RESUMO

Plastic pollution and the reduction in synthetic food additives are demands that emerge from consumers, leading to the development of biodegradable plastic materials. The use of essential oils-EOs-has been researched because it is a natural product with antioxidant properties. Due to its nature, EO is composed of volatile compounds that can be lost during extrusion. The aim of this work was to produce active biodegradable starch/PBAT films with the incorporation of neat Eucalyptus citriodora EO (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) or EO microencapsulated by spray drying (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%), aiming at the protection of the EO. The produced films showed adequate mechanical properties (tensile strength ranged from 5.72 to 7.54 MPa and the elongation at break ranged from 319 to 563%). Testing in food simulants showed that the films retained antioxidant activity, being more suitable for use in fatty or non-acid foods, with the microencapsulation process offering protection to the EO during the process.

RESUMO

The biodiversity found in Brazilian's ecosystems brings the possibility of discovering new natural products with wide application potentials. However, knowing their availability and chemical composition is crucial. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from fresh leaves of Calyptranthes concinnaDC., a native species of Myrtaceae occurring in Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Plant samples were collected in SoutheasternBrazil and the essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition was evaluated by Gas Chromatography associated with Mass Spectrometry and antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. The extraction yield obtained was 0.015% (v), and the chemical composition revealed elemicin, a phenylpropanoid as the major component (36.46%). Still, ß-caryophyllene (16.94%), germacrene B (8.28%) and spathulenol (7.33%) proved to be relevant for the same essential oil. Antioxidant activity was obtained for ABTS and DPPH radical scavenge (134.82 ± 2,9 and 93.70 ± 1.7 µM TE mL-1, respectively) and FRAP (11.31 ± 0.2 µM FeSO4mL-1OE), revealing hydrogen-donation as the main antioxidant mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antioxidant activity of C. concinna essential oil. The product presented compounds of great relevance, with possibilities of application in different areas including food, agriculture and pharmaceutical segments(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether seeds from six native fruit species ofthe South Brazilian regionhad any type of dormancy, as well as, to verify if they havephotoblastism. The work was carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratoryofthe Federal Technological University of Paraná –Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. The influence of photoperiod factors and techniques for overcoming dormancy were tested on the germination of Eugenia uniflora L.(Surinan cherry), Plinia peruviana(native jabuticaba), Plinia cauliflora(hybrid jabuticaba), Eugenia involucrataDC. (Rio Grande cherry), Myrcianthes pungens(guabiju) and Campomanesia guazumifolia(sete capoteiro). The seeds were exposed in a condition of total darkness or photoperiod of 24 hours, being the levels of one of factors tested. The techniques for breaking dormancy tested werethe immersion in gibberellic acid solution (200 mg L-1); stratification at 5°C for 30 days; immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours; immersion in hot water (80°C) for five minutes; immersion in sulfuric acid solution (96%) for five minutes; and manual physical scarification with 120 grit sandpaper. The seeds were also tested without using any technique, making up the controlstreatments with or without light. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (luminosity x treatment for breaking dormancy), with four replications of 100 seeds. After 60 days, germination (%), percentage of accumulated germination, germination speed index and average germination time were analyzed. The seeds of most of the studied native species do not present dormancy or the effect of photoblastism, except for “sete capoteiro”seedswho are supposed to have morphophysiological dormancy, with negative photoblastism. The use of hot water or sulfuric acid in the seeds of native fruit trees is not recommended.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar se sementes de seis fruteiras nativas da região Sul do Brasil apresentavam algum tipo de dormência, bem como verificar a existência ou não de fotoblastismo. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal,da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná -Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. A influência dofotoperíodo edas técnicas para superação da dormência foram testadas paraEugenia unifloraL. (pitangueira), Plinia peruviana(jabuticabeiranativa), Plinia cauliflora(jabuticabeira híbrida), Eugenia involucrataDC. (cerejeira do Rio Grande), Myrcianthes pungens(guabijuzeiro)e Campomanesia guazumifolia(sete capoteiro). As sementes foram expostas em condição de escuridão total ou fotoperíodo de 24 horas, sendo estes,níveis de um dos fatores testados. Também foram testadastécnicasde superação de dormência como deimersão em solução de ácido giberélico (200 mg L-1); estratificação a 5°C por 30 dias; imersão em água em temperatura ambiente por 24 horas; imersão em água quente (80 °C) por cinco minutos; imersão em solução de ácido sulfúrico (96%) por cinco minutos e escarificação física manual com lixa 120. As sementes também foram testadas semuso de técnicas para quebra de dormência, constituindo-seostratamentostestemunhas com e sem luz. