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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of resinous root canal sealers: Sealer 26, AH plus, and SK Seal Root Canal Sealer in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Subjects and Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats received polyethylene tubes containing the sealers and empty tubes as control (n = 6). After 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, animals were killed and polyethylene tubes were removed with the surrounding tissues. The specimens were embedded in paraffin, processed for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry assessed for fibronectin (FN) and tenascin (TN). Statistical Analysis Used: Data were tabulated and analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (P < 0.05). Results: All groups induced a moderate inflammatory reaction after 7 and 15 days (P > 0.05); after 30 days, a mild inflammatory infiltrate was observed in control groups, and moderate in sealers groups (P > 0.05); all groups showed mild inflammatory infiltrate at 60 days (P > 0.05). Overall, the fibrous capsule was considered thick only on the 7th day and became thin over time. All groups had expression for FN and TN in all analyzed periods, with high immunolabeling in sealers groups when comparing with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: All sealers demonstrated biocompatibility and induced FN and TN expression.

RESUMO

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de diferentes plugs de proteção, acomodados sobre o remanescente da obturação após preparo para pino, na retenção de pinos metálicos fundidos. Métodos: Cinquenta dentes bovinos foram decoronados, manualmente instrumentados até a lima manual Kerr #80 e obturados. A desobturação parcial de 10mm do conduto foi realizada com uma broca Largo e os grupos foram divididos de acordo com os diferentes materiais utilizados como plugs (n=10): Grupo I (Controle, sem plug); Grupo II (plug de Coltosol®); Grupo III (plug, em consistência de massa, de Sealapex® + óxido de zinco); Grupo IV (plug de etil-cianoacrilato); e Grupo V (plug de fosfato de zinco). Uma camada de 1mm de espessura dos diferentes plugs (Grupos II, III, IV ou V) foi acomodada sobre a obturação remanescente. Os espécimes foram selados e armazenados em 100% de umidade, por 7 dias. Após moldagem do conduto, foram confeccionados pinos metálicos fundidos e cimentados com fosfato de zinco. Os espécimes permaneceram em câmara úmida por 45 dias antes do teste de tração, realizado em uma máquina universal de ensaios. Os valores foram expressos em Mega pascal (MPa) e submetidos aos testes ANOVA e Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: O etilcianoacrilato diminuiu a retenção dos pinos metálicos fundidos (p<0,01). Não houve diferença entre os outros grupos (p>0,05), semelhante- mente ao controle. Conclusão: A proteção da obturação com plugs confeccionados com etil-cianoacrilato prejudica a retenção de pinos metálicos fundidos cimentados com fosfato de zinco, enquanto Sealapex® acrescido de óxido de zinco, fosfato de zinco endurecido ou Coltosol® não interferem na adesividade (AU).

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RESUMO

Based on aroeira's (Myracrodruon urundeuva) antimicrobial activity and a future trend to compose intracanal medication, the aim of this study was to assess in vivo inflamatory tissue response to the extracts by edemogenic and histological analysis containing inactivated facultative and anaerobic microorganisms. For edema quantification, eighteen animals were divided into three groups (n = 3, periods: 3 and 6 hours) and 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein under general anesthesia. After 30 min the animals received a subcutaneous injection in the dorsal region of aqueous or ethanolic extract of aroeira or saline (control) containing inactivated bacteria. Samples were collected, immersed in formamide for 72h, and evaluated by spectrophotometry (630 m). For histological analysis, polyethylene tubes with the extracts were implanted in the dorsal of 30 male rats. Analysis of the fibrous capsule and inflammatory infiltrate were performed after 7 and 30 days. The aqueous extract group induced less edema in both postoperative periods compared to the other groups, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Tissue repair was significantly better after 30 days than after 7 days (p < 0.01). The aqueous solution showed less inflammatory response than the ethanolic solution (p < 0.05), with tendency for better results than control after 7 days. After 30 days, the response to both extracts was similar to control. The aqueous and ethanolic aroeira extracts containing inactivated microorganisms showed a trend for better results than saline, even when associated with microorganisms, and facilitated the tissue repair process.

