RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The indigenous population located in the central region of Brazil, is the second largest in terms of population size in the country. The Indigenous Reserve of Dourados has risk factors that increase the vulnerability of the indigenous population to infectious diseases, especially Human alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1), a neglected disease with high prevalence in priority populations in developing countries. The virus can also cause many more severe diseases, including widespread neonatal infections, herpetic keratitis, and herpes encephalitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. We estimated the prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). METHODS: Our approach was cross-sectional. From March 2017 to November 2018. Using anti-HSV-1 (Gg1) IgM and anti-HSV-1 (gG1) IgG Euroimmun and the detection and quantification of HSV-1 viral load in plasma samples, through real-time PCR. The maps were constructed using QGIS and the statistical analyses using R Studio software. RESULTS: A total of 1138 individuals (> 18 years old) were enrolled. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 IgM and IgG were 20% and 97.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies for IgG was higher in both sexes. Anti-HSV-1 IgM antibodies were present in 17.1%, 21.2%, 12.5%, and 22% of the participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. Real-time PCR was used for confirmatory testing; HSV-1 DNA was detected in 25.6% (54/211) of anti-HSV1 IgM-positive samples. Viral loads ranged from 5.99E + 02 to 3.36E + 13. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgM and detection of HSV-1 DNA in the Indigenous population confirmed high silent prevalence. Furthermore, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the Indigenous population was higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Various socioeconomic factors, drug use, and health and sexual behaviors could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-1 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding the prevention, treatment, and control of HSV-1 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Herpes Simples , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Herpes Simples/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Syphilis is associated with social and behavioral factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of syphilis and its associated risk factors among recyclable waste collectors in Central Brazil. RESULTS: A lifetime syphilis prevalence rate of 7.91% (95% confidence interval: 5.25-11.75) was found among 278 participants. Low educational level, history of sexually transmitted infection, and age ≥ 36 years were associated with a high prevalence of lifetime syphilis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the need for syphilis prevention, screening, and treatment among recyclable waste collectors, highlighting the potential for the spread of infection in vulnerable populations.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Sífilis , Humanos , Adulto , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Syphilis is associated with social and behavioral factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of syphilis and its associated risk factors among recyclable waste collectors in Central Brazil. Results: A lifetime syphilis prevalence rate of 7.91% (95% confidence interval: 5.25-11.75) was found among 278 participants. Low educational level, history of sexually transmitted infection, and age ≥ 36 years were associated with a high prevalence of lifetime syphilis. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the need for syphilis prevention, screening, and treatment among recyclable waste collectors, highlighting the potential for the spread of infection in vulnerable populations.
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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, through interpersonal contact and ingestion of contaminated food or water. Prisoners are at higher risk of acquiring HAV infection mainly due to the environment of closed penal institutions and socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HAV and its associated risk factors among inmates from twelve prisons in Central Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2013 and March 2014. A total of 580 prisoners participated in the study. The participant's samples were tested for Total and IgM anti-HAV antibodies by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Risk factors associated with anti-HAV seropositivity were also analyzed. The prevalence rate of HAV exposure was 88.1% (95% CI: 85.5-90.7). No sample had a positive reaction to IgM anti-HAV. Increasing age, low level of education, and being imprisoned in Corumbá city were independently associated with HAV exposure among prisoners. To prevent the burden of the disease, vaccination strategies should be considered for susceptible prisoners in Central Brazil.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite A , Hepatite A , Humanos , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Prevalência , Estabelecimentos Correcionais , Imunoglobulina MRESUMO
Sexually transmitted Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2) causes genital ulcers, especially among sexually active adolescents and adults. We estimated the exact prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral aspects of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). In total, 1360 individuals (>18 years old) were administered serologic tests. The prevalence of anti-HSV-2 IgM was 12.9%, that of anti-HSV-2 IgG was 57.2%, and 8.5% cases tested positive for both HSV-2 IgM and IgG. The prevalence of anti-HSV-2 antibodies was higher in females (59.5%) compared to males (49%), with an OR of 0.64 (0.49-0.83). Anti-HSV-2 antibodies were found in 14.2%, 12.3%, 15.4%, and 14.5% of participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. In summary, the seroprevalence of HSV-2 in the Indigenous population was five times higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Educational level, income level, smoking, condom use, incarceration, illicit drug abuse, the sharing of used needles and syringes without adequate disinfection, homosexual relationships, prostitution, the sexual practices among drug users, and avoidance of contraceptive methods could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-2 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health-access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding and preventing, treating, and controlling HSV-2 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
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Human T-lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) have a worldwide distribution. HTLV-1 has been associated with several diseases, including an aggressive malignant disease known as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a chronic inflammatory neurological disease called HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, while HTLV-2 has not been definitively associated with diseases. HTLV-2 is most prevalent in specific groups such as injecting drug users and the indigenous population. In Brazil, most studies about HTLV in indigenous are carried out in indigenous communities from the north of the country. Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Central Brazil, has the second-largest indigenous population in Brazil. However, there is no available data about HTLV infection in this group. We conducted the first investigation of HTLV-1/2 infection prevalence in the indigenous population from Jaguapiru and Bororó villages in Dourados City, MS, to provide the prevalence and molecular characterization of HTLV. For that, a total of 1875 indigenous participated in the study. All the serum samples were screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kit for the presence of anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies. Positive samples were confirmed by HTLV-1/2 Western Blot assay. The HTLV-1 5'LTR region was detected by nested PCR amplification and sequenced by Sanger. Most of the study population declared belonging to Guarani-Kaiowá ethnicity (69.18%), 872 (46.51%), and 1003 (53.49%) were from Jaguapiru and Bororó villages, respectively. The median age of participants was 31 years, and 74.24% were females. Two individuals were detected with HTLV-1 (0.1%; CI 95% 0.1-0.2). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates belong to the Cosmopolitan subtype and the Transcontinental subgroup (HTLV-1aA). The low HTLV-1 prevalence found in this study is similar to that observed among blood donors, and pregnant populations from Mato Grosso do Sul. The absence of HTLV-2 infection among these Brazilian indigenous communities would suggest a distinct behavior pattern from other indigenous populations in Brazil.
