RESUMO
The monotypic genus PneumoatractisBursey, Reavill, and Greiner, 2009 was erected to allocate nematodes collected from the lungs of the freshwater turtle Podocnemis unifilis Troschel. During a helminthological survey of parasites from freshwater turtles of Tocantins and Xingu rivers, Pará State, eastern Amazon, Brazil, we found nematodes parasitizing the stomach and large intestine of Po. unifilis and Podocnemis expansa Schweigger. We assigned them to a new species of Pneumoatractis, which is described herein. Pneumoatractis gibbonsae n. sp. resembles Pneumoatractis podocnemis by the morphology of the oral opening, the position of the excretory pore, and the lanceolate shape of the spicules, but differs from it in males by having 10 pairs of caudal papillae plus 1 unpaired anterior to cloacal lip, different length of the right spicule, and short gubernaculum; it differs in females by the distances of vulva and anus from the posterior end respectively. We found the new species in a different infection site from that of the type species. Thus, this is the second species of Pneumoatractis described in Po. unifilis and the first in Po. expansa.
Assuntos
Ascaridídios , Tartarugas , Feminino , Masculino , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Água Doce , RiosRESUMO
Rhabdias fuelleborni was described by Travassos (1926), who identified it in the lungs of Rhinella gr. marina (=Bufo marinus) from São Paulo. Later, Kloss (1971) added new information on the morphology and diagnosis of the species and new data on host and localities. However, its taxonomic status remains uncertain, due in particular to the morphological uniformity of Rhabdias spp., while the original description lacks important morphological data. In the present study, we found and reevaluated the type series of R. fuelleborni, as well as examining fresh material obtained from the type host and type locality, using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular tools. The type series was deposited by Travassos (1926), and according to museum records the type locality is Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our morphological and molecular analyses reinforce the taxonomic validity of this species, while molecular phylogeny identified a close relationship between R. fuelleborni and Rhabdias sp.4 and Rhabdias sp. from other studies, and from bufonids. Also R. fuelleborni are sister taxa with R. cf. stenocephala from Leptodactylidae from the northeast of Brazil and R. vencesi from Boophis madagascarariensis, Madagascar, according to mitochondrial COI gene.
Assuntos
Rhabdiasoidea , Animais , Filogenia , Brasil , Genes Mitocondriais , Bufo marinusRESUMO
Parapharyngodon spp. are nematodes parasites of amphibian and reptiles worldwide distributed. Of 55 valid species, only 11 are known for the Neotropical realm, and six were found parasitizing hylid frogs in the world. In the present work, we describe a new species of Parapharyngodon from the large intestine of Osteocephalus taurinus from Reserva de Desenvolvimento Mamirauá, Amazonas, Brazil, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Parapharyngodon curupira n. sp. is allocated to the group of species with three pairs of cloacal papillae. However, it shows a set of different morphological characters compared to its congeners. In the new species, males have gubernaculum and smooth cloacal lip, females have pre-bulbar ovaries, and we also observed some morphometric differences. Among Parapharyngodon spp. from the Neotropical realm, the new taxon resembles P. alverangai and P. politoedi. The last species was described from the same host and biome (Amazon); however, they can be easily distinguished from new species by the presence of gubernaculum and v-shape structure at the lower caudal lip. Thus, we characterize and propose a new species of Parapharyngodon from the western amazon.
