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AIM: To investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian version of the Abbreviated Suicidal Narrative Inventory (SNI-38). METHODS: We used an anonymous online questionnaire of the SNI-38 and self-report measures administered between November 2020 and October 2021 in the Brazilian community. Participants were recruited through social media advertisements. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the factor structure of the SNI-38. In addition, we examined internal consistency, and convergent validity against stressful life events, the suicide crisis syndrome, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. RESULTS: 2660 participants were included. The eight-factor model SNI-38 had a good model fit (χ2[637] = 7,473.98, p < .001, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .06); all items were significantly and positively loaded onto their respective factors (factor loadings ≥ .45). Reliability was good to high in all subscales except goal disengagement. Additionally, all subscales - except goal disengagement - were correlated positively which the suicide crisis syndrome, stressful life events, lifetime/past-month suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary support for the validity of the Brazilian version of the SNI-38, being an appropriate and valid tool for measuring suicidal narrative among Brazilian samples.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian version of the Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI-2) among Brazilian adults. METHODS: The SCI-2 was cross-culturally adapted into Portuguese and administered to 2,265 individuals in the Brazilian community. Confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, and convergent and criterion validity against the suicidal narrative, stressful life events, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts were examined. RESULTS: The revised one-factor model of the SCI-2 resulted in adequate, but not optimal, model fit (χ2[1539] = 31,442.79, p < .001, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, RMSEA = .09, SRMR = .05). The revised five-factor model, on the other hand, demonstrated good fit (χ2[1529] = 14,174.86, p < .001, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .04). Comparison of these two models indicated that the five-factor exhibited a superior model fit to the one-factor model. The SCI-2 total and subscales showed strong internal consistency, good convergent, and criterion validity in relation to stressful life events, suicidal narrative (except goal disengagement subscale), suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the Brazilian version of the SCI-2 is a valid tool for measuring symptoms of the Suicide Crisis Syndrome.

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The present study aimed to evaluate if sepsis sensitizes behavioural and biochemical responses induced by m-amphetamine. For this, Wistar rats were submitted to the cecal ligation and puncture. After 30 days of cecal ligation and puncture procedure, the animals were submitted to a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or m-amphetamine (.25, .50, or 1.0 mg/kg). Locomotor behaviour was assessed 2 h after the administration. Interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor-α, dopamine-cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32,000 kDa (DARPP-32) and neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) levels were evaluated in the frontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuronal growth factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed in the hippocampus. M-amphetamine alone (.25 and 1.0 mg/kg) increased rats' locomotion and exploratory behaviour compared with the Sham + Sal. Animals from the cecal ligation and puncture + m-amphetamine (.5 and/or 1.0 mg/kg) group showed an increase in locomotion, exploratory and risk-like behaviour when compared with the Sham + Saline group and with its respective Sham groups. Cecal ligation and puncture increased interleukin levels compared with the Sham + Sal. However, cecal ligation and puncture animals that received m-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) increased even more, these inflammatory parameters compared with the Sham + Sal and the cecal ligation and puncture + saline group. M-amphetamine at lower doses increased neurotrophic factors, but higher doses decreased these parameters in the brain of cecal ligation and puncture rats. M-amphetamine dose-dependently increased DARPP-32 and NCS-1 levels in cecal ligation and puncture rats in some structures. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that sepsis sensitizes behavioural amphetamine responses while inducing inflammatory and neurotrophic vulnerability in the cecal ligation and puncture model.

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Objective: To evaluate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Brazilian version of the Suicide Crisis Inventory-2 (SCI-2) among Brazilian adults. Methods: The SCI-2 was cross-culturally adapted into Portuguese and administered to 2,265 Brazilian participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity by using measures such as suicidal narratives, stressful life events, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Results: The revised one-factor model of the SCI-2 demonstrated an adequate, although not optimal, model fit (χ2[1539] = 31,442.79, p < 0.001, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.09, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = 0.05). The revised five-factor model, on the other hand, demonstrated good fit (χ2[1529] = 14,174.86, p < 0.001, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04). Comparison of these two models indicated that the five-factor model had a better fit than the one-factor model. Both the total and subscale scores of the SCI-2 showed strong internal consistency and good convergent and criterion validity in relation to stressful life events, suicidal narratives (excluding the goal disengagement subscale), suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Brazilian version of the SCI-2 is a valid tool for assessing symptoms of suicidal crisis syndrome.

