RESUMO
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a pleiotropic peptide hormone that is considered a myokine playing a role in a variety of endocrine functions, including regulation of glucose transport and lipid metabolism. Although FGF21 has been associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells, its cellular mechanism in adult skeletal muscle fibers glucose uptake is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that FGF21 induced a dose-response effect, increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle fibers from flexor digitorum brevis muscle of mice, evaluated using the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG (300 µM) in single living fibers. This effect was prevented by the use of either Cytochalasin B (5 µM) or Indinavir (100 µM), both antagonists of GLUT4 activity. The use of PI3K inhibitors such as Wortmannin (100 nM) and LY294002 (50 µM) completely prevented the FGF21-dependent glucose uptake. In fibers electroporated with the construct encoding GLUT4myc-eGFP chimera and stimulated with FGF21 (100 ng/mL), a strong sarcolemmal GLUT4 label was detected. This effect promoted by FGF21 was demonstrated to be dependent on atypical PKC-ζ, by using selective PKC inhibitors. FGF21 at low concentrations potentiated the effect of insulin on glucose uptake but at high concentrations, completely inhibited the uptake in the presence of insulin. These results suggest that FGF21 regulates glucose uptake by a mechanism mediated by GLUT4 and dependent on atypical PKC-ζ- in skeletal muscle.
RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension (HT) awareness and the influence of age, sex and body mass index on the degree of control of HT in the population of Maracaibo, State of Zulia, Venezuela. It included 7424 subjects, 3640 males (M) and 3784 females (F). Information was collected through domiciliary visits with a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Hypertension was defined as such when values were > or =140 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and > or =90 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In the total sample, 36.9% were hypertensive. A higher prevalence in M (45.2%) than in F (28.9%), was observed. The percentage of HT increased with age in both genders. There was a high percentage of hypertensives with obesity (73.5%) which did not vary when discriminating for gender and age. Obese subjects were more prone to have HT until age 50. Those younger than 40 took less medication but were proportionally better controlled. Of the hypertensive population 54.3% were not aware of their condition, of 45.7% remaining, 22.8% did not have regular control visits, 18.4% inspite of medication were not controlled and only 4.5% were well controlled. Better control was observed in F (6.2%) than in M (3.3%), P < 0.001. It is concluded that HT is a serious public health problem because of its high prevalence and lack of control, and it is necessary to implement educational and medical programmes for the detection and control of this disease.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento , População Urbana , Venezuela/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Transplante de Células/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/cirurgia , Encefalopatia Hepática/cirurgia , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/métodos , Fígado/citologia , Transplante Heterólogo/métodos , Animais , Cápsulas , Separação Celular , Galactosamina/toxicidade , Hepatectomia , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/citologia , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/fisiologia , Testes de Função Hepática , Fígado Artificial , Pâncreas Artificial , Pancreatectomia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Suínos , Transplante Heterólogo/fisiologiaAssuntos
Transplante de Células , Encefalopatia Hepática/terapia , Fígado/citologia , Transplante Heterólogo/métodos , Alginatos , Animais , Biopolímeros , Cápsulas , Galactosamina , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Encefalopatia Hepática/induzido quimicamente , Testes de Função Hepática , Polilisina/análogos & derivados , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Taxa de Sobrevida , Suínos , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante Heterólogo/fisiologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension (H) and its distribution according to gender, age group, body mass index (BMI) in the population of Maracaibo, Venezuela. 7.424 subjects were included, 3.640 males (M) and 3.784 females (F). Information was collected by means of domiciliary visits with a History and Physical Exam designed for this purpose. H was defined as Systolic Blood Pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure > or = 90 mmHg. A prevalence of 36.9% of H in the total sample was found with a higher prevalence in M, 45.2%, than in F 28.9%. It increased progressively with age in both genders. Only 4.5% of hypertensive patients were well controlled, 41.2% of patients diagnosed as hypertensive, were not well controlled (DBP > or = 90 mmHg), and 54.3% hypertensives did not know about their condition. Patients with BMI > or = 25 Kg/m2 had a prevalence twice as patients with BMI < 25 Kg/m2 (47.6% Vs 24.2%). It is concluded that H is a serious problem of public health because of it's high prevalence and lack of control, and it is necessary to implement educational and medical programs for the detection and control of this disease.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Peso Corporal , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Distribuição por Sexo , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Splenic abscess remains a rare entity, reserved for patients with predisposing factors or immunosuppressive conditions. In our 13 patients in which a splenic abscess was diagnosed pre- or intra-operatively, an average of 14 days past before the diagnosis was made. Main symptoms were fever, upper left abdominal pain, auscultatory left basal anomalies and splenomegaly. Culture from the spleen material included E. coli, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Salmonella and Streptococcus v. Although splenectomy has been considered the standard procedure for this pathology, we treated our last three patients by means of Computed Tomography Percutaneous Drainage (C.T.G.P.D.). There was no need for splenectomy after this procedure and there were no complications associated with the C. T. G. P. D.
Assuntos
Abscesso/diagnóstico , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico , Abscesso/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Drenagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esplenectomia , Esplenopatias/cirurgiaRESUMO
A study in 64 patients with a high risk of wound dehiscence or eviscerated wounds or in whom repeat laparotomies for peritoneal lavages due to sepsis were planned was accomplished using adjustable nylon ties for the closure of the abdominal wall, either as retention sutures or as one-layer sutures. The adjustable nylon ties are described, as well as the technique for placing and adjusting them. It is concluded that the adjustable nylon ties can substitute advantageously for the conventional retention sutures since the former are wider, easy to place, and can be readjusted to the point that they can be opened completely if it is necessary and then closed again. This is especially useful when repeat laparotomies for peritoneal lavages are required in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis.