RESUMO
Dermatophytosis is a superficial cutaneous infection, most commonly caused by fungal species such as Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea (Microsporum gypseum), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in dogs and cats. The zoonotic potential of these species is concerning, as companion animals are increasingly close to their owners. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the current prevalence of Nannizzia-causing canine and feline dermatophytosis in Curitiba and Metropolitan Region, as well as perform phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations of these isolates. Thus, 241 skin and fur samples from 163 dogs and 78 cats were analyzed from 2020 to 2021. The samples were obtained from animals of three sources: Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, animal shelters, and private clinics. The diagnosis was performed through phenotypic characterization and sequencing ITS rDNA region. Among 97 positive samples for dermatophytes, Nannizzia was identified in 14 (14.4%) samples, while other dermatophyte genera were found in the remaining 83 (85.6%) samples. Among the canine samples, nine (90%) were N. gypsea, and one (10%) was N. incurvata. Whereas in feline samples, three (75%) were N. gypsea, and one (25%) was N. incurvata. It was concluded that among 97 animals infected with dermatophytes, dogs (24.4%; 10/41) were significantly more affected by Nannizzia than cats (7.1%; 4/56) (P < .05). According to molecular analyses, the ITS rDNA region provided satisfactory results for species-level identification of Nannizzia, confirming the first report of N. incurvata as an etiological agent of canine and feline dermatophytosis in Brazil.
Nannizzia genus affected significantly more dogs (24.4%) than cats (7.1%) (P < .05). The ITS rDNA exhibited higher accuracy for identifying dermatophytes compared to phenotypic diagnosis, allowing the confirmation of the first reports of N. incurvata as an etiological agent of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats in Brazil.
Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Doenças do Gato , Dermatomicoses , Doenças do Cão , Tinha , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Filogenia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Microsporum , Tinha/microbiologia , Tinha/veterinária , DNA Ribossômico , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/microbiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial effects of fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green topical ophthalmic dyes against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and to evaluate whether preserved or preservative-free fluorescein solutions are able to inhibit or potentiate bacterial growth. PROCEDURES: Susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method plated with clinical ocular isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial growth inhibition was evaluated 24 hours following the addition of commercially available fluorescein, rose bengal, and lissamine green sterile strips. Antimicrobial effectiveness testing was performed by inoculation of compounded 1% dye solutions, both with and without preservatives (fluorescein and lissamine contained thiomersal, and rose bengal contained nipagin and nepazol), with the five previously mentioned bacteria. Growth was evaluated at days 7, 14, and 28. RESULTS: All dyes showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive organisms. Preservative-free compounded 1% fluorescein solution inhibited growth of Gram-positive organisms but not of Gram-negative organisms. Preservative-free rose bengal and lissamine green inhibited growth of both types of organisms. CONCLUSIONS: Preferably, ocular surface samples for antimicrobial culture should be taken prior to the administration of topical dyes, due to their potential antibacterial activity, particularly if undiluted strips are applied directly or commercial fluorescein solutions are used and not immediately rinsed. Ophthalmic dye solutions containing preservative are safe from bacterial growth for up to 28 days if properly handled and stored. The use of preservative-free fluorescein solutions should be avoided and preservative-free rose bengal and lissamine green should be handled carefully.
