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INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that usually manifests in the lungs but can also affect other organs, including the cardiovascular system. In this article, we present a rare case of purulent pericarditis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 67-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with a large pericardial effusion with evidence of cardiac tamponade caused by acute pericarditis. The patient underwent surgical pericardial drainage, and a total volume of 500 mL of purulent fluid was collected with a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite antituberculous drugs, the patient presented with clinical worsening and recurrence of large pericardial effusion. Therefore, he was submitted to a second intervention by full median sternotomy to drain the pericardial effusion and perform a surgical pericardial debridement associated with a partial pericardiectomy. After the procedure, he improved clinically and was discharged after 24 days of hospitalization. DISCUSSION: Pericardiectomy is recommended for patients with refractory tuberculous pericarditis after four to eight weeks of antituberculous treatment. We decided not to wait that long to perform an open surgical partial pericardiectomy and debridement with a median sternotomy approach. We believe that this more aggressive surgical approach would be more efficient to combat the infection, which was causing progressive deterioration of patient's clinical condition and early recurrence of significant pericardial effusion. CONCLUSION: Open partial pericardiectomy with surgical debridement could be an efficient approach for treatment of a refractory acute tuberculous pericarditis.
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Traumatic aortic injury is potentially fatal. Although uncommon, involvement of the aortic arch and the ascending aorta can occur. This case shows concomitant dissection of the ascending and descending sections of the aorta after blunt chest trauma where the open surgical approach was successfully performed to treat both aortic injuries.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica , Doenças da Aorta , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Traumatismos Torácicos , Ferimentos não Penetrantes , Aorta/cirurgia , Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Humanos , Traumatismos Torácicos/cirurgia , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a serious mechanical complication after acute coronary syndrome and is related to high mortality. Even with advances in the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) such as reperfusion therapies, complication rates are still high. During quarantine, patients presenting mechanical complications after AMI have increased in our institution. METHODS: From a retrospective database analysis in our institution between the years 2004 and 2020, we identified 37 cases of VSR after AMI. Four chronic cases were excluded from our analysis. The primary endpoint was to identify baseline characteristics that increased 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Among 33 acute cases of VSR, 24 cases were submitted to surgery. The 30-day mortality of the operated patients was 45.8%. From 2004 to 2019 our average number of operations of VSR was 1.9 cases/year with an increase to 4 cases/year in 2020. Diabetes mellitus, age, cardiogenic shock, and use of intra-aortic balloon pump were associated with significantly increased mortality using logistic regression. CONCLUSION: We reported an increased number of mechanical complication cases from April to September 2020, compared to our historical records. Despite therapeutic advances, mortality rates remain high. Although the number of cases is small to conclude that the pandemic was responsible for this augmentation, we believe that it is related to the decreased number of patients seeking medical assistance.
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Infarto do Miocárdio , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular , Humanos , Balão Intra-Aórtico , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular/epidemiologia , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular/etiologia , Ruptura do Septo Ventricular/cirurgiaRESUMO
Heart Team emerged as an important tool in the cardiovascular care, improving the efficiency of decision-making process. In addition to the benefits in patient care, it symbolizes a new culture and mindset. However, beyond the clinical condition, in low/middle-income countries other concerns arise regarding patient's background and these demands are, usually, as challenging as the medical treatment. New models have been proposed face these demands and to assure a holistic care by Integrated Practice Units. Optimization and reorganization of already existing resources and promotion of interdisciplinary and holistic care may be an effective manner to improve outcomes despite socioeconomic barriers.
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BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) infections, usually related to upper airways involvement, could be highly invasive. Especially in developing countries, non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains are now emerging as cause of invasive disease like endocarditis. The present case stands out for reinforcing the high virulence of this pathogen, demonstrated by the multiple systemic embolism and severe valve deterioration. It also emphasizes the importance of a coordinated interdisciplinary work to address all these challenges related to infectious endocarditis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 21-year-old male cocaine drug abuser presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of fever, asthenia and dyspnea. His physical examination revealed a mitral systolic murmur, signs of acute arterial occlusion of the left lower limb, severe arterial hypotension and acute respiratory failure, with need of vasoactive drugs, orotracheal intubation/mechanical ventilation, empiric antimicrobial therapy and emergent endovascular treatment. The clinical suspicion of acute infective endocarditis was confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography, demonstrating a large vegetation on the mitral valve associated with severe valvular regurgitation. Abdominal ultrasound was normal with no hepatic, renal, or spleen abscess. Serial blood cultures and thrombus culture, obtained in the vascular procedure, identified non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae, with antibiotic therapy adjustment to monotherapy with ampicillin. Since the patient had a severe septic shock with sustained fever, despite antimicrobial therapy, urgent cardiac surgical intervention was planned. Anatomical findings were compatible with an aggressive endocarditis, requiring mitral valve replacement for a biological prosthesis. During the postoperative period, despite an initial clinical recovery and successfully weaning from mechanical ventilation, the patient presented with a recrudescent daily fever. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a hypoattenuating and extensive splenic lesion suggestive of abscess. After sonographically guided bridging percutaneous catheter drainage, surgical splenectomy was performed. Despite left limb revascularization, a forefoot amputation was required due to gangrene. The patient had a good clinical recovery, fulfilling 4-weeks of antimicrobial treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite the effectiveness of toxoid-based vaccines, recent global outbreaks of invasive C. diphtheriae infectious related to non-toxigenic strains have been described. These infectious could be highly invasive as demonstrated in this case. Interdisciplinary work with an institutional "endocarditis team" is essential to achieve favorable clinical outcomes in such defiant scenarios.