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BACKGROUND: Stressful life events are associated with higher odds of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Furthermore, stressful life events can trigger specific symptoms, including the suicidal narrative and suicide crisis syndrome, resulting in an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examined the moderating role of suicide risk in the relationship between stressful life events, the suicidal narrative, and the suicide crisis syndrome. METHODS: 2,260 adults completed an online survey recruited through advertisements on social media. The level of emotional distress was assessed through the Suicide Narrative Inventory, Suicide Crisis Inventory-2, Stressful Life Events Questionnaire, and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The PROCESS macro (Hayes) was used to analyze the moderation models. RESULTS: Stressful life events were positively correlated with the suicidal narrative and suicide crisis syndrome. The effects of stressful life events on suicidal narrative and suicide crisis syndrome were strongest when suicide risk was low and weakest when suicide risk was high. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that including stressful life events as part of suicide risk assessment in general and clinical settings is critical to managing treatment for suicidal thoughts and developing adaptive coping.

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There is a growing body of evidence about the potential of diet and nutrients to improve the population's mental health and the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Some studies have suggested that resveratrol has therapeutic properties in mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and autism. In addition, resveratrol is known to induce several benefits modulated by multiple synergistic pathways, which control oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. This review collects the currently available data from animal and human studies and discusses the potential mechanisms of action of resveratrol in prevention and therapy for psychiatric disorders.

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This study aimed to evaluate Haloperidol's (Hal) effects on the behavioral, neurotrophic factors, and epigenetic parameters in an animal model of schizophrenia (SCZ) induced by ketamine (Ket). Injections of Ket or saline were administered intraperitoneal (once a day) between the 1st and 14th days of the experiment. Water or Hal was administered via gavage between the 8th and 14th experimental days. Thirty minutes after the last injection, the animals were subjected to behavioral analysis. The activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and histone acetyltransferase and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were evaluated in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Ket increased the covered distance and time spent in the central area of the open field, and Hal did not reverse these behavioral alterations. Significant increases in the DNMT and HDAC activities were detected in the frontal cortex and striatum from rats that received Ket, Hal, or a combination thereof. Besides, Hal per se increased the activity of DNMT and HDAC in the hippocampus of rats. Hal per se or the association of Ket plus Hal decreased BDNF, NGF, NT-3, and GDNF, depending on the brain region and treatment regimen. The administration of Hal can alter the levels of neurotrophic factors and the activity of epigenetic enzymes, which can be a factor in the development of effect collateral in SCZ patients. However, the precise mechanisms involved in these alterations are still unclear.

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Preclinical genetic studies have related stress early exposures with changes in gene regulatory mechanisms, including epigenetic alterations, such as modifications of DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and histones acetylation. This study evaluates the effects of prenatal stress on the behavior, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, and epigenetic parameters in stressed dams and their offspring. The rats were subjected to a protocol of chronic unpredictable mild stress on the fourteenth day of pregnancy until the birth of offspring. After birth, maternal care was evaluated for six days. Following weaning, the locomotor and depressive-like behaviors of the dams and their offspring (60 days old) were assessed. The HPA axis parameters were evaluated in serum from dams and offspring, and epigenetic parameters (histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activities, and the levels of histone H3 acetylated at lysine residue 9 (H3K9ac) and histone 3 acetylated at lysine residue 14 (H3K14ac)) were assessed in dams' and offspring' brains. Prenatal stress did not significantly influence maternal care; however, it induced manic behavior in female offspring. These behavioral alterations in the offspring were accompanied by hyperactivity of the HPA-axis, epigenetic adaptations in the activity of HDAC and DNMT, and acetylation in the histones H3K9 and H3K14. In addition, the prenatal stressed female offspring showed increased levels of ACTH compared to their male counterpart. Our findings reinforce the impact of prenatal stress on behavior, stress response, and epigenetic profile of offspring.

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BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and severe mental disorder that affects 1-3 % of the world population. Studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the physiopathology of this psychiatry disorder. Folic acid (FA), a vitamin from the B complex, is a nutraceutical that has recently been researched as a possible treatment for BD since folate is reduced in patients with the disorder. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of lithium (Li) and FA on behavioral changes and oxidative stress parameters in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain (OUA). METHODS: Wistar rats received a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of OUA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). From the day following ICV injection, the rats were treated for seven days with gavage injections of Li (47.5 mg/kg/mL), FA (50 mg/kg/mL), or water (1 mL/kg). On the 7th day after OUA injection, locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test. In addition, the oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in rats' frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. RESULTS: OUA induced mania-like behavior and oxidative stress in rats' brains, but Li could reverse these alterations. FA did not affect behavior parameters; however, it presents an antioxidant effect on the brain structures evaluated. LIMITATIONS: The study was only evaluated male rats and ICV injection is an invasive procedure. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that even though FA has an effect against the oxidative stress induced by OUA, this effect was not strong enough to interfere with behavior parameters.

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