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (luminosidade x tratamento para quebra de dormência), com quatro repetições de 100 sementes. Após 60 dias, foram analisados agerminação (%), a porcentagem de germinação acumulada, o índice de velocidade de germinação e o tempo médio de germinação. As sementes da maioria das espécies nativas estudadas não apresentam dormência ou efeito de fotoblastismo, exceto “sete capoteiro” que supostamente apresentasementes comdormência morfofisiológica, com fotoblastismo negativo. O uso de água quente ou ácido sulfúrico nas sementes de fruteiras nativas não é recomendado.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether seeds from six native fruit species ofthe South Brazilian regionhad any type of dormancy, as well as, to verify if they havephotoblastism. The work was carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratoryofthe Federal Technological University of Paraná –Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. The influence of photoperiod factors and techniques for overcoming dormancy were tested on the germination of Eugenia uniflora L.(Surinan cherry), Plinia peruviana(native jabuticaba), Plinia cauliflora(hybrid jabuticaba), Eugenia involucrataDC. (Rio Grande cherry), Myrcianthes pungens(guabiju) and Campomanesia guazumifolia(sete capoteiro). The seeds were exposed in a condition of total darkness or photoperiod of 24 hours, being the levels of one of factors tested. The techniques for breaking dormancy tested werethe immersion in gibberellic acid solution (200 mg L-1); stratification at 5°C for 30 days; immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hours; immersion in hot water (80°C) for five minutes; immersion in sulfuric acid solution (96%) for five minutes; and manual physical scarification with 120 grit sandpaper. The seeds were also tested without using any technique, making up the controlstreatments with or without light. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 7 factorial scheme (luminosity x treatment for breaking dormancy), with four replications of 100 seeds. After 60 days, germination (%), percentage of accumulated germination, germination speed index and average germination time were analyzed. The seeds of most of the studied native species do not present dormancy or the effect of photoblastism, except for “sete capoteiro”seedswho are supposed to have morphophysiological dormancy, with negative photoblastism. The use of hot water or sulfuric acid in the seeds of native fruit trees is not recommended.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar se sementes de seis fruteiras nativas da região Sul do Brasil apresentavam algum tipo de dormência, bem como verificar a existência ou não de fotoblastismo. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal,da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná -Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. A influência dofotoperíodo edas técnicas para superação da dormência foram testadas paraEugenia unifloraL. (pitangueira), Plinia peruviana(jabuticabeiranativa), Plinia cauliflora(jabuticabeira híbrida), Eugenia involucrataDC. (cerejeira do Rio Grande), Myrcianthes pungens(guabijuzeiro)e Campomanesia guazumifolia(sete capoteiro). As sementes foram expostas em condição de escuridão total ou fotoperíodo de 24 horas, sendo estes,níveis de um dos fatores testados. Também foram testadastécnicasde superação de dormência como deimersão em solução de ácido giberélico (200 mg L-1); estratificação a 5°C por 30 dias; imersão em água em temperatura ambiente por 24 horas; imersão em água quente (80 °C) por cinco minutos; imersão em solução de ácido sulfúrico (96%) por cinco minutos e escarificação física manual com lixa 120. As sementes também foram testadas semuso de técnicas para quebra de dormência, constituindo-seostratamentostestemunhas com e sem luz. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 (luminosidade x tratamento para quebra de dormência), com quatro repetições de 100 sementes. Após 60 dias, foram analisados agerminação (%), a porcentagem de germinação acumulada, o índice de velocidade de germinação e o tempo médio de germinação. As sementes da maioria das espécies nativas estudadas não apresentam dormência ou efeito de fotoblastismo, exceto “sete capoteiro” que supostamente apresentasementes comdormência morfofisiológica, com fotoblastismo negativo. O uso de água quente ou ácido sulfúrico nas sementes de fruteiras nativas não é recomendado.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Studies on the Myrtaceae family are mainly distributed in floristic surveys, reproductive studies of plant communities or related to family taxonomy. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and, of floral visitors from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., a neglected species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capote tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the daytime. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and floral visitors of this species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capoteiro tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the night period, however, it also occurs in the morning. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.

Studies on the Myrtaceae family are mainly distributed in floristic surveys, reproductive studies of plant communities or related to family taxonomy. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and, of floral visitors from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., a neglected species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capote tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the daytime. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.

