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RESUMEN La enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman cutánea (ERDC) es una rara proliferación reactiva de histiocitos, que cursa con lesiones cutáneas sin compromiso generalizado. Las manifestaciones clínicas cutáneas son diversas y la variante clínica "tipo tumoración" es la forma más infrecuente. Se describe el caso de un paciente con ERDC que se presentó con esta forma inusual.

ABSTRACT Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (CRDD) is a rare reactive histiocytic proliferation, which presents with skin lesions without systemic involvement. The clinical cutaneous manifestations are diverse and the "tumor-like" clinical variant is the most infrequent. We describe the case of a patient with CRDD who presented with this unusual form.

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The indiscriminate use of allopathic drugs has selected resistant bacterial and fungal populations which represents a severe public health problem worldwide. On the other hand, plants are in a prominent position due to the capability to synthesize structurally complex bioactive metabolites that can be an alternative to resistant microorganisms' control. In this work, we evaluated the chemical composition and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potential of the fractionated extract of C. savannarum in ethyl acetate. The extract of C. savannarum was divided into 12 fractions that were submitted to phytochemical screening, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), and hemolytic activity of sheep erythrocytes assays. During the investigation, all extract fractions presented alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds in qualitative analyses, while in the quantitative evaluation, we observed the presence of both phenols and flavonoids in these fractions. Among the fraction, the highest phenolic content was observed in the Cs23-24 fraction (2.480 mg EAG/g), while the Cs31-34 fractions presented the highest amount of flavonoid (182.25 µg EQ/100 mg). Nine of the 12 fractions of the moss species' extract showed antimicrobial action Against Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis; Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and also antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida glabata. The cytotoxic assay demonstrated that the tested fractions did not induce hemolysis at concentrations 10 and 100(µG/ML). In the antioxidant evaluation, the Cs55-69 fractions were the ones that presented the highest scavenging activity (57, 0%) followed by the Cs45-54 fraction (42.7%). Overall, the evaluation of the biological potential of the fractionated extracts of Campylopus savannarum showed promising data, in the search for natural antimicrobial compounds.

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Studies of serotonin in animal husbandry has received growing interest. However, there is limited information about serotonin manipulation using 5-HTP administered postruminally and its residual effects in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5-HTP infused into the abomasum for enhancing circulating serotonin in cattle. Four Holstein steers (487 ± 7.6 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design experiment. The treatments were intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP at 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg BW. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of each steer at -60, -30, 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 min from 5-HTP infusion for basal and short term evaluation and, at 1, 2, 4, and 7 d after 5-HTP infusion for long term evaluation. Dry matter intake was not affected (P > 0.05) by intra-abomasal infusions. The half-life of 5-HTP was dose-independent (128 min). The serum 5-HTP, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid area under the curve increased (P < 0.05) linearly with an increased dose of 5-HTP. Serum 5-HTP reached peak concentration in approximately 30 min after dosing while serum and plasma serotonin peaked after 240 min postinfusion. Serotonin was greater than control for all 5-HTP doses 1 d and 2 d after infusion in serum and plasma, respectively. Intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP at doses up to 1 mg/ kg BW increases circulating serotonin for up 2 days.

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Serotonin (5-HT) has many important functions in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Although it has been demonstrated that manipulation of serotonin metabolism is possible in many species, there is limited information about l-tryptophan (TRP), a serotonin precursor, in cattle, and these provide conflicting results. Furthermore, there is no study evaluating how different patterns of intra-abomasal infusion of TRP impact circulating 5-HT. The objective of this study was to evaluate if intra-abomasal infusion patterns of TRP can affect circulating 5-HT and other metabolites from TRP metabolism in the plasma and serum and circulating glucose and insulin in cattle. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each received intra-abomasal water infusion (control) or intra-abomasal TRP infusion (50 mg/kg BW) in 3 different patterns: a pulse infusion once a day (pulse once), pulse infusion twice a day (pulse twice), or continuous infusion (continuous). For continuous treatment, the TRP dose was diluted in tap water and infused by a peristaltic pump (300 mL/h). To equalize conditions, the other treatments had a water infusion (300 mL/h). The steers were fed every 2 h, and blood was collected from a jugular vein catheter every 4 h for 24 h after the initial infusion. Urine produced during the 24 h period was collected. Serum and plasma TRP, 5-HT and kynurenine, plasma glucose, and serum insulin concentrations were analyzed. Urine was analyzed for concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Both serum TRP and kynurenine were increased (P < 0.05) by all TRP infusion treatments, but concentrations in pulse dose treatments were greater than those in continuous infusion. Serum 5-HT increased (P < 0.05) with both pulse TRP infusion treatments; however, the continuous TRP infusion did not increase the serum 5-HT. Plasma 5-HT, glucose, and insulin had a tendency to increase with TRP pulse infusions. The urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion was highest for pulse dose treatments. An acute supply of TRP in 1 or 2 daily doses increases serum 5-HT and increases circulating glucose and insulin in cattle. The TRP and kynurenine concentrations are similar in plasma and serum. However, the serum 5-HT concentration is more responsive to TRP administration than plasma.

