RESUMO
The consumption of functional foods, such as mushrooms, apparently influences Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), and brings benefits to maternal-fetal health. Ganoderma lucidum contains a variety of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, proteins and polyphenols that are able to control blood glucose and be used in anti-cancer therapy. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the consumption of Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) on maternal-fetal outcomes in streptozotocin-induced GDM (GDM-STZ). Pregnant rats were exposed to Gl (100 mg/kg/day) before and after the induction of GDM-STZ (single dose 40 mg/kg) on the eighth pregnancy day. Biochemical and oxidative stress parameters, reproductive performance and morphometry of fetuses were assessed. Gl reduced the glycemic response in the oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, Gl decreased AST and ALT activities. GDM increased lipid peroxidation, which was reverted by Gl. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in GDM and the administered Gl after the fetus implantation increased catalase activity. Measurements of the fetal head, thorax, craniocaudal and tail showed greater values in fetuses from rats exposed to Gl compared to GDM. Ganoderma lucidum has an encouraging nutritional and medicinal potential against GDM, since it modifies glucose metabolism, reduces lipid peroxidation, and has protective effects in fetuses born from GDM dams.
RESUMO
Through preclinical tests, this study evaluated the effects of Agaricus brasiliensis consumption in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and considered its potential as a functional food. The perinatal period was evaluated considering the daily exposure to A. brasiliensis before and after GDM induction (Abb and Aba, respectively). Nutritional characterization of A. brasiliensis was performed (centesimal composition, ß-glucans, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity). Concerning maternal reproductive development, the parameters assessed were maternal weight, oral glucose tolerance, hemogram, biochemical markers, redox status in blood, biochemical markers in amniotic fluid, and reproductive performance. Moreover, embryofetal development was evaluated. A. brasiliensis reduced hyperglycemia before STZ induction and maintained levels similar to the GDM group after STZ induction. A. brasiliensis also reduced alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels and increased high-density lipoprotein levels. The mushroom also presented antioxidant activity, improving parameters of oxidative stress. Furthermore, it protected the conceptus from actions promoted by STZ concerning external abnormalities. Thus, daily intake of A. brasiliensis in GDM suggests its potential as a functional food because the nutritional characterization of this mushroom indicated important antioxidant activity, improving lipid and glycemic functions and preventing oxidative damage from STZ.
Assuntos
Agaricus , Diabetes Gestacional , Animais , Feminino , Feto , Alimento Funcional , Gravidez , RatosRESUMO
Purpose: In this work, the potential usefulness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for treating burn wounds was examined. Methods: Second-degree burns were induced in male Wistar rats by touching the skin with a heated (70°C) metallic device for 10 s, after which the animals were randomly allocated to one of two groups: control (n=8, treated with sterile saline) and experimental (n=8, treated with AgNPs, 0.081 mg/mL; 50 µL applied to the burn surface). Seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after lesion induction two rats from each group were killed and blood samples were collected for a complete blood count and to assess oxidative stress. The livers were examined macroscopically and skin samples were collected for histological analysis. Results: Macroscopically, wound healing and skin remodeling in the experimental group were similar to the saline-treated rats. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the histological parameters between the two groups. However, treatment with AgNPs caused a persistent reduction in white blood cell (WBC) counts throughout the experiment, whereas platelet counts increased on days 7 and 28 but decreased on days 14 and 21; there was also an increase in the blood concentration of reduced glutathione on day 7 followed by a decrease on days 21 and 28. There were no significant changes in blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities or in the serum concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusion: The findings of this study raise questions about the potential transitory effects of AgNPs based on the changes in WBC and platelet counts, blood glutathione concentrations and macroscopic hepatic alterations.
RESUMO
Two scaffolds of chitosan/sodium alginate/hydroxyapatite (Ch/NaAlg/Hap) 1:1:0.2 and 1:1:0.6 were evaluated in the prevention of bisphosphonate-induced jaw osteonecrosis. Two groups of rats (n = 24, according to the euthanasia time: 15 or 30 days after the last Zoledronic acid (ZA) administration) were subdivided in four subgroups (n = 6): I - Control (saline + teeth extraction); II - ZA 0.6 mg/kg + teeth extraction; III - ZA + teeth extraction + scaffold 1:1:0.2; IV - ZA + teeth extraction + scaffold 1:1:0.6. Jaws were evaluated histologically and blood was evaluated for hematological and biochemical parameters. Histopathology showed significant osteonecrosis in AZ group. The scaffold's implantation, despite the inflammatory process, were able to prevent the osteonecrosis. In the 15-day euthanasia group, an increase in red blood cells and platelets was observed in the subgroup II. Hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased in subgroup IV compared to II. Hepatic transaminases and creatinine concentration increased significantly in subgroup II. Calcium concentration increased in subgroup IV compared to II. In the 30-day euthanasia group, no differences among the groups were observed for any parameter. Scaffolds proved to be efficient and safe to liver and kidney function. Some hematological parameters were altered by the scaffold, but returned to normal concentrations over time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1799-1808, 2018.
