with first patients treated with ECMO in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Hospital Garrahan at Buenos Aires. From April 2008 to January 2012, 17 patients were treated with veno-arterial ECMO. Survival rate was 59%, similar to international reports. Patients are being monitored to evaluate their long-term outcome.
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Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , MasculinoRESUMO
La Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea (ECMO), aún poco desarrollada en la Argentina, es una terapia de rescate altamente invasiva, destinada a pacientes críticamente enfermos, con insuficiencia respiratoria grave y fallo cardiovascular asociado o sin él, y una probabilidad de mortalidad cercana al 80%. Este estudio comunica los primeros pacientes tratados con ECMO en el Área de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UCIN) del Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires. Desde abril 2008 a enero 2012 fueron tratados 17 pacientes con ECMO veno-arterial, con una supervivencia del 59%, similar a los informes internacionales. Los pacientes se encuentran en seguimiento, evaluándose la evolución a largo plazo.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), a poorly developed resource in Argentina, is a highly invasive rescue therapy, for critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure with or without associated cardiovascular failure and mortality probability near to 80%. This article reports the experience obtained with first patients treated with ECMO in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Hospital Garrahan at Buenos Aires. From April 2008 to January 2012, 17 patients were treated with veno-arterial ECMO. Survival rate was 59%, similar to international reports. Patients are being monitored to evaluate their long-term outcome.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva NeonatalRESUMO
La Oxigenación por Membrana Extracorpórea (ECMO), aún poco desarrollada en la Argentina, es una terapia de rescate altamente invasiva, destinada a pacientes críticamente enfermos, con insuficiencia respiratoria grave y fallo cardiovascular asociado o sin él, y una probabilidad de mortalidad cercana al 80%. Este estudio comunica los primeros pacientes tratados con ECMO en el Area de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UCIN) del Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires. Desde abril 2008 a enero 2012 fueron tratados 17 pacientes con ECMO veno-arterial, con una supervivencia del 59%, similar a los informes internacionales. Los pacientes se encuentran en seguimiento, evaluándose la evolución a largo plazo.(AU)
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), a poorly developed resource in Argentina, is a highly invasive rescue therapy, for critically ill patients with severe respiratory failure with or without associated cardiovascular failure and mortality probability near to 80%. This article reports the experience obtained with first patients treated with ECMO in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Hospital Garrahan at Buenos Aires. From April 2008 to January 2012, 17 patients were treated with veno-arterial ECMO. Survival rate was 59%, similar to international reports. Patients are being monitored to evaluate their long-term outcome.(AU)
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva NeonatalRESUMO
Adequate neonatal transport is a key component in the care of newborn infants that require transfer. Objective. To determine the characteristics and risk of clinical deterioration during neonatal transport. Material and Methods. This was an observational and prospective study that consecutively included newborn infants transferred to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Hospital Garrahan. The TRIPS (Transport Risk Index of Physiology Stability) risk score was measured pre- and post-transport. A diagnosis of clinical deterioration was made when the post-transport TRIPS score was higher than the pre-transport score. Newborns characteristics, transport distance, newborns status upon admission, need for immediate cardiorespiratory support (ICRS), and death before the 7th day and at discharge were recorded. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the associations with clinical deterioration . Results. A total of 160 transferred newborn infants were enrolled, gestational age (GA) was 35 ± 3 weeks; birth weight (BW) 2482 ± 904 g and median age 2 days. Most were referred due to cardiorespiratory (50%) or surgical (34%) illnesses. Of them, 91 (57%) had clinical deterioration and 46% hypothermia. Forty nine neonates required ICRS and 28 died (twelve before 7 days after admittance). Variables assessed were not associated with the risk of clinical deterioration. Mortality was higher in the group with clinical deterioration (OR: 3.34; 95% CI: 1.2-8.7), even when severity of the clinical picture was considered (OR A: 3; 95% CI: 1.2-8.3). Clinical deterioration during transport was associated with the need for ICRS (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-5). Conclusions. In our experience transferred newborn infants often suffered loss of stability or clinical deterioration, regardless of their characteristics, and this was related to a higher mortality. Therefore, it is critical to optimize care strategies during all neonatal transports.