RESUMO

Surinam cherry is a native fruit tree with market potential. However, the pulp yield can be impaired by the size of the fruit seed. At UTFPR there is a genotype which produces seedless fruits, that can intensify the use of this species in orchards, and it is important to analyze the quality of the produced fruit. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of fruits from pirenic and apirenic accessions of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora). In 2012, 2013 and 2015, 40 ripe fruits were collected from 23 Surinam cherry accessions, including an apirenic genotype one. The fruits were taken to the laboratory and analyzed regarding total fruit and seed weight, equatorial fruit and seed diameter, and total soluble solids content (SST). The twenty-third access presented physical characteristics that stood out from the other accesses, but, a larger size of the seed is an undesirable factor, once with industrialization it diminishes the use and yield of the pulp. Access 19, corresponding to the apirenic cherry tree, presented a smaller diameter and seed weight, which is a desirable feature. This genotype also has the physicochemical characteristics considered appropriate for processing or fresh market.

A pitangueira é fruteira nativa com potencial de mercado. Contudo, o rendimento de polpa pode ficar prejudicado pelo tamanho da semente do fruto. Na UTFPR tem-se um genótipo que produz frutos sem sementes que pode potencializar o uso desta espécie em pomares, sendo importante analisar a qualidade de seu fruto produzido. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a qualidade dos frutos de acessos pirênicos e apirênico de pitangueira (E. uniflora). Nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2015, foram coletados 40 frutos maduros de 23 acessos de pitangueira, incluindo-se um genótipo apirênico. Os frutos foram levados ao laboratório e analisadas quanto ao peso total do fruto e da semente, diâmetro equatorial do fruto e semente, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST). O acesso 23 apresentou características físicas que se destacamdos demais acessos, porém, o maior tamanho da semente é fator indesejável, pois com a industrialização diminui-se o aproveitamento e rendimento da polpa. O acesso 19, correspondente à pitanga apirênica apresentou o menor diâmetro e peso da semente, sendo esta característica desejável. Este genótipo também apresentou as características físico-químicos considerados adequados para o processamento ou mercado in natura.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia, Casearia sylvestris and Eugenia uniflora as inducers of defense mechanisms in Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings. Four mL of each oil, with a concentration of 0.75% were sprayed in E. benthamii seedlings and two bioassays were performed, in the first, the essential oils were sprayed and after 30 days, sugars, proteins, peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia (PAL), and phenols were evaluated and; in the second, seven days after the first analysis, the essential oils were again sprayed and after three days, the same variables were evaluated. The essential oils of M. alternifolia, C. sylvestris, and E. uniflora sprayed had no significant effects on E. benthamii seedlings after 30 days in terms of total sugars, proteins, peroxidase, PAL activity, and phenols. However, when M. alternifolia and E. uniflora essential oils were sprayed seven days after the first analysis with evaluation after 3 days, an increase in total sugars was observed. After these days, all essential oils promoted an increase in protein levels. The oils of E. uniflora and C. sylvestris also increased peroxidase levels. The PAL defense enzyme not showed increased when essential oils were used. The essential oils of M. alternifolia and C. sylvestris had potential as inducers of defense mechanisms on E. benthamii seedlings after 3 days of their application, what it demonstrated not be permanent.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Casearia sylvestris e Eugenia uniflora como indutores de mecanismos de defesa em mudas de Eucalyptus benthamii. Quatro mL de cada óleo, com concentração de 0,75%, foram pulverizados em mudas de E. benthamii e foram realizados dois bioensaios. No primeiro foram pulverizados os óleos essenciais e após 30 dias, açúcares, proteínas, peroxidases, fenilalanina amônia (PAL) , e fenóis foram avaliados e; na segunda, sete dias após a primeira análise, os óleos essenciais foram novamente pulverizados e após três dias, as mesmas variáveis foram avaliadas. Os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia, C. sylvestris e E. uniflora pulverizados não tiveram efeito significativo sobre as mudas de E. benthamii após 30 dias em termos de açúcares totais, proteínas, peroxidase, atividade PAL e fenóis. Entretanto, quando os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia e E. uniflora foram pulverizados sete dias após a primeira análise com avaliação após três dias, foi observado um aumento nos açúcares totais. Depois desses dias, todos os óleos essenciais promoveram aumento nos níveis de proteínas. Os óleos de E. uniflora e C. sylvestris também aumentaram os níveis de peroxidase. A enzima de defesa PAL não se mostrou aumentada quando óleos essenciais foram usados. Os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia e C. sylvestris apresentaram potencial como indutores de mecanismos de defesa em mudas de E. benthamii após três dias de sua aplicação, o que demonstrou não ser permanente.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Surinam cherry is a native fruit tree with market potential. However, the pulp yield can be impaired by the size of the fruit seed. At UTFPR there is a genotype which produces seedless fruits, that can intensify the use of this species in orchards, and it is important to analyze the quality of the produced fruit. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of fruits from pirenic and apirenic accessions of Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora). In 2012, 2013 and 2015, 40 ripe fruits were collected from 23 Surinam cherry accessions, including an apirenic genotype one. The fruits were taken to the laboratory and analyzed regarding total fruit and seed weight, equatorial fruit and seed diameter, and total soluble solids content (SST). The twenty-third access presented physical characteristics that stood out from the other accesses, but, a larger size of the seed is an undesirable factor, once with industrialization it diminishes the use and yield of the pulp. Access 19, corresponding to the apirenic cherry tree, presented a smaller diameter and seed weight, which is a desirable feature. This genotype also has the physicochemical characteristics considered appropriate for processing or fresh market.(AU)