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RESUMO

Objective: The at-home bleaching technique leads to the intimate contact of the bleaching gel with gingival tissues, so this study evaluated the immediate inflammatory response, through the edemogenic test, induced by at-home bleaching gels of 10% carbamide peroxide with different desensitizing agents, the quantification of hydrogen peroxide released and bleaching gels pH. Material and Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into groups (n=12): CTRL-control group, WP-Whiteness Perfect 10% (FGM Produtos Odontológicos, Joinville, SC, Brazil), OPA-Opalescence 10% (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, IT, USA), and PB-Power Bleaching (BM4, Palhoça, SC, Brazil). For the edemogenic test, all rats received an intravenous injection of Evan's Blue; after 30 min, 0.2 mL of each bleaching gels was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the rats, and the results of the vascular permeability were assessed after 3 and 6h. The amount of HP released and pH of each product was also determined. Data were submitted to statistical test (p <0.05 ). Results: At 3h, the PB showed higher vascular permeability than the other groups. At 6h, the PB produced similar vascular permeability than WHI, and higher than OPA and CTRL groups. The OPA group had a higher vascular permeability at 6h compared to 3h; there is no difference in other groups. The PB group had higher HP concentrations than the other groups. Conclusion: In general, the PB caused a more considerable amount of inflammatory edema and higher amount of HP released. This results suggesting that these bleaching gels cause greater aggression in soft gingival tissues that eventually ends up in contact with bleaching products. (AU)

Objetivo: A técnica de clareamento domiciliar leva ao contato íntimo do gel clareador com tecidos gengivais, assim, este estudo avaliou a resposta inflamatória imediata, através do teste edemogênico, induzido por gel de clareamento caseiro à base de peróxido de carbamida a 10% com diferentes agentes dessensibilizantes, a quantificação de peróxido de hidrogênio liberado e o pH dos géis branqueadores. Material e Métodos: Quarenta e oito ratos foram divididos em 4 grupos (n = 12): grupocontrole CTRL, WP-Whiteness Perfect 10% (FGM Produtos Odontológicos, Joinville, SC, Brasil), OPA-Opalescence 10% (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, IT, EUA) e PB-Power Bleaching (BM4, Palhoça, SC, Brasil). Para o teste edemogênico, todos os ratos receberam uma injeção intravenosa de Evan's Blue; após 30 min, 0,2 mL de cada gel clareador foi injetado no tecido subcutâneo dos ratos, e os resultados da permeabilidade vascular foram avaliados após 3 e 6 horas. A quantidade de HP liberada e o pH de cada produto também foram determinados. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico (P <0,05). Resultados: Às 3h, o PB apresentou maior permeabilidade vascular que os demais grupos. Às 6h, o PB produziu permeabilidade vascular semelhante ao WHI e maior que os grupos OPA e CTRL. O grupo OPA apresentou maior permeabilidade vascular às 6h em relação às 3h; Não existe essa diferença em outros grupos. O grupo PB apresentou maiores concentrações de HP que os demais grupos. Conclusão: Em geral, o PB causou maior quantidade de edema inflamatório e maior quantidade de HP liberado. Estes resultados sugerem que estes géis branqueadores causam maior agressividade nos tecidos gengivais moles que eventualmente acabam em contato com produtos de branqueamento. (AU)

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RESUMO

Abstract: Based on aroeira's (Myracrodruon urundeuva) antimicrobial activity and a future trend to compose intracanal medication, the aim of this study was to assess in vivo inflamatory tissue response to the extracts by edemogenic and histological analysis containing inactivated facultative and anaerobic microorganisms. For edema quantification, eighteen animals were divided into three groups (n = 3, periods: 3 and 6 hours) and 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein under general anesthesia. After 30 min the animals received a subcutaneous injection in the dorsal region of aqueous or ethanolic extract of aroeira or saline (control) containing inactivated bacteria. Samples were collected, immersed in formamide for 72h, and evaluated by spectrophotometry (630 m). For histological analysis, polyethylene tubes with the extracts were implanted in the dorsal of 30 male rats. Analysis of the fibrous capsule and inflammatory infiltrate were performed after 7 and 30 days. The aqueous extract group induced less edema in both postoperative periods compared to the other groups, but the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Tissue repair was significantly better after 30 days than after 7 days (p < 0.01). The aqueous solution showed less inflammatory response than the ethanolic solution (p < 0.05), with tendency for better results than control after 7 days. After 30 days, the response to both extracts was similar to control. The aqueous and ethanolic aroeira extracts containing inactivated microorganisms showed a trend for better results than saline, even when associated with microorganisms, and facilitated the tissue repair process.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate edemogenic activity and subcutaneous inflammatory reaction induced by Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts associated with Ca(OH)2. Thirty male Wistar rats, split equally into three groups [aqueous extract + Ca(OH)2; ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; and propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2], were assessed every 3 h or 6 h (five animals in each period). Under general anesthesia, 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein and each combination to be evaluated was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region 30 min thereafter. Edemogenic activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry (λ=630 nm). For inflammatory reaction analysis, 50 rats received four polyethylene tubes (three experimental groups) and an empty tube (control group). The assessments were made at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and by the assignment of scores for evaluation of tissue response intensity. Ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2 yielded the largest edemogenic activity at 3 h. Intergroup differences at 6 h were not significant. The histological analysis showed progressive repair over time (p<0.05) and aqueous and ethanolic extracts produced similar responses to those of the control and Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol groups. Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts used as Ca(OH)2 vehicles evoked similar tissue response when compared to Ca(OH)2 associated with propylene glycol.

