RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is anthropophilic mosquito, extremely well adapted to the urban environment and utilizes varied habitats for egg-laying and development. This study analysed the distribution of mosquito larvae and eggs in urban area of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil. The spatial correlation between locations in which people store recyclable materials and the distribution of larvae and eggs were verified. METHODS: Larvae and ovitrap egg collections were conducted from 2014 to 2016. All persons who stored recyclable materials for living were registered and georeferenced. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify spatial and temporal trends in the number of eggs and larvae/pupae. Euclidian distance map was constructed to correlate recyclable collectors and Ae. aegypti, and Moran's index was employed to verify their spatial autocorrelation and identification of groupings. RESULTS: A total of 137,825 eggs and 16,393 larvae were collected in different habitats from 2014 to 2016. The analyses showed that there was a spatial correlation between larvae and eggs collected, and these two kinds of surveys also presented a spatial correlation with the handling of recyclable materials. The results of the analyses showed significant spatial correlations between eggs and recyclable material collectors and between larvae and collectors. CONCLUSION: The entomological surveillance conducted using ovitraps as a proxy for the presence of Ae. aegypti is an efficient and sensitive method for monitoring the presence of mosquitoes and the impact of interventions employed for decreasing vector populations. Mosquito surveys employing ovitraps should be used more often in routine activities aiming to control dengue through vector control interventions. The locations used to store recyclable materials have a significant relationship with the maintenance of the dengue virus infection in the area. Further studies will be needed to analyse the contribution of recyclable locations, for which there is no ideal infrastructure to minimize the potential use of these materials as mosquito habitats. The entomological surveillance focused on locations of recyclable materials involving interventions that are different from those commonly used in Ae. aegypti control.
Assuntos
Aedes/fisiologia , Distribuição Animal , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Reutilização de Equipamento , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Oviposição , Animais , Brasil , Dengue/transmissão , Meio Ambiente , Larva/fisiologia , Densidade Demográfica , Análise Espaço-TemporalRESUMO
ABSTRACT In view of the adaptive ability of mosquitoes and their role in the transport of infective agents, entomological surveys undertaken in transitional environments are very important for the determination of the risk they represent for Public Health. Among the principal vectors of the infectious agents involved in the occurrence of important arboviruses, such as dengue, for example, are the Culicidae-insects capable of installing themselves in the urban nuclei, which exist within areas containing vestigial forests. This present study conducted a survey of mosquito species by means of traps to catch their larvae installed in five rural areas within the Atlantic Forest domain and containing its vestigial vegetation in the municipality of Santa Bárbara D'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 13,241 larvae belonging to six mosquito species were collected on 920 occasions (32.52% of positive collections). Aedes albopictus (64.23%) and Aedes aegypti (32.75%) were the most frequent, followed by Culex quinquefasciatus (1.32%), Aedes fluviatilis (1.04%), Culex Complex Coronator (0.40%) and Toxorhynchites theobaldi (0.22%). Three areas were analyzed by means of Simpson's diversity index and the spatial analysis showed that the sites with the greatest abundance of Ae. aegypti presented lower diversity values and were associated with more highly consolidated urban nuclei. The vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika has great infesting ability in urban areas, which means that the early implementation of entomological surveillance and control activities in specific areas - such as transitional ones - is highly important.
RESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos dedengue, ocorridos no município de Santa Bárbara dOeste, SP, Brasil, no ano de2010. Foi possível analisar 1.172 fichas de notificação de casos positivos dedengue que ocorreram no município, identificados por exames laboratoriais e por critério clínico-epidemiológico. Os casos se concentraram nos primeiros meses do ano e o isolamento viral identificou a circulação de dois sorotipos da doença, DEN-1 e DEN-2. Casos positivos de dengue, classificados como importados, foram notificados no início da transmissão, e posteriormente foram sucedidos pelos autóctones. Os homens foram mais acometidos pela doença. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi de 15 a 19 anos; no entanto, os valores referentes às faixas etárias subseqüentes (20 a 24, 25 a 29, 30 a 34 e 35 a 39) também apresentaram valores significativos de ocorrência. Os sintomas que predominaram entre as notificações foram: febre, mialgia, cefaleia e artralgia
Assuntos
Animais , Dengue , Sinais e SintomasRESUMO
Trata-se de um inquérito amostral (502 entrevistas) realizado na região de Campinas SP, em Santa Bárbara DOeste Estado de São Paulo Brazil (170.000 habitantes), por ser o primeiro município a registrar casos de dengue autóctone na região, desde 1995. Avaliou-se o conhecimento da população sobre o dengue, seu vetor e prevenção em três bairros da cidade. Estas informações foram comparadas com a presença de criadouros no ambiente domiciliar, em áreas com e sem transmissão. Os bairros com melhores condições sociais e urbanas apresentaram conhecimento mais adequado sobre a doença, embora os bairros periféricos tenham sido priorizados em atividades educativas devido à ocorrência de casos. Observaram-se criadouros em todas as áreas examinadas, em quantidades semelhantes. Constatou-se a distância entre conhecimento e mudanças de comportamento. Identificaram-se as fontes de informações mais referidas e os criadouros predominantes nos domicílios. Os resultados deste inquérito podem servir como subsídios para (re) orientar ações educativas das equipes de controle de vetores, bem como avaliar um instrumento simplificado para acompanhamento do impacto do programa local de controle do dengue.