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Abscesso Abdominal/complicações , Infecções por Corynebacterium/complicações , Infecções por Corynebacterium/diagnóstico , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/isolamento & purificação , Embolia/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Abscesso Abdominal/cirurgia , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Amputação Cirúrgica , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Corynebacterium/microbiologia , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Endocardite Bacteriana/cirurgia , Febre , Pé/patologia , Pé/cirurgia , Gangrena , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Valva Mitral/patologia , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Esplenectomia , Esplenopatias/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze mitral annulus (MA) dynamics using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with degenerative mitral insufficiency who underwent mitral valve repair (MVR). METHODS: Mitral valve imaging was performed by CMR in twenty-nine patients with degenerative mitral insufficiency who underwent MVR between July 2014 and August 2016, with quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet without ring annuloplasty. They were prospectively followed up from the preoperative period up to 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: We observed a significant reduction in all measurements of the MA after surgery. The mean systolic circumference of the MA was reduced from 13.28±1.95 cm to 11.50±1.59 cm, and the diastolic circumference was reduced from 12.51±2.01 cm to 10.66±2.09 cm in the immediate postoperative period, measures that remained stable 2 years after MVR (p<0.001). The mean maximum area of the MA was significantly reduced from 14.34±4.03 to 10.45±3.17 cm2 when comparing the immediate postoperative period and the 2 year follow-up (p<0.001). The same occurred with the mean minimum area of the MA, which was reduced from 12.53±3.68 cm2 to 9.23±2.84 cm2 in the same period, and this reduction was greater in the antero-posterior diameter than in the mid-lateral diameter. The mobility of the MA was preserved after surgery, ranging between 19.6% and 25.7% at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant reduction in the MA size after MVR, with preservation of the MA mobility at the 2-year follow-up.
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Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral , Diástole , Seguimentos , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complexo de Carney/cirurgia , Complexo de Carney/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/fisiopatologia , Valva Mitral/fisiopatologia , Estenose da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Alta do Paciente , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Fatores de Tempo , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Circulação Extracorpórea/métodos , Esternotomia/métodos , Anuloplastia da Valva Mitral , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze mitral annulus (MA) dynamics using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with degenerative mitral insufficiency who underwent mitral valve repair (MVR). METHODS: Mitral valve imaging was performed by CMR in twenty-nine patients with degenerative mitral insufficiency who underwent MVR between July 2014 and August 2016, with quadrangular resection of the posterior leaflet without ring annuloplasty. They were prospectively followed up from the preoperative period up to 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: We observed a significant reduction in all measurements of the MA after surgery. The mean systolic circumference of the MA was reduced from 13.28±1.95 cm to 11.50±1.59 cm, and the diastolic circumference was reduced from 12.51±2.01 cm to 10.66±2.09 cm in the immediate postoperative period, measures that remained stable 2 years after MVR (p<0.001). The mean maximum area of the MA was significantly reduced from 14.34±4.03 to 10.45±3.17 cm2 when comparing the immediate postoperative period and the 2 year follow-up (p<0.001). The same occurred with the mean minimum area of the MA, which was reduced from 12.53±3.68 cm2 to 9.23±2.84 cm2 in the same period, and this reduction was greater in the antero-posterior diameter than in the mid-lateral diameter. The mobility of the MA was preserved after surgery, ranging between 19.6% and 25.7% at 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: We observed a significant reduction in the MA size after MVR, with preservation of the MA mobility at the 2-year follow-up.
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Humanos , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagem , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Diástole , Valva Mitral/cirurgia , Valva Mitral/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare cardiac malformation. Many cases are incidentally diagnosed in aortic surgeries or autopsies and it usually appears as an isolated anomaly. The most widely classification used is the one by Hurwitz and Roberts[], which divides 7 alphabetical subtypes based on the cusps size. The aim of this report is to describe three different anatomic presentations of this rare aortic valve anomaly.
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Valva Aórtica/anormalidades , Valva Aórtica/patologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Ecocardiografia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare cardiac malformation. Many cases are incidentally diagnosed in aortic surgeries or autopsies and it usually appears as an isolated anomaly. The most widely classification used is the one by Hurwitz and Roberts[1], which divides 7 alphabetical subtypes based on the cusps size. The aim of this report is to describe three different anatomic presentations of this rare aortic valve anomaly.