RESUMO
Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, different animal species have been implicated as possible intermediate hosts that could facilitate the transmission of the virus between species. The detection of these hosts has intensified, reporting wild, zoo, farm, and pet animals. The goal of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG) in domestic dogs and cats and its epidemiological association with the frequency of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Villavicencio, Colombia. Methods: 300 dogs and 135 cats were randomly selected in a two-stage distribution by clusters according to COVID-19 cases (positive RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2) within the human population distributed within the eight communes of Villavicencio. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was applied in order to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in sera samples. Kernel density estimation was used to compare the prevalence of COVID-19 cases with the seropositivity of dogs and cats. Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 4.6% (95% CI=3.2-7.4). In canines, 3.67% (95% CI=2.1-6.4) and felines 6.67% (95% CI=3.6-12.18). Kernel density estimation indicated that seropositive cases were concentrated in the southwest region of the city. There was a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in pet animals and their habitat in Commune 2 (adjusted OR=5.84; 95% CI=1.1-30.88). Spearman's correlation coefficients were weakly positive ( p=0.32) between the ratio of COVID-19 cases in November 2020 and the results for domestic dogs and cats from the eight communes of Villavicencio. Conclusions: In the present research cats were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than dogs. This study provides the first positive results of anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA serological tests in domestic dogs and cats in Colombia with information about the virus transmission dynamics in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Humanos , Gatos , Cães , Animais , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/veterinária , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunoglobulina GRESUMO
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex compounds generated from industrial and anthropogenic activities, although natural phenomena are also responsible for their presence in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phenanthrene on proximate composition and antioxidant activity in Piaractus brachypomus during a subacute exposure. Fish were exposed intraperitoneally to phenanthrene (0.1, 1.0, and 10⯵gâ¯g-1) and a solvent control (0⯵gâ¯g-1). Muscle tissue, liver and bile were collected at 0â¯h, 11â¯days and 21â¯days. In dorsal muscle, parameters such as dry matter, protein, crude fat, and pH did not show alterations with exposure to phenanthrene (pâ¯≥â¯0.05). At 11â¯days, a significant increase of hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in fish exposed to 10⯵gâ¯g-1. Additionally, a dose-dependent response was observed in the muscle, although no significant differences were observed in the activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation. Phenanthrene metabolites in bile were analyzed by fixed fluorescence at 260/380â¯nm (excitation/emission) wavelengths and levels indicated a dose-dependent response. Likewise, bioaccumulation of phenanthrene in bile was observed for 21â¯days, suggesting slow metabolism of this xenobiotic at 10⯵gâ¯g-1. This study provides important information on the oxidative effects generated by phenanthrene exposure for 21â¯days in P. brachypomus, generating fundamental information on adverse effects induced by PAHs on the most important Colombian native fish species. These data contribute to the development of additional research in environments contaminated with PAHs and can be applied to monitor areas contaminated with oil spills.
Assuntos
Characidae/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenantrenos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Xenobióticos/toxicidade , Animais , Bile/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Músculos/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Poluição por Petróleo , Fenantrenos/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Xenobióticos/metabolismoRESUMO
The studies evaluating the impact of environmental pollution on aquatic organisms have had a growing concern in recent decades. The Ocoa River runs through Villavicencio city, receiving the wastewater produced in the city. To date studies reporting the effect and the consequences of Ocoa River pollution on aquatic organisms inhabiting this water body are unknown. Haematological and genotoxicity biomarkers were evaluated in peripheral blood of two native fish species Astyanax gr. bimaculatus and Aequidens metae during rainy and dry season at three different sites of Ocoa River called Nacimiento (site 1, before entering the city), Centauros (site 2, inside the city), Caño Seco (site 3, after the city). Also, fish from a reference site with little likelihood of contamination were sampled. Alterations such as decrease in erythrocyte count, lymphocytes, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit percentage, and increased thrombocytes and neutrophils counts, together with nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes such as increased frequency of micronuclei, lobed, blebbed and notched nuclei and binucleate cells were observed in fish from the site 3, followed by the site 2 in rainy season. These results shown that during rainy season, sites 2 and 3 receive domestic and industrial wastewater leading to genotoxic and haematological changes in the monitored organisms.