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Although serotonin has been extensively studied in many species, there is a lack of information in ruminants, and no research has been evaluated if its precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), administered into the abomasum may be used as a means to manipulate serotonin metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate if intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP increases circulating serotonin in the steer. Eight Holstein steers (471 ± 8.9 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design experiment. The treatments were intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP at 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg BW. Blood was collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h after infusion. The serum concentration of 5-HTP increased quadratically (P = 0.005) with a peak at 2 h after administration. The 5-HTP administration increased (P < 0.05) serum serotonin in comparison with baseline with no difference (P > 0.05) between the doses of 5-HTP. When 5-HTP was dosed at 2.5 mg/kg BW or higher, intake decreased, and there was an altered manure consistency. The serum 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid concentrations followed the same pattern as 5-HTP. Plasma glucose content was not affected (P > 0.05) by 5-HTP dosing. However, free fatty acids concentration in the plasma was lower (P > 0.05) compared with baseline for the infusion levels of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg BW. Intra-abomasal infusion of 5-HTP efficiently increases serum serotonin cattle.

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RESUMEN Introducción: El porcentaje de melanomas asociados histológicamente a nevos (MN(+)) varía del 20,6% al 53%. Distintos estudios demuestran que los MN(+) tienen igual o mejor pronóstico que aquellos melanomas que no se asocian a nevos, también llamados melanomas de novo (MN(-)). Objetivo: Comparar la evolución clínica y la supervivencia de MN(-) y MN(+) en el Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, analizando el estudio de ganglio centinela, la supervivencia libre de enfermedad al año y a 5 años y la mortalidad específica por melanoma a 5 años. Materiales y Métodos :Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma cutáneo realizado por el Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del hospital o con revisión del taco de biopsia en el hospital, desde enero del año 2000 hasta diciembre del 2015. Resultados: De 554 casos de melanoma, se incluyeron 208 melanomas cutáneos, con un seguimiento promedio de 2,44 (0,66 - 5, 35) años. El 47,1% de melanomas fueron MN(+). Los MN(+) se relacionaron de manera estadísticamente significativa con el tipo extensivo superficial, localización en tronco posterior, regresión, menor Breslow y Clark 2. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a 5 años fue mayor en MN(+) y la ausencia de asociación a nevo fue un factor de riesgo independiente. No se observaron diferencias en edad, sexo, diámetro tumoral, antecedentes de síndrome de nevo displásico, ulceración, mitosis, resultado del estudio de ganglio centinela, supervivencia libre de enfermedad al año, ni mortalidad por melanoma a 5 años.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The percentage of melanomas associated with nevus (NM(+)) ranges from 20,6% to 53%. Some studies suggested that MN+ have the same or even better prognosis than those melanomas that are not nevus-associated. The latter are also called melanomas de novo (MN(-)). Objective: To compare clinical evolution and survival of patients with MN(-) and MN(+) at the University Private Hospital of Cordoba (Argentina), by analyzing sentinel lymph node status, disease-free survival at 1 and 5 years and 5-year melanoma specific mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective, transversal study of patients who were diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma from 2000 until 2015. The biopsy specimen was analyzed or revised by the hospital´s Department of Pathology. Results: Of 554 melanoma cases, 208 cutaneous melanomas were included in the study. The mean follow up was 2,44 (0,66- 5,35) years. MN(+) represented the 47,1% of cases and were significantly correlated with superficial spreading subtype, posterior trunk localization, regression, lower Breslow and Clark 2. 5-year disease-free survival was longer in patients with MN(+) and the absence of associated nevus was an independent risk factor. There were no differences in age, gender, tumor diameter, history of atypical mole syndrome, ulceration, mitosis, sentinel lymph node status, 1-year disease-free survival or 5-year melanoma specific mortality.

