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BACKGROUND: Universities' training process intensely relies on face-to-face education. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted it and forced them to reinvent their process online. But this crisis seems not to be the last we will face, and we take it as a lesson to prepare for future crises. These critical contexts are especially challenging because they imply changing teaching strategies, and students may not have the technology access or the living conditions to connect as they need. They also lived through a pandemic where the virus and the life changes added stress to their learning process and threatened their well-being. So, this study aims to analyze how well-being variations reported by Health sciences students relate to their learning opportunities, access conditions, and daily activities. METHOD: We surveyed 910 Health sciences students from six different Chilean universities at the end of the first semester of 2020, the first in pandemic conditions. Respondents answered online questionnaires about 1) Remote teaching activities, 2) Learning resources availability, 3) Daily life activities, and 4) Well-being changes. We performed descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. RESULTS: Live videoconference classes were the most frequent teaching activity; only a third of the students had quiet spaces to study online, and most had to housekeep daily. More than two third reported some well-being deterioration. The structural equation model showed a good fit. CONCLUSION: Results show an online learning scenario that tries to emulate traditional learning focusing on expositive strategies. Most students reported that their well-being deteriorated during the semester, but tutorials, workplace availability, and social support were protective factors.

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PURPOSE: To examine nativity differences in the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive impairment among Mexican Americans aged ≥ 65 years with normal or high cognitive function at baseline over a 20-year period. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 2,155 non-institutionalized Mexican Americans aged ≥ 65 years from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly) who scored ≥ 21 in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline. Measures included socio-demographics, body mass index, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, physical function, disability, HGS quartiles (sex-adjusted), and MMSE. We used generalized estimating equation models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 21) as a function of HGS quartile by nativity and adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: US-born and foreign-born participants in the 4th quartile (highest) of HGS at baseline had lower odds of cognitive impairment over time compared with those in the 1st (lowest) HGS quartile (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.90-0.99 and OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.89-0.98, respectively), after controlling for all covariates. When we analyzed HGS quartiles as time-varying, we found that US-born participants in the 3rd and 4th HGS quartile had 25% and 30% lower odds of cognitive impairment, respectively, while foreign-born participants in the 3rd and 4th HGS quartile had 27% and 49% lower odds of cognitive impairment over time, respectively, after controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSION: Foreign-born older Mexican Americans who performed high in HGS experienced 7% lower odds of cognitive impairment over time compared with US-born older Mexican Americans.

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INTRODUCTION: Due to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, 220 million college students in the world had to halt face-to-face teaching and migrate to what has been called Emergency Remote Teaching, using virtual media, but without adequate preparation. The way this has impacted the student body and its satisfaction with the training process is unknown and there are no instruments backed by specific validity and reliability studies for this teaching context. This is why this study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale applied to Chilean health sciences students. METHOD: Quantitative study by means of surveys. We surveyed 1,006 health careers undergraduates chosen by convenience sampling. They came from six Chilean universities, located over a distance of 3,020 kilometers and followed 7 different careers. Women comprised the 78.53%. They answered the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale online to evaluate their perception of the first Emergency Remote Teaching term in 2020. RESULTS: A descriptive analysis of the items showed a moderate to positive evaluation of the teaching. The Confirmatory Factorial Analysis showed an adequate adjustment of the theoretical four factors model to the data obtained (CFI = 0.959; TLI = 0.953; RMSEA = 0.040). Correlations among factors oscillated from r = 0.21 to r = 0.69. The measurement invariance analysis supported the Configural, Metric and a partial Scalar model. Differences were found in three of the four factors when comparing the first-year students with those of later years. Finally, the Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients were over 0.70. DISCUSSION: The results display initial psychometric evidence supporting the validity and reliability of the Remote Teaching Satisfaction Scale to assess academic satisfaction in Chilean health careers students. Likewise, it is seen that first-year students show higher satisfaction levels about the implemented teaching.