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Infecções por HTLV-I , Infecções por HTLV-II , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/genética , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Filogenia , Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Higher rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been detected in prisoners when compared with the general population, but research into HIV molecular epidemiology and its transmission network has been lacking among them. Thus, this study aimed to verify potential HIV molecular transmission networks among prisoners. In addition, we aimed to describe the mutations related to antiretroviral resistance in these isolates. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional survey from 2013 to 2018 in prisons in Central-Western Brazil, and the final sampling composed of 84 prisoners. Proviral DNA was extracted from each whole blood sample followed by amplification of the partial polymerase gene and sequencing. Forty-nine sequences (58.3%) were classified as subtype B, followed by C (14.3%), D, and F1 (2.4% each). A complex and dynamic HIV-1 epidemic is observed in the prisons, as 25% of the sequences were recombinant forms. We detected 15 HIV transmission clusters composed of at least two sequences, that included not only prisoners but also individuals from the general population from the same State with a variety of risk behaviors. Thirty-two percent (32.0%) of treatment-experienced prisoners had at least one drug resistance mutation (DRM), while transmitted DRMs were found in 5.9% of the prisoners. We highlight the urgent need for routine surveillance of HIV-1 infection including resistance genotypic tests considering the high disease burden, risky behaviors inside prisons, and the dynamic relationship of prisoners with the outside community.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Prisioneiros , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Epidemiologia MolecularRESUMO
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among Japanese immigrants and their descendants from São Paulo (SP), and to verify the occurrence of occult hepatitis B and coinfection with HCV, Delta, and HTLV. All samples (n = 2.127) were tested for HBV serological markers by electrochemiluminescence. HBsAg and/or total anti-HBc positive samples were tested for HBV DNA by real-time PCR, and genotyped by sequencing using the Sanger methodology. The prevalence rate of HBV exposure was 13.4% (CI 95%: 11.9-14.9%), and 22 (1.1%) were HBsAg positive. A high rate of susceptibility to HBV infection was found (67.4%; CI 95%: 65.4-69.4%). In contrast, only 19.2% (CI 95%: 17.6-20.9%) presented a serological profile analogous to that elicited by Hepatitis B vaccination. HBV isolates (n = 8) were classified as genotypes HBV/B1 (62.5%), HBV/C2 (12.5%), HBV/F1b (12.5%), and HBV/A1 (12.5%). Hepatitis B vaccination strategies and educational measures to control this infection should be considered.
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Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Hepatite B , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Vírus da Hepatite B , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Hematology and Hemotherapy Institute of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Hemosul) to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) exposure among volunteer blood donors in Central Brazil. Two-hundred fifty samples from the biorepository were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM using the Wantai HEV ELISA test. The seroprevalence of HEV exposure was 6.4% (95% CI: 3.9-10.2). Being born in another state of Brazil, mainly in the Southeast and South regions, was associated with a higher risk of HEV exposure (p < 0.001).
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Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E , Doadores de Sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , VoluntáriosRESUMO
Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Hematology and Hemotherapy Institute of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Hemosul) to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) exposure among volunteer blood donors in Central Brazil. Two-hundred fifty samples from the biorepository were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM using the Wantai HEV ELISA test. The seroprevalence of HEV exposure was 6.4% (95% CI: 3.9-10.2). Being born in another state of Brazil, mainly in the Southeast and South regions, was associated with a higher risk of HEV exposure (p < 0.001).