RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Mexico reported 26,742 new cases of prostate cancer in 2020. Different risk factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Among them, genetic factors and alterations or mutations in specific genes have been described in different ethnic groups worldwide. The aim of our study is to report the prevalence of germline DNA-repair gene mutations in Mexican patients with prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed germline genetic testing in 50 patients with localized prostate cancer and 50 patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-seven germline mutations were identified in 32 patients. The most commonly affected genes were ATM in 6%, followed by FANCA (5%), and ATR (4%). BRCA2 mutations were identified in 3%. The frequency of mutations was higher in the metastatic group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of our study show different mutations from those reported in different populations or regions. The use of PARP inhibitors is indicated in patients with germline mutations, specifically BRCA2, showing improvement in overall survival and progression free survival. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the prevalence of mutations in DNA-repair genes in Mexican patients with prostate cancer.

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating (OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index (OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index (OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

Resumen Introducción El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial, persistiendo hasta la adultez. A pesar de los hallazgos acerca del curso clínico de este trastorno, la información es escasa con respecto a los patrones de comorbilidad, funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo en la vida adulta entre aquellos con y sin TDAH en muestras latinoamericanas. Objetivo Comparar el patrón de comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo de adultos con y sin TDAH de una muestra clínica. Método Ciento cincuenta y un pacientes entre 20 y 45 años, quienes inicialmente presentaron un tamizaje positivo del ASRS-V1.1, fueron evaluados dentro de un programa de investigación clínica (PROMETEO) con los siguientes instrumentos: 1) la entrevista K-SADS-PL-Mx, 2) la entrevista MINI-Plus, la version de 18 items del ASRS-V1-1, y los cuestionarios autoaplicados BRIEF y SCQA-ADHD y 3) Revisión de cada caso por un clínico experto en el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados El grupo de TDAH comparado con aquel sin TDAH presentó un mayor promedio de trastornos comórbidos (2.5 DE 1.1 vs 1.3 DE 1.0 respectivamente, F = .439; t = -6.621; gl = 149; p < .001), mayor probabilidad de procrastinar (OR = 6.5; 95% IC[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0), y mayor probabilidad de presentar dificultades tanto en el índice de regulación de la conducta (OR = 104.9; 95% IC[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) como en el índice metacognitivo (OR = 94.79; 95% IC[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) independientemente del sexo. Discusión y conclusión Nuestros resultados señalan que los adultos con TDAH presentan mayor comorbilidad y peor funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo que los adultos sin TDAH.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT In the last decade, the risk benefits ratio of MHT has been evaluated mainly in terms of cardiovascular risk. Present Consensus Statement is largely inspired by the Global Consensus on Menopausal Hormone Therapy in 2013 and 2016 by leading global menopause societies (The American Society for Reproductive Medicine, The Asia Pacific Menopause Federation, The Endocrine Society, The European Menopause and Andropause Society, The International Menopause Society, The International Osteoporosis Foundation and The North American Menopause Society). The aim of these Recommendations is to provide a simple and updated reference on postmenopausal MHT. The term MHT typically includes estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) and estrogen-progestogen therapy (EPT). EPT can be sequential (Seq) when progestogen is added to ERT for 10-14 days a month, or continuous combined (CC) when progestogen is administered continuously every day along with a fixed amount of estrogen. MHT also includes Tibolone and the Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex (TSEC).