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The COVID-19 crisis has produced worldwide changes from people's lifestyles to travel restrictions imposed by world's nations aiming to keep the virus out. Several countries have created digital information applications to help control and manage the COVID-19 crisis, such as the creation of contact tracing apps. The Peruvian government in collaboration with several institutions developed PerúEnTusManos, an epidemiological tracing application. The application uses georeferencing to study users' movements and creates individual mobility patterns from the Peruvian citizens as well as detects crowds. In this article, we present a process to detect possible infected individuals based on probabilities assigned to people that had contact with someone who tested positive for COVID-19, using data collected from PerúEnTusManos. The preliminary evaluation shows promising results when detecting probabilities of possible infected individuals as well as the most infected districts in Peru. The ultimate goal of the application in Peru is to provide reliable information to health authorities to make informed decisions about the assignations of the available clinical tests and the economic re-activation.

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Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos y actitudes sobre los principales signos y síntomas de alarma durante el embarazo en las gestantes hospitalizadas en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Regional de Ica, enero 2017.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. En 150 gestantes hospitalizadas en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Regional de Ica. Se empleó una encuesta como instrumento de recolección de datos. Resultados: Existe una asociación entre el nivel de conocimientos y las actitudes adoptadas por las gestantes (X2 =89.303; gl=4; p=0.000). El nivel de conocimiento es alto con un 70.7% y las actitudes son favorables con un 95.3%. El 70.7% tiene entre 20 a 34 años; el 61.3% son de estado civil conviviente, el 50% tienen grado superior y el 85.3% convive con su pareja, el 37.3% están gestando por primera vez, el 67.3% se encuentran en la segunda mitad del embarazo, el 86.7% conoce sobre los signos y síntomas de alarma, de estos el 96.7% refiere haber recibido la información por parte de un profesional de la salud. Los signos y síntomas de alarma más reconocidos por las gestantes fueron: el Sangrado vaginal, fiebre y pérdida de líquido amniótico. Conclusiones: Existe una correlación entre las variables de estudio, ya que a mayor nivel de conocimiento se muestra una mejor actitud frente a los signos y síntomas de alarma. (AU)

Objetive: To determine the knowledge and attitudes about the main signs and symptoms of alarm during pregnancy in pregnant women hospitalized at the Obstetrics Service of the Regional Hospital of Ica, January 2017. Materials and Methods: A prospective, descriptive and Of cross-section. In 150 pregnant women hospitalized in the Obstetrics Service of the Regional Hospital of Ica. A survey was used as an instrument of data collection. Results: There is an association between the level of knowledge and the attitudes adopted by pregnant women (X2 = 89.303; gl = 4; p = 0.000). The level of knowledge is high with 70.7% and attitudes are favorable with 95.3%. 70.7% are between 20 and 34 years old; 61.3% are married, 50% have a higher degree and 85.3% live with their partner, 37.3% are pregnant for the first time, 67.3% are in the second half of pregnancy, 86.7% are aware of The signs and symptoms of alarm, of these 96.7% refer to having received the information from a health professional. The signs and symptoms of alarm most recognized by pregnant women were: Vaginal bleeding, fever and loss of amniotic fluid.Conclusions: There is a correlation between the study variables, since a higher level of knowledge shows a better attitude towards the signs and symptoms of alarm. (AU)

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Protein phosphorylation plays key roles in many physiological processes and is often deregulated in pathological conditions. Our current understanding of how protein kinases and phosphatases orchestrate the phosphorylation changes that control cellular functions has made these enzymes potential drug targets for the treatment of many diseases. The success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Gleevec in the treatment of some cancers has further invigorated the development of kinase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. A large number of these compounds are currently undergoing clinical trials and there is much expectation on the therapeutic potential of these molecules, as more specific and less toxic drugs than currently used generic chemotherapeutic agents. In this manuscript, we review the current status of more than 30 protein kinase inhibitors with proven or potential therapeutic value for cancer treatment. These include inhibitors of receptor and cytosolic tyrosine kinases as well as compounds that target different families of serine/threonine kinases involved in signalling and cell cycle regulation. We also briefly touch on the prospects of phosphatase inhibitors. The combination of kinase inhibitors to target different components of signalling pathways that are found deregulated in tumours is also emerging as an interesting approach for cancer therapy.

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