Assuntos
Nematoides , Oxyuroidea , Parasitos , Animais , Anuros/parasitologia , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Nematoides/anatomia & histologia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Ochoterenatrema is a small genus of lecithodendriid digeneans that includes six species parasitic in Neotropical bats in North and South America. Members of this genus are characterized by the presence of a pseudogonotyl formed by thickened tegument on the left side of the ventral sucker. We examined morphology of specimens belonging to five species of Ochoterenatrema from Brazil, Ecuador and the USA and describe two new Ochoterenatrema spp. (Ochoterenatrema sphaerula n. sp. and Ochoterenatrema gracilis n. sp.). These new species are readily differentiated from their congeners by a combination of morphological characters, including the distribution of vitelline follicles and the body shape. We have provided the first DNA sequences for Ochoterenatrema. Newly generated partial nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences were used to differentiate among species and study the phylogenetic affinities of Ochoterenatrema spp., including one of the new species, O. gracilis n. sp., as well as Ochoterenatrema diminutum, Ochoterenatrema fraternum and Ochoterenatrema cf. labda. The phylogeny of the Microphalloidea based on 28S had well-supported topology, particularly at the family level. The Ochoterenatrema clade was strongly supported; however, the internal topology of the clade was weakly supported. Comparison of sequences revealed 0.4-1.3% interspecific divergence in 28S and 9.1-19.7% interspecific divergence in cox1 among Ochoterenatrema spp. We hypothesize that extremely diverse fauna of bats in South and Central America harbors multiple undescribed species of Ochoterenatrema. Several lecithodendriid genera from bats and other hosts are yet to be included in future molecular phylogenetic analyses to test the monophyly of this extremely diverse digenean family and analyze evolutionary affinities of its constituent taxa.
Assuntos
Quirópteros , Trematódeos , Infecções por Trematódeos , Animais , Brasil , Quirópteros/parasitologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterináriaRESUMO
Allintoshius Chitwood, 1937 is the only genus of the family Ornithostrongylidae (Travassos, 1937) Durette-Desset and Chabaud, 1981 that parasitizes bats. Currently, there are 10 valid species in the genus, of which 3 were described from Brazil. This study describes a new species of Allintoshius and records the first occurrence of a nematode of this genus parasitizing Artibeus lituratus (Olfers). Allintoshius gomesae n. sp. is characterized by having anterior region coiled, cephalic vesicle with cuticular dilation striated transversely, and claviform esophagus. Synlophe in females consists of 16 cuticular ridges at the mid-body. Males have large caudal bursa, and conic and small spicules, and the gubernaculum is absent. Females have uterus didelphic, amphidelphic, tail tip tapered, and ovijector divided into 2 divergent branches, subequal in length. The new species differs from its congeners especially by the shape of the tail tip, vulvar opening, and size of spicules. Allintoshius gomesae is the fourth species of Allintoshius from Brazil and the first report in Ar. lituratus, increasing the number of species recognized of the genus.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/parasitologia , Heligmosomatoidea/classificação , Infecções por Strongylida/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Quirópteros/classificação , Feminino , Heligmosomatoidea/anatomia & histologia , Heligmosomatoidea/isolamento & purificação , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Masculino , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologiaRESUMO
The Amazon region is an important region for biodiversity, and many new species are described for this region each year. However, the diversity of parasites infecting Amazonian reptiles is still poorly known, and there are few studies about how parasite communities of these hosts are structured. Our study was designed to elucidate the parasite community structure of Thecadactylus rapicauda, one of the largest species of gekkonid lizards in the world, and to discover the relative utility of size, sex, and body mass of Thecadactylus rapicauda as predictive factors of the abundance of helminth parasites. We analyzed 40 individuals of T. rapicauda, of which 34 had parasites (85% of prevalence), with 269 specimens allocated to 10 species. Body size of the host showed a positive influence on the abundance of helminths. Host sex is another important factor related to the abundance of nematodes: females were usually heavily infected. We conclude that T. rapicauda has a high richness of the helminth species and that most of the species found infecting this host were nematodes with a direct life cycle. Additionally, we found new helminth species, which should be described formally in the future.
