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Objetivo: La pandemia del COVID-19 afectó la calidad de vida de la población a nivel mundial. Los países tomaron varias medidas de protección para evitar el contagio como el aislamiento social, el teletrabajo y la educación a distancia. A medida que las escuelas cerraron, los maestros se encargaron principalmente de la enseñanza en línea. El objetivo principal fue determinar la calidad de sueño en los docentes de una institución educativa pública en el distrito de Máncora, Perú, durante el aislamiento social en pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y prospectivo. Se usó el cuestionario de Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh en 59 docentes de los niveles educativos inicial, primario y secundario que utilizaron la modalidad de educación a distancia de marzo a diciembre del 2021. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 44,3 ± 8,89 años. Las mujeres fueron 64,4 %; los docentes con especialidad, es decir, el área que enseñaba el docente, 55,9 %. Los de nivel secundario fueron el 55,9 %; el nivel primario, 30,5 %, y el nivel inicial, 13,6 %. Los parámetros de calidad de sueño afectados fueron los siguientes: 69,5 % presentaron mala calidad de sueño; 67,8 %, inadecuada latencia de sueño, y 61,00 %, duración de sueño menor de 5 horas. El 27,1 % presentó eficiencia habitual del sueño menor al 65 % y 49,2 % reportó perturbaciones del sueño. Asimismo, 50,8 % usaron medicación hipnótica más de una vez a la semana. Por último, el 39 % presentó severa disfunción diurna. Se encontró asociación entre la calidad de sueño con los componentes calidad subjetiva del sueño, latencia de sueño, duración del sueño, eficiencia habitual del sueño y disfunción diurna. No hubo asociación con el sexo, nivel educativo y especialidad docente. Conclusiones: Los docentes de una institución educativa en Máncora presentaron alta prevalencia de mala calidad de sueño y los componentes más afectados fueron latencia de sueño, disfunción diurna y perturbaciones del sueño.
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the population worldwide. The countries took several protective measures to avoid contagion, including social isolation, teleworking and distance education. As schools closed, teachers took over primarily online teaching. The study main objective was to determine the sleep quality among teachers of a public educational institution in the district of Máncora, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic social isolation. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional and prospective study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess 59 preschool, primary and secondary school teachers who taught through distance education from March to December 2021. Results: The average age was 44.3 ± 8.89 years. Women accounted for 64.4 %, specialist teachers-i.e., those who have expertise in a particular field-55.9 %, secondary school teachers 55.9 %, primary school teachers 30.5 % and preschool teachers 13.6 %. The affected sleep quality parameters were the following: 69.5 % had poor sleep quality, 67.8 % inadequate sleep latency, 61 % sleep duration of less than five hours, 27.1 % habitual sleep efficiency of less than 65 % and 49.2 % sleep disturbances. Moreover, 50.8 % reported using a sleeping medication more than once a week and 39 % severe daytime dysfunction. There was an association between sleep quality and the components subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency and daytime dysfunction. Nonetheless, there was no association with sex, educational level and teaching specialty. Conclusions: Teachers of an educational institution in Máncora had a high prevalence of poor sleep quality and the most affected components were sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and sleep disturbances.
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Introducción:LospacientesinfectadosporelvirusSARS-CoV2son hospitalizados por neumonía e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. En ellos aparecen hipercoagulabilidad, micro y macro trombosis. El severo incremento del dímero D ha llevado al uso de tromboprofilaxis con dosis mayores a la estándar con resultados controversiales. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de orientar al médico en una tromboprofilaxis racional para reducir las complicacionestrombóticasyevitarlashemorragiasasociadasala anticoagulación y a la enfermedad de fondo. Se esperan los resultados de los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados para el manejo óptimo del estado hipercoagulable
Introduction:PatientswiththeSARS-CoV2virusarehospitalizedfor pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Hypercoagulability, micro and macro thrombosis appear in them. The severe increase in D-dimer has led to the use of thromboprophylaxis with doses higher than the standard with controversial results.Thepresentarticleaimstoguidethephysicianinarational thromboprophylaxis to reduce thrombotic complications and avoid bleeding associatedwithanticoagulationandunderlyingdisease.Theresultsof randomizedcontrolledclinicaltrialsforoptimalmanagementofthe hypercoagulable state are awaited.