Assuntos
Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/prevenção & controle , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacologia , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Animais , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/metabolismo , Osteonecrose da Arcada Osseodentária Associada a Difosfonatos/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Durapatita/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Alicerces Teciduais/efeitos adversos , Extração Dentária , Ácido Zoledrônico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Zoledrônico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Muitos protocolos experimentais pré-clinicos in vivo empregam a estreptozotocina (STZ) como ferramenta farmacológica para a compreensão das sequelas que acometem os indivíduos expostos à hiperglicemia gestacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar os diversos protocolos experimentais utilizados para os estudos de embriões, fetos e filhotes de ratas com diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) induzida por estreptozotocina (DMG-STZ). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre as abordagens metodológicas aplicadas aos estudos da DMG-STZ em ratos. Três pontos foram destacados nesta revisão: a) Doses e principais vias de administração da STZ, concentração plasmática de glicose para reconhecimento do DMG-STZ; b) Protocolos empregados para a avaliação pré-natal; c) Protocolos empregados para a avaliação do desenvolvimento pós-natal. As doses encontradas nos protocolos variaram entre 30 e 135 mg/Kg para administração por via intraperitoneal; entre 15 e 65 mg/Kg para via intravenosa e na dose de 45 mg/Kg para via subcutânea. Os valores glicêmicos sanguíneos para reconhecimento do DMG ficaram entre 97 e 500 mg/dL. Os estudos pré-natais abordaram a embriopatia diabética associada ao desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central e à função renal, além das alterações do transporte útero- -placentário-fetal; os estudos pós-natais enfatizaram a correlação entre a macrossomia neonatal e a dislipidemia pós-natal, o desenvolvimento comportamental pós-natal e as alterações cardiovasculares. Embora existam grandes diferenças metodológicas entre os protocolos empregados, podemos concluir que a DMG-STZ ainda é um bom modelo para os estudos dos efeitos da hiperglicemia sobre os conceptos.(AU)
Many in vivo preclinical experimental protocols employ streptozotocin (STZ) as a pharmacological tool for understanding sequelae affecting individuals exposed to gestational hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to synthesize the different experimental protocols that have been used to examine the embryos, fetuses, and pups of rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) induced by streptozotocin (GDM-STZ). In this work, we have developed an integrative literature review, including quantitative methodological approaches that can be applied to studies of GDM-STZ in rats. Three points were highlighted in this study: a) Doses and central routes of STZ administration, and plasma glucose concentration for recognition of GDM-STZ; B) Protocols used for prenatal evaluation; c) Protocols used for the assessment of postnatal development. The doses ranged from 30 to 135 mg/kg for intraperitoneal administration; Between 20 and 65 mg/kg for the intravenous route and 45 mg/kg for the subcutaneous route. The blood glucose values for recognition of GDM were between 97 and 500 mg/dL. Prenatal studies approached diabetic embryopathy associated with central nervous system development and renal function in addition to changes in utero-placental-fetal transport. On the other hand, postnatal studies emphasized the correlation between neonatal macrossomia and postnatal dyslipidemia, postnatal behavioral development and cardiovascular changes. Although there are large methodological differences between the protocols employed, we can conclude from this review that GDM-STZ is still a good model for the studies of the effects of hyperglycemia on the concepts.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Ratos , Diabetes Gestacional/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Estreptozocina/análise , Guias como Assunto , Macrossomia Fetal/veterináriaRESUMO
Muitos protocolos experimentais pré-clinicos in vivo empregam a estreptozotocina (STZ) como ferramenta farmacológica para a compreensão das sequelas que acometem os indivíduos expostos à hiperglicemia gestacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar os diversos protocolos experimentais utilizados para os estudos de embriões, fetos e filhotes de ratas com diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) induzida por estreptozotocina (DMG-STZ). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre as abordagens metodológicas aplicadas aos estudos da DMG-STZ em ratos. Três pontos foram destacados nesta revisão: a) Doses e principais vias de administração da STZ, concentração plasmática de glicose para reconhecimento do DMG-STZ; b) Protocolos empregados para a avaliação pré-natal; c) Protocolos empregados para a avaliação do desenvolvimento pós-natal. As doses encontradas nos protocolos variaram entre 30 e 135 mg/Kg para administração por via intraperitoneal; entre 15 e 65 mg/Kg para via intravenosa e na dose de 45 mg/Kg para via subcutânea. Os valores glicêmicos sanguíneos para reconhecimento do DMG ficaram entre 97 e 500 mg/dL. Os estudos pré-natais abordaram a embriopatia diabética associada ao desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central e à função renal, além das alterações do transporte útero- -placentário-fetal; os estudos pós-natais enfatizaram a correlação entre a macrossomia neonatal e a dislipidemia pós-natal, o desenvolvimento comportamental pós-natal e as alterações cardiovasculares. Embora existam grandes diferenças metodológicas entre os protocolos empregados, podemos concluir que a DMG-STZ ainda é um bom modelo para os estudos dos efeitos da hiperglicemia sobre os conceptos.
Many in vivo preclinical experimental protocols employ streptozotocin (STZ) as a pharmacological tool for understanding sequelae affecting individuals exposed to gestational hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to synthesize the different experimental protocols that have been used to examine the embryos, fetuses, and pups of rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) induced by streptozotocin (GDM-STZ). In this work, we have developed an integrative literature review, including quantitative methodological approaches that can be applied to studies of GDM-STZ in rats. Three points were highlighted in this study: a) Doses and central routes of STZ administration, and plasma glucose concentration for recognition of GDM-STZ; B) Protocols used for prenatal evaluation; c) Protocols used for the assessment of postnatal development. The doses ranged from 30 to 135 mg/kg for intraperitoneal administration; Between 20 and 65 mg/kg for the intravenous route and 45 mg/kg for the subcutaneous route. The blood glucose values for recognition of GDM were between 97 and 500 mg/dL. Prenatal studies approached diabetic embryopathy associated with central nervous system development and renal function in addition to changes in utero-placental-fetal transport. On the other hand, postnatal studies emphasized the correlation between neonatal macrossomia and postnatal dyslipidemia, postnatal behavioral development and cardiovascular changes. Although there are large methodological differences between the protocols employed, we can conclude from this review that GDM-STZ is still a good model for the studies of the effects of hyperglycemia on the concepts.