Assuntos
Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Helmintos/classificação , Lagartos/parasitologia , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Lagartos/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Anenterotrema is a small genus of dicrocoeliids (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) containing 6 species found in Neotropical bats. Members of this genus are characterized by the lack of digestive system organs and, unlike the majority of dicrocoeliids, parasitize the intestine of their definitive hosts. In this study, we have morphologically examined newly collected specimens belonging to four species of Anenterotrema from Brazil, Ecuador, and Panama. Based on the data in original descriptions and our analysis of quality new specimens, we resurrected Anenterotrema freitasi, previously synonymized with A. eduardocaballeroi. We also described a new species of Anenterotrema from Molossus molossus in the Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from congeners in several morphological features, most prominently in the size and structure of its highly muscular, protuberant ventral sucker. It is also characterized by the lack of the semi-circular thickening of the tegument around the oral sucker typical for some members of the genus. We used partial DNA sequences of the large ribosomal subunit gene (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) to test the monophyly of Anenterotrema, and study the interrelationships and determine the inter- and intraspecific variation of three Anenterotrema spp. collected from different bat species in Brazil, Ecuador and Panama.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/parasitologia , Dicrocoeliidae/classificação , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Dicrocoeliidae/anatomia & histologia , Dicrocoeliidae/genética , Genes Mitocondriais , Filogenia , Especificidade da Espécie , Infecções por Trematódeos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Cosmocercoides meridionalis n. sp. is described from the large and small intestines of 5 species of tree frogs belonging to the families Hylidae and Phyllomedusidae collected from 2 localities in Southern Amazonia. The new species is allocated to the genus Cosmocercoides Wilkie, 1930, due to the presence of papillae in rosettes, which are complex caudal papillae surrounded by punctuations. Cosmocercoides meridionalis n. sp. differs from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: the absence of the gubernaculum, the total length of the female (twice the size of the male), and the presence of 26 rosette papillae with a unique arrangement and distribution pattern: 11 pre-cloacal pairs, 1 ad-cloacal pair, and 1 post-cloacal pair. This is the first species of the genus described from the Amazonia region.
Assuntos
Anuros/parasitologia , Ascaridídios/classificação , Intestinos/parasitologia , Animais , Ascaridídios/anatomia & histologia , Ascaridídios/isolamento & purificação , Ascaridídios/ultraestrutura , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
Metadelphis tkachi n. sp. is described based on material from the gall-bladder of Molossus molossus (Pallas) (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. The main differentiating characters of the new species include lobed, tandem testes and elongated clusters of vitelline follicles commencing at the level of the seminal receptacle. The new species can be distinguished from Metadelphis lenti (Santos & Gibson, 1998) and Metadelphis apharyngotrema (Marshall & Miller, 1979) by the shape and position of the testes; from Metadelphis evandroi Travassos, 1944 by having tandem, lobed testes and shorter clusters of vitelline follicles; from Metadelphis compactus Travassos, 1955 by having tandem testes and more elongated clusters of vitelline follicles, and from Metadelphis alverangai Travassos, 1955 by having smaller testes and body, and vitellarium with large follicles. New morphological data are reported for M. lenti based on light and scanning electron microscopy; intraspecific variation was observed.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/parasitologia , Dicrocoeliidae/classificação , Dicrocoeliidae/fisiologia , Vesícula Biliar/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Dicrocoeliidae/anatomia & histologia , Dicrocoeliidae/ultraestrutura , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Leptodactylus paraensis Heyer, is a Neotropical anuran species that inhabits Rainforest habitats in the eastern Amazon, but because it has only been recently separated from the Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti) species group, little is known about its helminth fauna. This study describes a new species of Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917 and records the first occurrence of this genus parasitising L. paraensis and the second species for the Caxiuanã National Forest in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. Oswaldocruzia lanfrediae n. sp. is characterised by having an anterior extremity with a smooth cephalic vesicle divided into two portions, a claviform oesophagus, well-developed cuticular longitudinal ridges and lateral alae. Females have a well-developed ovojector, with didelphic and amphidelphic uteri. Males show complex robust spicules divided into a slightly curved shoe, a bifurcated fork and a blade terminating in 2-3 processes. The new species differs from its congeners especially regarding the lateral alae and the morphology of the spicules, in addition to morphometric characters such as body size, oesophagus length, deirid position, nerve-ring position and relative position of the vulva in females.