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CONTEXT: Some structural properties can be involved in the antioxidant capacity of several polyphenol derivatives, among them their simplified structures. This study examines the contribution of simplified structure for the antioxidant capacity of some natural and synthetic antioxidants. The resonance structures were related to the π-type electron system of carbon-carbon double bonds between both phenyl rings. Trans-resveratrol, phenyl-benzofuran, phenyl-indenone, and benzylidene-benzofuranone are the best basic antioxidant templates among the simplified derivatives studied here. Additionally, the stilbene moiety was found on the molecules with the best antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, our investigation suggests that these compounds can be used as antioxidant scaffold for designing and developing of new promising derivatives. METHODS: To investigate the structure-antioxidant capacity for sixteen simplified natural and proposed derivatives we have employed density functional theory and used Gaussian 09. Our DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP functional and the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. All electron transfer mechanisms were investigated by using values of HOMO, ionization potential, energy affinity, stabilization energies, and spin density distributions.
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Flavonoids are a big class of natural product and have a wide range of biological activities. Some of these applications depend on its antioxidant capacity. Nevertheless, another mechanism can be involved by means of alkylation reaction on α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl system. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and the chemical reactivity among simplified flavonoid derivatives and isoxazolone analogous as Michael system by using B3LYP functional and 6-311 g(d,p) basis set. Frontier molecular orbital, ionization potential (IP), spin density contributions, and Fukui index explain the antioxidant capacity and reactivity index on isoxazolone and its related derivatives. The best contribution at ß-alkene moiety is related to better reactivity of α,ß-unsaturated carbonyl group. A decrease in antioxidant capacity is related to an increase in the chemical reactivity index. The frontier molecular orbitals show that aurone is more reactive than isoxazolone. In accordance with Fukui index, isoxazolone can be better inhibitor as Michael system when compared to flavonoid derivatives. Graphical abstract.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/química , Oxazóis/química , Teoria da Densidade Funcional , Modelos MolecularesRESUMO
In this study, 1-nitro-2-phenylethane was evaluated with respect to its effects in edema models of acute inflammation induced with carrageenan, dextran, and croton oil. 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane produced inhibition of rat paw edema induced by carrageenan and dextran at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. The same doses caused an inhibition of croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. Our results suggest that 1-nitro-2-phenylethane has anti-inflammatory activity, probably of peripheral origin, acting in the synthesis and/or release of inflammatory mediators. A conformational study of 1-nitro-2-phenylethane was carried out using density functional theory calculations, showing three different groups of conformers corresponding to energy minimum geometries. The stereoelectronic repulsions are responsible for conformational preferences and the one most stable conformer. The prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase mechanism is related more to electrophilic than nucleophilic properties.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Derivados de Benzeno/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Derivados de Benzeno/uso terapêutico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
This theoretical and experimental study describes the design and evaluation of the free-radical scavenging effect for the molecular association of 4-aminophenol and salicylate derivatives. For this purpose, we employed theoretical methods for the selection of antioxidant drugs and the rapid methods of evaluation: the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the lipid peroxidation initiated by Fe(2+) and ascorbic acid in human erythrocytes. The associate derivatives exhibited a more potent inhibition than the salicylic acid, while the benzoyl compound exhibited a more potent inhibition than paracetamol. The molecular parameters related to the electron distribution and structure (ionization potential and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital) correlated very well with the antioxidant action of the compounds studied here in different tests.