RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (pMV) in pediatric patients in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort. SETTING: PICUs in centers that are part of the LARed Network between April 2017 and January 2022. PARTICIPANTS: Pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation (IMV) due to respiratory causes. We defined IMV time greater than the 75th percentile of the global cohort. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic data, diagnoses, severity scores, therapies, complications, length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: 1698 children with MV of 8±7 days were included, and pIMV was defined as 9 days. Factors related to admission were age under 6 months (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17-2.22), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.87-7.36), and fungal infections (OR 6.66, 95% CI 1.87-23.74), while patients with asthma had a lower risk of pIMV (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.78). Regarding evolution and length of stay in the PICU, it was related to ventilation-associated pneumonia (OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.79-10.20), need for tracheostomy (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.89-4.48), transfusions (OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.18-3.96), neuromuscular blockade (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.48-2.93), high-frequency ventilation (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.89-4.48), and longer PICU stay (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10-1.16). In addition, mean airway pressure greater than 13cmH2O was associated with pIMV (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.12-2.21). CONCLUSIONS: Factors related to IMV duration greater than 9 days in pediatric patients in PICUs were identified in terms of admission, evolution, and length of stay.
Assuntos
Respiração Artificial , Insuficiência Respiratória , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Criança , Lactente , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Prospectivos , Hospitalização , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapiaAssuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Cuidados Críticos/organização & administração , Saúde Global , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica/organização & administração , Pandemias/estatística & dados numéricos , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/terapia , Adolescente , COVID-19 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Terapia Combinada , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Estado Terminal/terapia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Internacionalidade , Itália , Masculino , Pediatria/organização & administração , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/diagnóstico , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/mortalidade , Espanha , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: It is currently recommended that after return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest, fever should be prevented using TTM through a servo-controlled system. This technology is not yet available in many global settings, where manual physical measures without servo-control is the only option. Our aim was to compare feasibility, safety and quality assurance of servo-controlled system versus no servo-controlled system cooling, TTM protocols for cooling, maintenance and rewarming following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in children. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, study. SETTING: PICUs of 20 hospitals in South America, Spain, and Italy, 2012-2014. PATIENTS: Under 18 years old with a cardiac arrest longer than 2 minutes, in coma and surviving to PICU admission requiring mechanical ventilation were included. METHODS: TTM to 32-34°C was performed by prospectively designed protocol across 20 centers, with either servo-controlled system or no servo-controlled system methods, depending on servo-controlled system availability. We analyzed clinical data, cardiac arrest, temperature, mechanical ventilation duration, length of hospitalization, complications, survival, and neurologic outcomes at 6 months. PRIMARY OUTCOME: feasibility, safety and quality assurance of the cooling technique and secondary outcome: survival and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category at 6 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seventy patients were recruited, 51 of 70 TTM (72.8%) with servo-controlled system. TTM induction, maintenance, and rewarming were feasible in both groups. Servo-controlled system was more effective than no servo-controlled system in maintaining TTM (69 vs 60%; p = 0.004). Servo-controlled system had fewer temperatures above 38.1°C during the 5 days of TTM (0.1% vs 2.9%; p < 0.001). No differences in mortality, complications, length of mechanical ventilation and of stay, or neurologic sequelae were found between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: TTM protocol (for cooling, maintenance and rewarming) following return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest in children was feasible and safe with both servo-controlled system and no servo-controlled system techniques. Achieving, maintaining, and rewarming within protocol targets were more effective with servo-controlled system versus no servo-controlled system techniques.
Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Hipotermia Induzida/métodos , Hipotermia Induzida/normas , Adolescente , Temperatura Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Reaquecimento/métodos , América do SulRESUMO
La bronquiolitis obliterante (BO) es un síndrome clínico poco frecuente en niños, caracterizado por la obstrucción crónica al flujo de aire asociado a cambios inflamatorios y distintos grados de fibrosis en la vía aérea pequeña. Si bien existen muchas etiologías, la causa mas frecuente se asocia a infeccionesrespiratorias virales, principalmente adenovirus. No existe un consenso para establecer su diagnóstico; sin embargo, se considera un espectro de síntomas persistentes asociados a un patrón en mosaico, bronquiectasias y atelectasias persistentes. El rol de la biopsia pulmonar ha sido cuestionado por subajo rendimiento, invasividad y complicaciones. No existe un tratamiento específico por lo que elmanejo es soporte. Probablemente la mejor estrategia constituya el empleo de antibióticos en forma agresiva, soporte kinésico y nutricional constante y una precoz rehabilitación pulmonar. Estas guías clínicas representan un esfuerzo multidisciplinario, basado en evidencias actuales para brindarherramientas prácticas para el diagnóstico y cuidado de niños y adolescentes con BO post infecciosa.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Bronquiolite Obliterante/diagnóstico , Bronquiolite Obliterante/terapia , Pneumologia/normas , Bronquiolite Obliterante/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/complicações , Viroses/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se trataron 15 pacientes con el diagnóstico clínico y ecográfico de Absceso tubo-ovárico mediante antibioterapia sistémica y punción guiada por ultrasonografía: transvaginal (12 casos) y transabdominal (3 casos). En 8 casos existió el antecedente de uso de Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU). El volumen de los abscesos osciló entre 56 y 475 cc. La evolución clínica fue satisfactoria en 14 casos. Una paciente, diabética insulino dependiente, requirió tratamiento quirúrgico. El promedio de hospitalización postpunción fue de 4 días en los casos existosos, con remisión rápida de la sintomatología, evitando la intervención quirúrgica