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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC is a heterogenous disease with multiple risk factors associated, including obesity, smoking, and use of alcohol. Of total CRC cases, 60% are diagnosed in late stages, where survival can drop to about 10%. CRC screening programs are based primarily on colonoscopy, yet this approach is invasive and has low patient adherence. Therefore, there is a strong incentive for developing molecular-based methods that are minimally invasive and have higher patient adherence. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, as intercellular communication vehicles with a broad cargo, including micro-RNAs (miRNAs). These have been syndicated as robust candidates for diagnosis, primarily for their known activities in cancer cells, including immunoevasion, tumor progression, and angiogenesis, whereas miRNAs are dysregulated by cancer cells and delivered by cancer-derived exosomes (CEx). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has shown good results detecting specific cancer-derived exosome micro-RNAs (CEx-miRNAs) associated with CRC, but qPCR also has several challenges, including portability and sensitivity/specificity issues regarding experiment design and sample quality. CRISPR/Cas-based platforms have been presented as cost-effective, ultrasensitive, specific, and robust clinical detection tools in the presence of potential inhibitors and capable of delivering quantitative and qualitative real-time data for enhanced decision-making to healthcare teams. Thereby, CRISPR/Cas13-based technologies have become a potential strategy for early CRC diagnosis detecting CEx-miRNAs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas13-based platforms' ease of use, scalability, and portability also showcase them as a potential point-of-care (POC) technology for CRC early diagnosis. This study presents two potential CRISPR/Cas13-based methodologies with a proposed panel consisting of four CEx-miRNAs, including miR-126, miR-1290, miR-23a, and miR-940, to streamline novel applications which may deliver a potential early diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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OBJETIVO: Reportar un caso de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile y realizar una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en los hallazgos dermatoscópicos de las lesiones y en los casos reportados en el país. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente adulto mayor con lesiones nodulares ulceradas siguiendo trayecto linfático en extremidad superior derecha. RESULTADOS: Estudio micológico confirmó la presencia de Sporothrix schenckii. Se inició tratamiento con antifúngico oral con buena respuesta terapéutica. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un escaso número de reporte de esporotricosis linfocutánea contraída en Chile con confirmación micológica. Este es el único caso chileno con descripción dermatoscópica de las lesiones.
OBJETIVE: To report a case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis adquired in Chile and provide a review of the literature with emphasis on dermoscopic findings and previous cases reported in the country. CLINICAL CASE: An elderly patient presented with ulcerated nodular lesions following lymphatic vessels in his right upper limb.RESULTS: Mycological work-up confirmed the presence of Sporothrix schenkii. Oral antifungal treatment was initiated with good therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS: Few case reports of lymphocutaneous sporotricosis adquired in Chile can be found in literature. Until now this is the only chilean case with dermoscopic description of the lesions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Esporotricose/diagnóstico , Esporotricose/tratamento farmacológico , Esporotricose/microbiologia , Sporothrix/isolamento & purificação , Dermoscopia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Anthropic activity in Antarctica has been increasing considerably in recent years, which could have an important impact on the local microbiota affecting multiple features, including the bacterial resistome. As such, our study focused on determining the antibiotic-resistance patterns and antibiotic-resistance genes of bacteria recovered from freshwater samples collected in areas of Antarctica under different degrees of human influence. Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and PCR. The isolates collected from regions of high human intervention were resistant to several antibiotic groups, and were mainly associated with the presence of genes encoding aminoglycosides-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs). Moreover, these isolates were resistant to synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs, in contrast with those recovered from zones with low human intervention, which resulted highly susceptible to antibiotics. On the other hand, we observed that zone A, under human influence, presented a higher richness and diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in comparison with zones B and C, which have low human activity. Our results suggest that human activity has an impact on the local microbiota, in which strains recovered from zones under anthropic influence were considerably more resistant than those collected from remote regions.
Assuntos
Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Água Doce/microbiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Animais , Regiões Antárticas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Meio Ambiente , Genes Bacterianos , Geografia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , beta-Lactamases/metabolismoRESUMO
While antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected in extreme environments, including Antarctica, to date there are no reports of Acinetobacter species isolated from this region. Here, we characterized by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) the genetic content of a single antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolate (A154) collected in Antarctica. The isolate was recovered in 2013 from soil samples at Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, and was identified by detection of the intrinsic OXA-23 gene, and confirmed by Tetra Correlation Search (TCS) and WGS. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined by disc diffusion, E-test, and broth microdilution methods. From WGS data, the acquired resistome and insertion sequence (IS) content were identified by in silico analyses. Plasmids were studied by the alkaline lysis method followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and conventional PCR. The A154 isolate was identified as A. radioresistens by WGS analysis and displayed >99.9 of similarity by TCS in relation with the databases. Moreover, it was resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, streptomycin, and kanamycin. Likewise, in addition to the intrinsic blaOXA-23-like gene, A154 harbored the plasmid-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes blaPER-2, tet(B), aph(3')-Vla, strA, and strB, as well as a large diversity of ISs. This is the first report of antibiotic-resistant A. radioresistens in Antarctica. Our findings show the presence of several resistance genes which could be either intrinsic or acquired in the region.
