RESUMO
Several studies support the hypothesis that chronic diseases in adulthood might be triggered by events that occur during fetal development. This study examined the consequences of perinatal salt intake on blood pressure (BP) and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adult offspring of dams on high-salt [HSD; 8% (HSD2) or 4% (HSD1)], normal-salt (NSD; 1.3%), or low-salt (LSD; 0.15% NaCl) diet during pregnancy and lactation. At 12 wk of age, female Wistar rats were matched with adult male rats that were fed NSD. Weekly tail-cuff BP measurements were performed before, during, and after pregnancy. After weaning, the offspring received only NSD and were housed in metabolic cages for 24-h urine collection for sodium and potassium and nitrate and nitrite excretion measurements. At 12 wk of age, intra-arterial mean BP was measured, a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed, and plasma lipids and nitrate and nitrite concentrations were determined. Tail-cuff BP was higher during pregnancy in HSD2 and HSD1 than in NSD and LSD dams. Mean BP (mm Hg) was also higher in the offspring of HSD2 (110 +/- 5) and HSD1 (107 +/- 5) compared with NSD (100 +/- 2) and LSD (92 +/- 2). Lower glucose uptake and higher plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols were observed in male offspring from LSD dams (glucose uptake: HSD2 17 +/- 4, HSD1 15 +/- 3, NSD 11 +/- 3, LSD 4 +/- 1 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1); cholesterol: HSD2 62 +/- 6, HSD1 82 +/- 11, NSD 68 +/- 10, LSD 98 +/- 17 mg/dL; triacylglycerols: HSD2 47 +/- 15, HSD1 49 +/- 12, NSD 56 +/- 19, LSD 83 +/- 11 mg/dL). In conclusion, maternal salt intake during pregnancy and lactation has long-term influences on arterial pressure, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipids of the adult offspring.
Assuntos
Hiperlipidemias/etiologia , Hiperlipidemias/fisiopatologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/farmacologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Peso Corporal , Dieta Hipossódica , Feminino , Lactação , Lipídeos/sangue , Nitratos/urina , Nitritos/urina , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Os autores apresentam três (3) casos de pacientes com quadro fundoscópico ocular da síndrome de histoplasmose ocular presumida, ocorridos em áreas do centro da cidade, näo-endêmicas. Um dos pacientes desenvolveu o alargamento da cicatriz inicial. Em todos os pacientes foi utilizado o itraconazol oral e duas pacientes usaram o corticosteróide sistêmico. Estes casos apresentados parecem constituir o que chamamos de síndrome de histoplasmose ocular presumida like's