Assuntos
Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/veterinária , Corantes Fluorescentes/farmacologia , Animais , Infecções Oculares Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Fluoresceína/administração & dosagem , Fluoresceína/farmacologia , Fluoresceína/uso terapêutico , Corantes Fluorescentes/administração & dosagem , Corantes Fluorescentes/uso terapêutico , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Corantes Verde de Lissamina/administração & dosagem , Corantes Verde de Lissamina/farmacologia , Corantes Verde de Lissamina/uso terapêutico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária , Soluções Oftálmicas , Rosa Bengala/administração & dosagem , Rosa Bengala/farmacologia , Rosa Bengala/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
There is a high incidence of bronchitis and asthma cases in veterinary medicine. Thoracic radiographs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are commonly performed for definitive diagnosis in dogs and cats with suspected bronchitis and asthma. It is believed that a combination of diagnostic tools is the best choice to achieve a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of thoracic radiographs and BAL in the diagnosis of chronic bronchial disease (CBD) in dogs and cats and whether there is any specific radiographic finding that could influence the indication for bronchoalveolar lavage. It was performed a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study including forty client-owned dogs and cats with lower respiratory tract signs and positive radiographic opacities that were evaluated with BAL followed by cytology and culture. The radiographic results compared with BAL culture showed a sensitivity of 38%, specificity of 95% and accuracy of 65% in detecting patients with pneumonia associated with chronic bronchial disease. Thoracic radiographs were effective in diagnosing 65% of the patients, radiographs plus BAL cytology diagnosed 75% of patients and the combination of radiographs, BAL cytology and culture diagnosed 95% of the patients with chronic bronchial disease. In conclusion, the combination of radiographic examination with BAL followed by cytological and microbiological analyses increases diagnostic success in CBD.(AU)
Existe uma alta incidência de casos de bronquite e asma em medicina veterinária. Radiografia torácica e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) são geralmente realizados para o diagnóstico definitivo em cães e gatos com suspeita de bronquite e asma. Acredita-se que uma combinação de ferramentas diagnósticas é a melhor escolha para se obter um diagnóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de radiografias torácicas e do LBA no diagnóstico da doença brônquica crônica (DBC) em cães e gatos e tentar determinar se há algum qualquer achado radiográfico específico que possa influenciar a indicação de lavado broncoalveolar. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, observacional, incluindo quarenta cães e gatos com sinais clínicos de trato respiratório inferior e aumento de opacidade radiográfica torácica, os quais foram avaliados com LBA seguido de citologia e cultura bacteriana. Os resultados radiográficos em comparação com a cultura bacteriana do LBA mostraram uma sensibilidade de 38%, especificidade de 95% e acurácia de 65% na detecção de pacientes com pneumonia associada à doença brônquica crônica. As radiografias torácicas foram eficazes em diagnosticar 65% dos pacientes, radiografia mais LBA seguido de citologia diagnosticaram 75% dos pacientes e a combinação de radiografias, LBA seguido de citologia e cultura bacteriana diagnosticaram 95% dos pacientes com doença brônquica crónica. Em conclusão, a combinação de exame radiográfico torácico e LBA seguido de análise citológica e microbiológica aumenta o sucesso diagnóstico na DBC.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cães , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/veterinária , Radiografia Torácica/métodos , Radiografia Torácica/veterinária , Doenças Respiratórias/classificação , Doenças Respiratórias/veterináriaRESUMO
There is a high incidence of bronchitis and asthma cases in veterinary medicine. Thoracic radiographs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are commonly performed for definitive diagnosis in dogs and cats with suspected bronchitis and asthma. It is believed that a combination of diagnostic tools is the best choice to achieve a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of thoracic radiographs and BAL in the diagnosis of chronic bronchial disease (CBD) in dogs and cats and whether there is any specific radiographic finding that could influence the indication for bronchoalveolar lavage. It was performed a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study including forty client-owned dogs and cats with lower respiratory tract signs and positive radiographic opacities that were evaluated with BAL followed by cytology and culture. The radiographic results compared with BAL culture showed a sensitivity of 38%, specificity of 95% and accuracy of 65% in detecting patients with pneumonia associated with chronic bronchial disease. Thoracic radiographs were effective in diagnosing 65% of the patients, radiographs plus BAL cytology diagnosed 75% of patients and the combination of radiographs, BAL cytology and culture diagnosed 95% of the patients with chronic bronchial disease. In conclusion, the combination of radiographic examination with BAL followed by cytological and microbiological analyses increases diagnostic success in CBD.
Existe uma alta incidência de casos de bronquite e asma em medicina veterinária. Radiografia torácica e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) são geralmente realizados para o diagnóstico definitivo em cães e gatos com suspeita de bronquite e asma. Acredita-se que uma combinação de ferramentas diagnósticas é a melhor escolha para se obter um diagnóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de radiografias torácicas e do LBA no diagnóstico da doença brônquica crônica (DBC) em cães e gatos e tentar determinar se há algum qualquer achado radiográfico específico que possa influenciar a indicação de lavado broncoalveolar. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, observacional, incluindo quarenta cães e gatos com sinais clínicos de trato respiratório inferior e aumento de opacidade radiográfica torácica, os quais foram avaliados com LBA seguido de citologia e cultura bacteriana. Os resultados radiográficos em comparação com a cultura bacteriana do LBA mostraram uma sensibilidade de 38%, especificidade de 95% e acurácia de 65% na detecção de pacientes com pneumonia associada à doença brônquica crônica. As radiografias torácicas foram eficazes em diagnosticar 65% dos pacientes, radiografia mais LBA seguido de citologia diagnosticaram 75% dos pacientes e a combinação de radiografias, LBA seguido de citologia e cultura bacteriana diagnosticaram 95% dos pacientes com doença brônquica crónica. Em conclusão, a combinação de exame radiográfico torácico e LBA seguido de análise citológica e microbiológica aumenta o sucesso diagnóstico na DBC.