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Acinetobacter/genética , Acinetobacter/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Genes Bacterianos , Acinetobacter/efeitos dos fármacos , Regiões Antárticas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biologia Computacional , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos/análise , Microbiologia do Solo , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Introducción. El páncreas anular es una infrecuente anomalía congénita caracterizada por un anillo de tejido pancreático rodeando la porción descendente del duodeno, representa el 1 % de las obstrucciones intestinales neonatales a nivel mundial. El diagnóstico y tratamiento definitivo es quirúrgico. El objetivo es describir un caso clínico neonatal con páncreas anular, abordando una revisión reducida de la literatura en su diagnóstico, evolución y tratamiento. Reporte de Caso. Paciente femenina de 24 días de vida con episodios eméticos desde el segundo día de vida, asociado a pérdida de peso e inestabilidad hidroelectrolítica, quien ingresa a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal para manejo. Dada persistencia de sintomatología gastrointestinal e inestabilidad hemodinámica, a pesar de manejo instaurado y ante la alta sospecha de obstrucción intestinal, se procede a realizar examen radiológico de vías digestivas altas con medio de contraste, donde se evidencia signos de estenosis duodenal. Se realiza laparotomía con evidencia de dilatación de segunda y tercera porción del duodeno, paredes engrosadas, cruzado por segmento de páncreas que ocluye su luz totalmente, que corresponde a páncreas anular. Discusión. Tener presente esta entidad dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de las obstrucciones duodenales dado que la sintomatología, así como se evidencia en la paciente cambia según el tipo de obstrucción; es necesario solicitar métodos imagenológicos para evaluar signos radiológicos, a fin de esclarecer el diagnóstico y evitar retrasos en el diagnóstico definitivo de páncreas anular, que se realiza por intervención quirúrgica. Conclusión. El páncreas anular sigue siendo un reto diagnóstico dada su infrecuencia. Además, cursa con sintomatología variable e inespecífica, siendo más frecuente el vómito, como fue evidenciado en el caso como el síntoma inicial. Conocer la patología obstructiva duodenal es importante, ya que se encuentra dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, ayudando así a evitar retrasos en el abordaje quirúrgico y diagnóstico. Cómo citar: Ortiz-Hernández YV, Ferreira-Traslaviña HH, Duarte-Vergara LM, Africano-León ML. Obstrucción duodenal debido a páncreas anular en etapa neonatal. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):79-87. doi. org/10.29375/01237047.3423
Introduction. Annular pancreas is an infrequent birth defect characterized by a ring of pancreatic tissue that surrounds the descending part of the duodenum. It accounts for 1 % of neonatal intestinal obstructions worldwide. Diagnosis and final treatment is surgical. The objective is to describe a neonatal clinical case with annual páncreas based on a brief literature review on its diagnosis, evolution and treatment. Case Report. Female patient, 24 days old with emetic episodes starting on the second day of life, associated with loss of weight and hydroelectrolytic instability, who was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for management purposes. Given the persistence of the gastrointestinal symptoms and hemodynamic instability, despite the treatment in place, and high level of suspicion of intestinal obstruction, radiology exam of upper digestive tract was performed with contrast medium, finding evidence of signs of duodenal stenosis. Laparotomy was performed, finding evidence of dilation of the second and third parts of the duodenum, thickened walls, crossed by a páncreas segment that fully occludes the light, consistent with annual pancreas. Discussion. Take the above into consideration during differential diagnoses of duodenal obstructions, given that the patient's symptoms, as evidenced in the patient, change depending on the type of obstruction. Imaging methods must be requested to assess radiological signs, in order to clarify the diagnosis and prevent delays in the final diagnosis of annual pancreas, which is performed by means of surgical intervention. Conclusions. Annual pancreas continues to be a diagnostic challenge due to its infrequency. People suffering from this, experience variable and non-specific symptoms; more frequently vomiting, which, in this specific case, was the initial symptom. It is important to learn about the obstructive duodenal pathology, because it is one of the differential diagnoses, and thereby prevents delays in the surgical and diagnostic approach. Cómo citar: Ortiz-Hernández YV, Ferreira-Traslaviña HH, Duarte-Vergara LM, Africano-León ML. Obstrucción duodenal debido a páncreas anular en etapa neonatal. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):79-87. doi. org/10.29375/01237047.3423