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RESUMEN Introducción: Los pacientes infectados por el virus SARS-CoV2 son hospitalizados por neumonía e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. En ellos aparecen hipercoagulabilidad, micro y macro trombosis. El severo incremento del dímero D ha llevado al uso de tromboprofilaxis con dosis mayores a la estándar con resultados controversiales. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de orientar al médico en una tromboprofilaxis racional para reducir las complicaciones trombóticas y evitar las hemorragias asociadas a la anticoagulación y a la enfermedad de fondo. Se esperan los resultados de los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados para el manejo óptimo del estado hipercoagulable.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with the SARS-CoV2 virus are hospitalized for pneumonia and acute respiratory failure. Hypercoagulability, micro and macro thrombosis appear in them. The severe increase in D-dimer has led to the use of thromboprophylaxis with doses higher than the standard with controversial results. The present article aims to guide the physician in a rational thromboprophylaxis to reduce thrombotic complications and avoid bleeding associated with anticoagulation and underlying disease. The results of randomized controlled clinical trials for optimal management of the hypercoagulable state are awaited.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, and available treatments are insufficient in limiting disease progression. New strategies, including regenerative cell-based therapies, have emerged as therapeutic alternatives. Results from several groups, including our own, have reported evidence of a supportive role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in functional recovery and prevention of tissue damage in murine models of CKD. Prompted by these data, an open pilot study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a single injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) for treatment of CKD. METHODS: AT-MSCs were infused intravenously into six CKD patients at a dose of 1 million cells/kg. Patients were stabilized and followed for one year prior to MSC infusion and one year following infusion. RESULTS: No patients presented with adverse effects. Statistically significant improvement in urinary protein excretion was observed in AT-MSCs transplanted patients, from a median of 0.75 g/day (range, 0.15-9.57) at baseline to 0.54 g/day (range, 0.01-2.66) at month 12 (P = 0.046). The glomerular filtration rate was not significantly decreased post-infusion of AT-MSCs. CONCLUSION: Findings from this pilot study demonstrate that intravenous infusion of autologous expanded AT-MSCs into CKD patients was not associated with adverse effects and could benefit patients already undergoing standard medical treatment.
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RESUMEN La cirugía bariátrica (CB) ha demostrado ser una alternativa segura y eficaz para la resolución de la obesidad y sus comorbilidades. Parte del éxito de la CB, radica en el manejo nutricional del paciente, para lo que se requiere de un equipo médico-nutricional, entrenado en nutrición bariátrica, con el objetivo de evitar déficit nutricional y modificar hábitos a largo plazo. En la actualidad, no existe en Chile un consenso sobre el protocolo de manejo nutricional pre y post CB. El objetivo del 1er Consenso Chileno de Nutricionistas en Cirugía Bariátrica, es ser una guía para los nutricionistas que asisten a pacientes bariátricos. Este documento resume el trabajo realizado por los Nutricionistas de Sociedad Chilena de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica (SCCBM), quienes durante 5 años trabajaron en reuniones presenciales y comisiones de estudio, revisando evidencias científicas, guías de tratamiento y recomendaciones de expertos, que fundamentarán las recomendaciones alimentario nutricional para cada tema. El resultado es un documento que homologa criterios para el manejo nutricional de pacientes bariátricos y genera los tópicos mínimos para asegurar la atención nutricional de calidad en los equipos bariátricos chilenos.
ABSTRACT Bariatric surgery (BS) has proven to be a safe and effective alternative for the resolution of obesity and its comorbidities. Part of the success of BS lies in the nutritional management of the patient, for which a medical-nutritional team, trained in bariatric nutrition, is required with the aim of modifying long-term habits and avoiding nutritional deficit. At present, there is no consensus in Chile on the pre-and post-BS nutritional management protocol. The objective of the 1st Consensus of Chilean Nutritionists on Bariatric Surgery is to be a guide for nutritionists who assist bariatric patients. This document summarizes the work done by Nutritionists of the Chilean Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (SCCBM), who, during 5 years, worked in face-to-face meetings and study commissions, reviewing scientific evidence, treatment guides and expert recommendations, which will support nutritional nutrition recommendations for each topic. The result is a document that standardizes criteria for the nutritional management of bariatric patients and generates the minimum topics to ensure quality nutritional care for Chilean bariatric teams.