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RESUMEN: Se consideran metástasis cutáneas aquellas neoplasias que se extienden a la piel por diseminación linfática, hemática o por contigüidad, originadas generalmente de un tumor extracutáneo, casi siempre diseminado y agresivo. Las metástasis en la piel suelen constituir un evento tardío en el curso de la enfermedad neoplásica, pero también pueden presentarse como el primer signo de un tumor desconocido.1 El carcinoma de mama es la neoplasia maligna interna más frecuente en las mujeres y se manifiesta con mayor frecuencia entre la quinta y sexta década de la vida. El 45% de las metástasis en la piel de cáncer de mama se presentan entre 6 meses y 4 años después del diagnóstico del tumor primario, aunque pueden observarse lesiones metastásicas al cabo de 10 años, por lo que el riesgo de metástasis quedaría latente durante el resto de la vida.2 Constituye un factor pronóstico desfavorable de la enfermedad asociándose a la morbi-mortalidad de la paciente, ya que generalmente se encuentran metástasis concomitantes en órganos internos.

SUMMARY: Cutaneous metastases are considered to be those neoplasms that extend to the skin due to lymphatic and hematic dissemination, generally originating from an extra cutaneous tumor, almost always disseminated and aggressive. Metastases in the skin are usually a late event in the course of neoplastic disease, but they can also present as the first sign of an unknown tumor.1 Breast carcinoma is the most frequent internal malignant neoplasm in women, manifesting most frequently between the fifth and sixth decade of life. 45% of skin metastases of breast cancer occur between 6 months and 4 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor, although metastatic lesions can be observed after 10 years, so the risk of metastasis would remain latent during the rest of life.2 It is a prognostic factor of the disease associated with the morbidity and mortality of the patient, since concomitant metastases are usually found in distant organs.

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RESUMEN La enfermedad de Fabry (EF) es un trastorno de almacenamiento lisosomal, hereditario, ligado al cromosoma X, causado por el déficit de la enzima alfa galactosidasa A. Presenta una gran variabilidad clínica por afección multisistémica de manera inespecífica. Por este motivo, el diagnóstico clínico de la enfermedad es difícil y suele retrasarse. Las manifestaciones cutáneas de esta patología, tienen un importante papel en el diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, ya que, permite la utilización de tratamiento de reemplazo enzimático oportuno, así como el consejo genético adecuado.

SUMMARY Fabry disease is a hereditary, lysosomal storage disorder linked to the X chromosome, caused by the deficiency of the enzyme alpha galactosidase A. It presents a great clinical variability due to multisystemic affection in an unspecific way. For this reason, the diagnosis of the disease is difficult and often delayed. The cutaneous manifestations of this pathology, have an important role in the early diagnosis of the disease, since it allows the use of opportune enzymatic replacement treatment, as well as the adequate genetic counseling.

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El liquen plano hipertrófico es la segunda variante más común del liquen plano. Las lesiones clásicamente se localizan en: cara anterior de piernas y tobillos simétricamente y tienden a ser crónicas. Es una patología de importante diagnóstico, por la posibilidad de dar lugar al desarrollo de carcinoma espinocelular, con una frecuencia del 0,4% de los casos. En el siguiente artículo, presentamos el caso de un paciente con liquen hipertrófico en miembros inferiores. Además realizamos una breve reseña de la literatura.

Hypertrophic lichen planus is the second most common lichen planus variant. The lesions are classically located on: the anterior face of the legs and ankles symmetrically and tend to be chronic. It is a pathology of important diagnosis for the possibility of giving rise, to the development of squamous cell carcinoma. In the following article, we present the case of a patient with hypertrophic lichen in lower limbs. In addition we make a brief review of the current literature.

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Los sebaceomas son tumores infrecuentes que se originan en los anexos sebáceos. Suelen desarrollarse en adultos mayores, más frecuentemente en cabeza y cuello. Su denominación es controversial, presentando características histopatológicas y clínicas similares a otras entidades, que presentan diferenciación sebácea. El pronóstico de esta entidad es bueno, siendo su tratamiento la extirpación quirúrgica. Sin embargo, su relevancia clínica se establece por su asociación frecuente con el síndrome de Muir-Torre, por lo que ante la presencia de esta neoplasia, es necesario descartar neoplasias viscerales ocultas. Presentamos el caso de dos pacientes con sebaceomas en diferentes localizaciones, que hasta el momento de esta publicación no presentaron síndrome de Muir-Torre asociado y realizamos una revisión de la literatura.

Sebaceomas are infrequent tumors originated from the sebaceous annexes. They usually develop in the third decade, more frequently in the head and neck. Its denomination is controversial, presenting both histopathological and clinical characteristics similar to other entities, with sebaceous differentiation. The prognosis of the condition is good, being its treatment the surgical removal. Though, its clinical relevance is established by its frequent association with the Muir-Torre syndrome, so that, in the presence of this neoplasm, it is necessary to rule out occult visceral neoplasms. We present two cases of sebaceomas in different locations that until this moment did not present associated neoplasm.