RESUMO
In the Anthropocene, plastic pollution is a worldwide concern that must be tackled from different viewpoints, bringing together different areas of science. Microbial transformation of polymers is a broad-spectrum research topic that has become a keystone in the circular economy of fossil-based and biobased plastics. To have an open discussion about these themes, experts in the synthesis of polymers and biodegradation of lignocellulose and plastics convened within the framework of The Transnational Network for Research and Innovation in Microbial Biodiversity, Enzymes Technology and Polymer Science (MENZYPOL-NET), which was recently created by early-stage scientists from Colombia and Germany. In this context, the international workshop "Microbial Synthesis and Degradation of Polymers: Toward a Sustainable Bioeconomy" was held on 27 September 2021 via Zoom. The workshop was divided into two sections, and questions were raised for discussion with panelists and expert guests. Several key points and relevant perspectives were delivered, mainly related to (i) the microbial evolution driven by plastic pollution; (ii) the relevance of and interplay between polymer structure/composition, enzymatic mechanisms, and assessment methods in plastic biodegradation; (iii) the recycling and valorization of plastic waste; (iv) engineered plastic-degrading enzymes; (v) the impact of (micro)plastics on environmental microbiomes; (vi) the isolation of plastic-degrading (PD) microbes and design of PD microbial consortia; and (vii) the synthesis and applications of biobased plastics. Finally, research priorities from these key points were identified within the microbial, enzyme, and polymer sciences.
Assuntos
Plásticos , Reciclagem , Biodegradação Ambiental , Consórcios Microbianos , Plásticos/metabolismo , Polímeros/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Controversy exists regarding the use of reamed interlocking nailing in femoral shafts with extremely narrow medullary canals (diameter ≤ 9â¯mm). The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the association of age and sex on femoral canal diameter in patients with a simple femoral shaft fracture and (2) compare the outcomes and complications of interlocking nailing between wide and extremely narrow intramedullary canals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: For the purposes of this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients with simple femoral shaft fractures were recruited between January 2009 and December 2016. The patient demographic data were analyzed. Then, fractures treated with interlocking nailing were divided into the wide group (canal diameter > 9â¯mm) and narrow group. The primary outcome was union rate, and the secondary outcomes were complications such as thermal necrosis, fat embolism syndrome, iatrogenic fracture, and implant failure. RESULTS: This study included 340 femoral shaft fractures. The average canal diameter was 9.97⯱â¯1.79â¯mm, with significantly wider canals in men than in women. Overall, 289 of the patients had undergone interlocking nail fixation, and a similar union rate and complications were noted between the wide canal and narrow canal groups, with the exception of the incidence of iatrogenic fracture. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral shaft fractures associated with extremely narrow medullary canals are more common in women than in men. There was a similar union rate found when using interlocking nailing in a femoral shaft fracture in cases with extremely narrow and wider canals. Iatrogenic fracture is the only significant risk when using interlocking nailing in femoral shafts with extremely narrow canals.
Assuntos
Pinos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Fraturas do Fêmur , Fêmur , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Diáfises/diagnóstico por imagem , Diáfises/cirurgia , Feminino , Fraturas do Fêmur/diagnóstico , Fraturas do Fêmur/cirurgia , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Fêmur/patologia , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/instrumentação , Fixação Intramedular de Fraturas/métodos , Fraturas não Consolidadas/cirurgia , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , Taiwan/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Ectopic pregnancy mainly refers to tubal pregnancy and abdominal pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy presents as an implanted embryo that develops in the fallopian tubes, and is relatively common in humans. In animals, tubal pregnancy occurs primarily in primates, for example monkeys. The probability of a tubal pregnancy in non-primate animals is extremely low. Abdominal pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, and ligament (broad ligament, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament).This paper describes two cases of ectopic pregnancy in cats.Cases: Cat 1. The presenting sign was a significant increase in abdominal circumference. The age and immune and sterilization status of the cat were unknown. On palpation, a 4 cm, rough, oval-shaped, hard mass was found in the posterior abdomen. Radiographic examination showed three high-density images in the posterior abdomen. The fetus was significantly calcified and some feces was evident in the colon. The condition was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. Cat 2. The owner of a 2-year-old British shorthair cat visited us because of a hard lump in the cats abdomen. The cat had a normal diet and was drinking normally. Routine immunization and insect repulsion had been implemented. The cat had naturally delivered five healthy kittens two months previous. Radiographs showed an oval-shaped mass with a clear edge in the middle abdominal cavity. Other examinations were normal. The case was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy, and the pregnancy was surgically terminated. The ectopic pregnancies were surgically terminated. During surgery, the structures of the uterus and ovary of cat 1 were found to be intact and the organs were in a normal physiological position. Cat 1 was diagnosed with primary abdominal pregnancy. In cat 2, the uterus left side was small and the fallopian tube on the same side was both enlarged and longer than normal.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gravidez , Gatos , Gravidez Ectópica/veterinária , Gravidez Abdominal/veterinária , Gravidez Tubária/veterinária , Tubas Uterinas , Saco GestacionalRESUMO
Background: Ectopic pregnancy mainly refers to tubal pregnancy and abdominal pregnancy. Tubal pregnancy presents as an implanted embryo that develops in the fallopian tubes, and is relatively common in humans. In animals, tubal pregnancy occurs primarily in primates, for example monkeys. The probability of a tubal pregnancy in non-primate animals is extremely low. Abdominal pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, and ligament (broad ligament, ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament).This paper describes two cases of ectopic pregnancy in cats.Cases: Cat 1. The presenting sign was a significant increase in abdominal circumference. The age and immune and sterilization status of the cat were unknown. On palpation, a 4 cm, rough, oval-shaped, hard mass was found in the posterior abdomen. Radiographic examination showed three high-density images in the posterior abdomen. The fetus was significantly calcified and some feces was evident in the colon. The condition was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy. Cat 2. The owner of a 2-year-old British shorthair cat visited us because of a hard lump in the cats abdomen. The cat had a normal diet and was drinking normally. Routine immunization and insect repulsion had been implemented. The cat had naturally delivered five healthy kittens two months previous. Radiographs showed an oval-shaped mass with a clear edge in the middle abdominal cavity. Other examinations were normal. The case was preliminarily diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy, and the pregnancy was surgically terminated. The ectopic pregnancies were surgically terminated. During surgery, the structures of the uterus and ovary of cat 1 were found to be intact and the organs were in a normal physiological position. Cat 1 was diagnosed with primary abdominal pregnancy. In cat 2, the uterus left side was small and the fallopian tube on the same side was both enlarged and longer than normal.[...]