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Humanos , Período Pós-Operatório , Dieta , Micronutrientes , Nutrientes , Cirurgia Bariátrica/reabilitação , Guias como AssuntoRESUMO
Introducción. El condroma es una neoplasia benigna de origen mesenquimal y de etiología desconocida, muy infrecuente en los tejidos blandos debido a su constitución de células de cartílago maduro sin hueso; sin embargo, son frecuentes las calcificaciones focales. Al presentarse en cabeza y cuello, suele hacerlo en el maxilar o el paladar duro, y son pocos los reportes de este tumor en el espacio parafaríngeo. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 68 años de edad, que acudió a consulta por dolor en el paladar blando, cefalea y dolor paratiroideo izquierdo asociado a disfagia de cuatro años de evolución. Se practicaron los estudios pertinentes y, finalmente, se confirmó el diagnóstico de condroma mediante biopsia. Discusión. Los condromas muy rara vez se encuentran en los tejidos blandos, por lo cual se sugiere que el diagnóstico sea cuidadosamente orientado para descartar una posible malignidad de la lesión y que los controles posquirúrgicos sean frecuentes
Introduction: Chondroma is a benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin and of unknown etiology, very infrequently appearing in the soft tissues due to its constitution of mature cartilage cells without bone; however, they usually present focal calcifications. When occurring in the head and neck, they usually appear in the jaw or hard palate. Just a few cases of this pathology are reported in the pharynx. Materials and Methods: We present a case of a female 68 years old, who came to the clinic due to pain in the soft palate, headache and left parathyroid pain associated with dysphagia, of four years of evolution. Corresponding studies were carried out and finally the diagnosis of chondroma was confirmed by biopsy. Discusion: Chondromas are rarely found in the soft tissues, suggesting that the diagnosis should be carefully oriented to rule out possible malignancy of the lesion and that post-surgical controls should be frequent
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Humanos , Condroma , Faringe , Neoplasias Faríngeas , DiagnósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Anthropometry and functional fitness (FF) are fundamental aspects for functional independence conservation of older adults (OA). However, little has been investigated in chilean OA. OBJECTIVE: To analyze anthropometric and FF characteristics of non-disabled OA. METHODS: One hundred and sixteen subjects participated in the study. It was determined the prevalence of weight categories (Body Mass Index [BMI]) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) (Waist Circumference [WC], Waist-Hip Ratio [WHR] and Waist-to-Height ratio [WHtR]). Additionally, "under the norm" physical performance and performance standards (Senior Fitness Test Battery [SFT]). Anthropometric and FF differences were analyzed according sex and age categories. RESULTS: A total of 63.8% and 73.5% of men and women respectively were overweight. The highest prevalence of CMR was obtained through WHtR and the tests with the highest prevalence of low performance were 2-minute step Test and Back scratch Test. The performance standard was reached in 29.7% and 17.3%, in men and women respectively. Men presented greater height, WHR, strength and aerobic capacity. Women had greater hip circumference, BMI, WHtR and flexibility. These results tends to be maintained in the analyzes according age categories. CONCLUSIONS: The studied sample presented a high prevalence of overweight, CMR and low physical performance especially in women. Due its low cost and complexity, it is proposed that integral evaluation of anthropometric and FF parameters should be implemented in primary care programs aimed to preserving functionality of OA.
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Antropometria , Aptidão Física , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Envelhecimento , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Vida Independente , Masculino , Circunferência da Cintura , Relação Cintura-QuadrilRESUMO
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by loss of renal function. The pathological processes involved in the progression of this condition are already known, but the molecular mechanisms have not been completely explained. Recent reports have shown the intrinsic capacity of the kidney to undergo repair after acute injury through the reexpression of repairing proteins (Villanueva S, Cespedes C, Vio CP. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290: R861-R870, 2006). Stimulation with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) could accelerate this process. However, it is not known whether bFGF can induce this phenomenon in kidney cells affected by CKD. Our aim was to study the evolution of renal damage in animals with CKD treated with bFGF and to relate the amount of repairing proteins with renal damage progression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy (NPX) and treated with bFGF (30 µg/kg, NPX+bFGF); a control NPX group was treated with saline (NPX+S). Animals were euthanized 35 days after bFGF administration. Functional effects were assessed based on serum creatinine levels; morphological damage was assessed by the presence of macrophages (ED-1), interstitial α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and interstitial collagen through Sirius red staining. The angiogenic factors VEGF and Tie-2 and the epithelial/tubular factors Ncam, bFGF, Pax-2, bone morphogenic protein-7, Noggin, Lim-1, Wnt-4, and Smads were analyzed. Renal stem cells were evaluated by Oct-4. We observed a significant reduction in serum creatinine levels, ED-1, α-SMA, and Sirius red as well as an important induction of Oct-4, angiogenic factors, and repairing proteins in NPX+bFGF animals compared with NPX+S animals. These results open new perspectives toward reducing damage progression in CKD.
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Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/uso terapêutico , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangue , Fator 2 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/farmacologia , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Masculino , Nefrectomia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/patologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Therapeutic approaches for CKD (chronic kidney disease) have been able to reduce proteinuria, but not diminish the disease progression. We have demonstrated beneficial effects by injection of BM (bone marrow)-derived MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) from healthy donors in a rat model with CKD. However, it has recently been reported that BM-MSCs derived from uraemic patients failed to confer functional protection in a similar model. This suggests that autologous BM-MSCs are not suitable for the treatment of CKD. In the present study, we have explored the potential of MSCs derived from adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) as an alternative source of MSCs for the treatment of CKD. We have isolated AD-MSCs and evaluated their effect on the progression of CKD. Adult male SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats subjected to 5/6 NPX (nephrectomy) received a single intravenous infusion of 0.5×10(6) AD-MSCs or MSC culture medium alone. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by plasma creatinine measurement, structural analysis and angiogenic/epitheliogenic protein expression. AD-MSCs were detected in kidney tissues from NPX animals. This group had a significant reduction in plasma creatinine levels and a lower expression of damage markers ED-1 and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) (P<0.05). In addition, treated rats exhibited a higher level of epitheliogenic [Pax-2 and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7)] and angiogenic [VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)] proteins. The expression of these biomarkers of regeneration was significantly related to the improvement in renal function. Although many aspects of the cell therapy for CKD remain to be investigated, we provide evidence that AD-MSCs, a less invasive and highly available source of MSCs, exert an important therapeutic effect in this pathology.