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Abstract Psidium cattleianum (PC) has been displaying inhibitory effect against a variety of microorganisms, but this effect has not yet been tested against endodontic pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the aqueous (PCAE) and hydroethanolic (PCHE) extracts from Psidium cattleianum (PC) leaves. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined using the microdilution broth method in order to analyze the antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans in planktonic conditions. Biofilm assays were conducted only with the extracts that were able to determine the MLC for microorganisms in planktonic conditions. Immediate and late tissue reactions against PC extracts were evaluated using edemogenic test and histological analysis of subcutaneous implants in Wistar rats. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL. The MLC obtained for PCHE inhibited 100% growth of all the tested strains, except for C. albicans. PCAE had the same effect for E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Both PC extracts were able to eliminate E. faecalis biofilms and only the PCHE eliminated P. aeruginosa biofilms. The positive controls inhibited the growth of all tested strains in MIC and MLC essays, but no CHX tested concentrations were able to eliminate A. israelii biofilm. PCAE caused a discrete increase in the edema over time, while PCHE caused a higher initial edema, which decreased progressively. Both PCAE and PCHE extracts were biocompatible, but PCHE showed better results with slight levels of inflammation at 28 days. In conclusion, PCHE was biocompatible and presented better antimicrobial effect against important pathogens associated with persistent endodontic infections

Resumo Psidium cattleianum (PC) tem apresentado atividade inibitória frente diversos microrganismos, entretanto esse efeito ainda não foi testado contra microrganismos de interesse endodôntico. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e a biocompatibilidade dos extratos aquoso (EAPC) e hidroetanólico (EHPC) das folhas de Psidium cattleianum. As concentrações inibitória mínima (CIM) e letal mínima (CLM) foram determinadas pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, com o objetivo de analisar o efeito antimicrobiano frente Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii e Candida albicans em condições planctônicas. Os ensaios de biofilme foram realizados somente com os extratos em que se determinou a CLM frente os microrganismos em condições planctônicas. Respostas teciduais imediata e tardia frente aos extratos de Psidium cattleianum foram avaliadas por teste edemogênico e análise histológica de implantes subcutâneos em ratos Wistar. Os resultados mostraram que CIM e CLM variaram entre 0,25 e 4 mg/mL. As CLMs determinadas pelo EHPC inibiram 100% do crescimento de todas as cepas testadas, exceto Candida albicans. EAPC apresentou o mesmo efeito para E. faecalis e P. aeruginosa. Ambos os extratos de PC conseguiram eliminar o biofilme de E. faecalis, e somente o EHPC eliminou o biofilme de P. aeruginosa. Os controles positivos inibiram o crescimento de todos os microrganismos testados nos ensaios de CIM e CLM, mas nenhuma das concentrações de clorexidina testadas foi capaz de eliminar o biofilme de A. israelii. O EAPC provocou um discreto aumento de edema com o tempo, enquanto EHPC provocou um edema inicial severo, que diminuiu progressivamente. Ambos os extratos EAPC e EHPC foram biocompatíveis, entretanto, EHPC apresentou melhores resultados com baixos níveis de inflamação em 28 dias. Pode-se concluir que EHPC foi biocompatível e apresentou melhor efeito antimicrobiano frente importantes patógenos associados a infecções endodônticas persistentes.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Psidium cattleianum (PC) has been displaying inhibitory effect against a variety of microorganisms, but this effect has not yet been tested against endodontic pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the aqueous (PCAE) and hydroethanolic (PCHE) extracts from Psidium cattleianum (PC) leaves. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) were determined using the microdilution broth method in order to analyze the antimicrobial effect against Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces israelii and Candida albicans in planktonic conditions. Biofilm assays were conducted only with the extracts that were able to determine the MLC for microorganisms in planktonic conditions. Immediate and late tissue reactions against PC extracts were evaluated using edemogenic test and histological analysis of subcutaneous implants in Wistar rats. The results showed that the MIC and MLC values ranged between 0.25 and 4 mg/mL. The MLC obtained for PCHE inhibited 100% growth of all the tested strains, except for C. albicans. PCAE had the same effect for E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa. Both PC extracts were able to eliminate E. faecalis biofilms and only the PCHE eliminated P. aeruginosa biofilms. The positive controls inhibited the growth of all tested strains in MIC and MLC essays, but no CHX tested concentrations were able to eliminate A. israelii biofilm. PCAE caused a discrete increase in the edema over time, while PCHE caused a higher initial edema, which decreased progressively. Both PCAE and PCHE extracts were biocompatible, but PCHE showed better results with slight levels of inflammation at 28 days. In conclusion, PCHE was biocompatible and presented better antimicrobial effect against important pathogens associated with persistent endodontic infections.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate edemogenic activity and subcutaneous inflammatory reaction induced by Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts associated with Ca(OH)2. Thirty male Wistar rats, split equally into three groups [aqueous extract + Ca(OH)2; ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; and propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2], were assessed every 3 h or 6 h (five animals in each period). Under general anesthesia, 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein and each combination to be evaluated was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region 30 min thereafter. Edemogenic activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry (λ=630 nm). For inflammatory reaction analysis, 50 rats received four polyethylene tubes (three experimental groups) and an empty tube (control group). The assessments were made at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and by the assignment of scores for evaluation of tissue response intensity. Ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2 yielded the largest edemogenic activity at 3 h. Intergroup differences at 6 h were not significant. The histological analysis showed progressive repair over time (p<0.05) and aqueous and ethanolic extracts produced similar responses to those of the control and Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol groups. Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts used as Ca(OH)2 vehicles evoked similar tissue response when compared to Ca(OH)2 associated with propylene glycol.