A pitangueira é fruteira nativa com potencial de mercado. Contudo, o rendimento de polpa pode ficar prejudicado pelo tamanho da semente do fruto. Na UTFPR tem-se um genótipo que produz frutos sem sementes que pode potencializar o uso desta espécie em pomares, sendo importante analisar a qualidade de seu fruto produzido. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a qualidade dos frutos de acessos pirênicos e apirênico de pitangueira (E. uniflora). Nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2015, foram coletados 40 frutos maduros de 23 acessos de pitangueira, incluindo-se um genótipo apirênico. Os frutos foram levados ao laboratório e analisadas quanto ao peso total do fruto e da semente, diâmetro equatorial do fruto e semente, teor de sólidos solúveis totais (SST). O acesso 23 apresentou características físicas que se destacamdos demais acessos, porém, o maior tamanho da semente é fator indesejável, pois com a industrialização diminui-se o aproveitamento e rendimento da polpa. O acesso 19, correspondente à pitanga apirênica apresentou o menor diâmetro e peso da semente, sendo esta característica desejável. Este genótipo também apresentou as características físico-químicos considerados adequados para o processamento ou mercado in natura.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study evaluated the essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia, Casearia sylvestris and Eugenia uniflora as inducers of defense mechanisms in Eucalyptus benthamii seedlings. Four mL of each oil, with a concentration of 0.75% were sprayed in E. benthamii seedlings and two bioassays were performed, in the first, the essential oils were sprayed and after 30 days, sugars, proteins, peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia (PAL), and phenols were evaluated and; in the second, seven days after the first analysis, the essential oils were again sprayed and after three days, the same variables were evaluated. The essential oils of M. alternifolia, C. sylvestris, and E. uniflora sprayed had no significant effects on E. benthamii seedlings after 30 days in terms of total sugars, proteins, peroxidase, PAL activity, and phenols. However, when M. alternifolia and E. uniflora essential oils were sprayed seven days after the first analysis with evaluation after 3 days, an increase in total sugars was observed. After these days, all essential oils promoted an increase in protein levels. The oils of E. uniflora and C. sylvestris also increased peroxidase levels. The PAL defense enzyme not showed increased when essential oils were used. The essential oils of M. alternifolia and C. sylvestris had potential as inducers of defense mechanisms on E. benthamii seedlings after 3 days of their application, what it demonstrated not be permanent.(AU)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia, Casearia sylvestris e Eugenia uniflora como indutores de mecanismos de defesa em mudas de Eucalyptus benthamii. Quatro mL de cada óleo, com concentração de 0,75%, foram pulverizados em mudas de E. benthamii e foram realizados dois bioensaios. No primeiro foram pulverizados os óleos essenciais e após 30 dias, açúcares, proteínas, peroxidases, fenilalanina amônia (PAL) , e fenóis foram avaliados e; na segunda, sete dias após a primeira análise, os óleos essenciais foram novamente pulverizados e após três dias, as mesmas variáveis foram avaliadas. Os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia, C. sylvestris e E. uniflora pulverizados não tiveram efeito significativo sobre as mudas de E. benthamii após 30 dias em termos de açúcares totais, proteínas, peroxidase, atividade PAL e fenóis. Entretanto, quando os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia e E. uniflora foram pulverizados sete dias após a primeira análise com avaliação após três dias, foi observado um aumento nos açúcares totais. Depois desses dias, todos os óleos essenciais promoveram aumento nos níveis de proteínas. Os óleos de E. uniflora e C. sylvestris também aumentaram os níveis de peroxidase. A enzima de defesa PAL não se mostrou aumentada quando óleos essenciais foram usados. Os óleos essenciais de M. alternifolia e C. sylvestris apresentaram potencial como indutores de mecanismos de defesa em mudas de E. benthamii após três dias de sua aplicação, o que demonstrou não ser permanente.(AU)

Assuntos