Introdução. O pâncreas anular é uma anomalia congênita rara, caracterizada por um anel de tecido pancreático em torno da porção descendente do duodeno; representa 1 % das obstruções intestinais neonatais em todo o mundo. O diagnóstico e tratamento definitivo é cirúrgico. O objetivo é descrever um caso clínico neonatal com páncreas anular, a partir da revisão reduzida da literatura em seu diagnóstico, evolução e tratamento. Apresentação do caso. Paciente do sexo feminino, 24 dias de vida, com episódios eméticos a partir do segundo dia de vida, associada à perda de peso e distúrbio hidroeletrolítico, que ingressa na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal para tratamento. Dada a persistência de sintomas gastrointestinais e instabilidade hemodinâmica, a pesar do tratamento estabelecido e da alta suspeita de obstrução intestinal, é realizado exame radiológico do trato digestivo superior com meio de contraste, onde há evidencias de estenose duodenal. É realizada uma laparotomia com evidência de dilatação da segunda e terceira porção do duodeno, paredes espessadas, cruzadas por segmento de pâncreas que oclua completamente sua luz, que corresponde ao pâncreas anular. Discussão. Considerar essa entidade nos diagnósticos diferenciais de obstruções duodenais, uma vez que a sintomatologia, como evidenciado no paciente, muda de acordo com o tipo de obstrução; é necessário solicitar métodos de imagem para avaliar os sinais radiológicos, a fim de esclarecer o diagnóstico e evitar atrasos no diagnóstico definitivo do pâncreas anular que é realizado por meio de intervenção cirúrgica. Conclusões. O pâncreas anular continua a ser um desafio diagnóstico, dada a sua raridade. Além disso, apresenta-se com sintomatologia variável e inespecífica, sendo mais frequente o vômito, que foi evidenciado no caso aqui apresentado, como síntoma inicial. Conhecer a patologia obstrutiva duodenal é importante, pois está dentro dos diagnósticos diferenciais e, assim, ajuda a evitar atrasos na abordagem cirúrgica e no diagnóstico. Cómo citar: Ortiz-Hernández YV, Ferreira-Traslaviña HH, Duarte-Vergara LM, Africano-León ML. Obstrucción duodenal debido a páncreas anular en etapa neonatal. MedUNAB. 2019;22(1):79-87. doi. org/10.29375/01237047.3423
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Obstrução Duodenal , Pâncreas , Anormalidades Congênitas , Vômito , Recém-Nascido , Redução de PesoRESUMO
Moderate endurance exercise has long been considered an essential element to maintain cardiovascular health, and sedentary behaviour in the general population has been related to a significant increase in all-causes of mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence. However, a growing group of people performs an intense exercise that leads to multiple heart adaptive changes that are collectively called "athlete's heart". In this review, we discussed the evidence of cardiac remodelling process secondary to repetitive and strenuous exercise in some predisposed athletes that produces intense and probably deleterious changes in cardiac morphology and function with no clear clinical significance in long-term follow-up. Moreover, we also discussed the individual biological response to exercise assessed by myocardial damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and ventricular hypertrophy biomarkers showing different intensities with equivalent exertion.
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Atletas , Exercício Físico , Coração/fisiologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Remodelação Vascular , Biomarcadores , Fibrose , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda , Hipertrofia Ventricular Direita , Inflamação , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
La glándula tiroides posee gran importancia debido a la síntesis y secreción de hormonas, las cuales desempeñan funciones fundamentales para la mantención de la fisiología animal. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en determinar parámetros morfométricos de estructuras tiroideas sometidas a estimulaciones con láser infrarrojo (LIR). Para ello, 10 ratas Sprague Dawley de 3 meses de vida y peso aproximado de 200 g, fueron divididas en dos grupos de 5 animales cada uno: grupo control y grupo experimental. Estos últimos recibieron estimulaciones infrarrojas en la tiroides con dosis de 16 J/cm2 durante 15 días seguidos. Una vez sacrificadas las ratas, se extrajeron las glándulas tiroides las que fueron procesadas para microscopía óptica obteniéndose placas histológicas y micrografías con aumentos finales de hasta 1000 X. Se efectuaron estudios morfométricos para determinar en 40 placas, variaciones tisulares generadas por las inducciones infrarrojas, con especial énfasis en la disposición coloidal y dimensiones de folículos y células tiroideas. El análisis de las 40 placas histológicas generados por las inducciones del láser infrarrojo comparados con los controles, reveló que existen marcadas diferencias en todos los componentes del tejido tiroideo analizado, lo cual podría otorgar antecedentes de diferentes funcionalidades en el metabolismo de las glándulas.
The thyroid gland is of great importance because of the synthesis and secretion of hormones which play key roles in the maintenance of animal physiology. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine morphometric parameters of thyroid structures subjected to infrared laser stimulation (ILS) and for this purpose, 10 Sprague Dawley rats, 3 months of age and weighing approximately 200 grams, were divided into two groups of 5 animals each: the control group and the remaining 5 animals constituting the experimental group received infrared stimulation in the thyroid with doses of 16 J/cm2 for 15 consecutive days. After the rats were sacrificed, the respective thyroids were removed and processed for optical microscopy. Histological plates and micrographs were obtained with final increases of up to 1000 X. Morphometric studies were carried out to determine the tissue variations generated by infrared inductions, with special emphasis on the colloidal arrangement and dimensions of follicles and thyroid cells. Our results revealed that there are marked differences in all the components of the analyzed thyroid tissue which could give antecedents of different functionalities in the metabolism of thyroid glands.