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RESUMO

Objectives: Evaluate, in vivo, the influence of mixing failures on endodontic sealers. Material and Methods: To alveolus analysis, 80 rats were divided into Sealapex® and AH Plus® groups. Within each group, the sealer was subjected to either partial (incomplete homogenization­ simulating handling failures) or total mixing (complete homogenization) over two periods of 7 and 30 days (n = 20). The maxillary incisor was extracted and a polyethylene tube containing the sealer was inserted. To quantify edema, 40 male rats were divided into four groups (n = 10). The animals received 2% Evans Blue intravenously, and either AH Plus® or Sealapex® was injected subcutaneously. The rats were euthanized after 3 or 6 hours and analyzed in a spectrophotometer (630 ƞm). To analyze the subcutaneous tissue, 20 rats received polyethylene tube implants with the sealers in the dorsal area (n=10), then euthanized after either 7 or 30 days, and inflammation was evaluated according to an inflammatory cells score. Results: In the alveolar 7-day group, control group presented an inflammation score 1, while all other groups presented a score 2, except AH plus® total mix group (3). After 30 days, all groups presented a score 1. The edemogenic test showed less edema in Sealapex® groups (p < 0.5). In subcutaneous 7-day period, all groups presented score 2. In 30 days, all groups revealed score 1, except AH Plus® partial mix group (2). Conclusion: Regarding mixing of the sealers, there were no significant differences among the groups (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar, in vivo, a influência das falhas de espatulação de cimentos endodônticos. Material e Métodos: Para análise alveolar, 80 ratos foram divididos nos grupos Sealapex® e AH Plus®. Em cada grupo, o cimento foi espatulado de forma parcial (homogeneização incompleta, simulando falhas) ou total (homogeneização completa) em dois períodos de 7 e 30 dias (n=20). O incisivo superior foi extraído e um tubo de polietileno contendo o cimento foi inserido. Para quantificar edema, 40 ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos (n = 10). Os animais receberam Azul de Evans 2% intravenoso, e AH Plus® ou Sealapex® injetados no tecido subcutâneo. Após 3 ou 6 horas foram eutanasiados e analisados em espectrofotômetro (630 ƞm). Para analisar a resposta subcutânea, 20 ratos receberam implantes de tubo de polietileno com os cimentos na região dorsal (n = 10), eutanasiados após 7 ou 30 dias, e a inflamação foi avaliada de acordo com um escore de células inflamatórias. Resultados: Na análise alveolar em 7 dias, o grupo controle apresentou escore 1 de inflamação, enquanto que todos os outros grupos apresentaram 2, com exceção do AH plus® espatulação total (3). Após 30 dias, todos os grupos apresentaram escore 1. O teste edemogênico mostrou menor edema nos grupos Sealapex® (p < 0,5). No período subcutâneo de 7 dias, todos os grupos apresentaram escore 2. Em 30 dias, todos os grupos revelaram escore 1, exceto AH Plus® espatulação parcial (2). Conclusão: Não houve diferença estatística significante entre os cimentos quanto à espatulação. (AU)

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