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Among congenital craniofacial anomalies, orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common. Global prevalence is 2 in 1000 and in Colombia, 1 in 700. Our goal was to describe cleft palate (CP) prevalence and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) from 2001 to 2015 in Bogota and Cali, Colombia. METHOD: Using the ECLAMC case-control design method, information was obtained from the Congenital Anomalies Monitoring and Surveillance Programs in Bogota and Cali. We describe the prevalence of cases classified into the following groups: isolated, polymalformed, and syndromic. The proportion of cases and controls was 1:4. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and Student t test to compare means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We identified 529 OFC cases and 2116 controls from 448,930 births: a rate of 11.8 per 10,000 (CI = 10.80-12.83). From the total cases, 73% were identified with CL/CP compared to 27% with CP. Males had higher CL±P (59%) prevalence, whereas the highest neonatal mortality was observed among polymalformed cases (7%). The most common anomaly identified among our cases was cleft lip without isolated cleft palate (58%). We found that OFCs are linked to birthweight, size, and gestational age and higher parity with statistically significant differences in all variables compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: OFC is a highly prevalent anomaly in Colombia, with a range of maternal and infant differences across case subgroups. The identification of important OFC subgroups that follow certain patterns of prevalence may prove useful to primary and tertiary care facilities with the goal of reducing further disability.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Population management of free-roaming domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) is of interest due to the threat these animals pose to people, other animals and the environment. Current sterilization procedures for male dogs include surgical and chemical methods. However, little is known about how these procedures affect their behavior. The primary objective of this study was to investigate changes in selected behaviors following chemical and surgical sterilization in a male free-roaming dog (FRD) population in southern Chile. We also examined the association between serum testosterone levels and behaviors thought to be influenced by circulating androgens. A total of 174 dogs were randomly assigned to either a surgical or chemical sterilization group, or a control group. At the onset of the intervention period, 119 dogs remained and 102 dogs successfully completed the study. Each dog was monitored pre- and post-intervention using video recordings, GPS collars, and blood samples for the measurement of testosterone. Analysis of behavior revealed that surgically castrated dogs showed no reduction of sexual activity or aggression when compared to their pre-intervention behavior. Chemically sterilized dogs showed a statistically significant increase in dog-directed aggression, but no change in sexual activity. There was no change in home range size in any groups between the pre- and post-intervention measurement. We found no consistent association between levels of serum testosterone concentration and behavioral changes in any of the groups. This study presents the first detailed behavioral observations following surgical and chemical sterilization in male FRDs. The information generated is highly relevant to communities struggling with the control of FRDs. Complementary studies to further our understanding of the effects of male sterilization on the behavioral and reproductive dynamics of FRD populations are needed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y demográficas de pacientes con osteomielitis por Candida spp. en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín. Metodología: observacional descriptiva. Resultados: se encontraron 30 pacientes con osteomielitis por Candida spp. El 70% está conformado por hombres, con una media de edad de 49.9 años. El 46% tenía como antecedente algún tipo de inmunosupresión. El 60% tenía osteomielitis por Candida spp. como único aislamiento y 40%, osteomielitis bacteriana concomitante. Un paciente tuvo candidemia. El 46% tenía previamente una intervención quirúrgica y el 26% algún tipo de material de osteosíntesis. 26 pacientes (86%) recibieron antibióticos previamente, y son los carbapenémicos, piperacilina, tazobactam y vancomicina los más utilizados. El hueso largo fue el segmento óseo más afectado: 33%. Candida no albicans estuvo en el 63% y Candida spp. en un 3.3%. De Candida no albicans la más frecuente fue Candida. parapsilosis en 57%. El 97% de los aislamientos fue sensible a fluconazol y voriconazol. El 46% completó tratamiento. De un 43% no se obtuvo el dato de seguimiento y el 6.6% no completó el tratamiento. Conclusiones: la osteomielitis por Candida es una entidad que está en aumento y crea la necesidad de realizar estudios analíticos para explorar los factores de riesgo relacionados. Además, se confirma el aumento de los aislamientos de Candida no albicans que se describe en la literatura y se encontró sólo un caso con sensibilidad intermedia a fluconazol.

Objective: To describe the clinical and demographical characteristics of patients with osteomyelitis due to Candida spp. in Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe in Medellín. Methodology: Observational, descriptive study. Results: Thirty patients were found to have osteomyelitis due to Candida spp. Of these, 70% were male, with a mean age of 49.9 years. 46% had a history of some type of immunosuppression; 60% had osteomyelitis due to Candida spp. where it was the only microorganism isolated and 40% had concomitant bacterial osteomyelitis. One patient had candidemia. 46% had previously undergone surgery and 26% had had some type of osteosynthesis material. Twenty-six patients (86%) had previously received antibiotics, where carbapenems, piperacillin, tazobactam, and vancomycin were the most frequently used. The long bones were the most affected osseous segments (33%). Non-albicans Candida was 63% and Candida spp. 3.3%. The most frequent of non-albicans Candida was Candida parapsilosis in 57%. 97% of isolations were sensitive to fluconazole and voriconazole. 46% finished treatment. Follow-up data were not collected from 43%, while 6.6% did not finish treatment. Conclusions: As osteomyelitis due to Candida is increasing, analytic studies are warranted to explore associated risk factors. There was also an increase in non-albicans Candida compared to that which has been described in the literature, and only one case was found to have intermediate sensitivity to fluconazole.

Objetivo: descrever as características clínicas e demográficas de pacientes com osteomelite por Cândida spp. no Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín. Metodologia: observacional descritiva. Resultados: se encontraram 30 pacientes com osteomelite por Cândida spp. 70% está conformado por homens, com uma idade meia de 49.9 anos. 46% tinha como antecedente algum tipo de imunossupressão. 60% tinha osteomelite por Cândida spp. como único isolamento e 40%, osteomelite bacteriana concomitante. Um paciente teve candidemia. 46% tinha previamente uma intervenção cirúrgica e 26% algum tipo de material de osteosíntese. 26 pacientes (86%) receberam antibióticos previamente, e são os carbapenémicos, piperacilina, tazobactam e vancomicina os mais utilizados. O osso longo foi o segmento ósseo mais afetado: 33%. Cândida não albicans esteve em 63% e Cândida spp. em 3.3%. De Cândida não albicans a más frequente foi Cândida parapsilosis em 57%. 97% dos isolamentos foi sensível a fluconazol e voriconazol. 46% completou tratamento. De um 43% não se obteve dato de seguimento e 6.6% não completou o tratamento. Conclusões: a osteomielitis por Cândida é uma entidade que está em aumento e cria a necessidade de realizar estudos analíticos para explorar os fatores de risco relacionados. Ademais, se confirma o aumento dos isolamentos de Cândida não albicans que se descreve na literatura e se encontrou só um caso com sensibilidade intermedia a fluconazol.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The effect of natural and modified zeolites on the anaerobic degradation of acetate and methanol was evaluated by the determination of specific methane productivity (SMP) in batch minidigesters of 50 mL at doses of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 g of zeolite/g of VSS. The effects of the different zeolite concentrations were determined by the results of the SMP. A kinetic characterization with data of accumulated methane gas volume was also carried out. In the second phase of the study, the effects of natural and nickel zeolite concentrations were tested with piggery waste in laboratory scale digesters of 2.5 L operating at semi continuous mode, by increasing the organic load applied from 0.2 to 22.0 g TCOD/d corresponding to organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.1-8.8 g TCOD/l x d. A greater effect of modified zeolite on SMP was observed, with an increase of 8.5 times with magnesium zeolite, 4.4 times with cobalt zeolite and 2.8 times with nickel zeolite. Two phases were defined in the kinetic study and an increase of more than 2 times the apparent constant of digesters with modified zeolites was observed in the second phase when compared to unmodified natural zeolite. Modified natural zeolite addition to digesters can allow an increase in the potential biodegradability of piggery waste solid fraction and/or a considerable reduction of digestion volume.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Steroidal glycoalkaloids of many Solanum species have recognized biological activities, especially those containing the glycosyl moiety alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-D-glucopyranose (chacotriose) whose peracetate is here synthesized and characterized by complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment.

Assuntos

Assuntos