RESUMO
Background Large language models (LLMs) hold substantial promise for medical imaging interpretation. However, there is a lack of studies on their feasibility in handling reasoning questions associated with medical diagnosis. Purpose To investigate the viability of leveraging three publicly available LLMs to enhance consistency and diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging based on standardized reporting, with pathology as the reference standard. Materials and Methods US images of thyroid nodules with pathologic results were retrospectively collected from a tertiary referral hospital between July 2022 and December 2022 and used to evaluate malignancy diagnoses generated by three LLMs-OpenAI's ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4.0, and Google's Bard. Inter- and intra-LLM agreement of diagnosis were evaluated. Then, diagnostic performance, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), was evaluated and compared for the LLMs and three interactive approaches: human reader combined with LLMs, image-to-text model combined with LLMs, and an end-to-end convolutional neural network model. Results A total of 1161 US images of thyroid nodules (498 benign, 663 malignant) from 725 patients (mean age, 42.2 years ± 14.1 [SD]; 516 women) were evaluated. ChatGPT 4.0 and Bard displayed substantial to almost perfect intra-LLM agreement (κ range, 0.65-0.86 [95% CI: 0.64, 0.86]), while ChatGPT 3.5 showed fair to substantial agreement (κ range, 0.36-0.68 [95% CI: 0.36, 0.68]). ChatGPT 4.0 had an accuracy of 78%-86% (95% CI: 76%, 88%) and sensitivity of 86%-95% (95% CI: 83%, 96%), compared with 74%-86% (95% CI: 71%, 88%) and 74%-91% (95% CI: 71%, 93%), respectively, for Bard. Moreover, with ChatGPT 4.0, the image-to-text-LLM strategy exhibited an AUC (0.83 [95% CI: 0.80, 0.85]) and accuracy (84% [95% CI: 82%, 86%]) comparable to those of the human-LLM interaction strategy with two senior readers and one junior reader and exceeding those of the human-LLM interaction strategy with one junior reader. Conclusion LLMs, particularly integrated with image-to-text approaches, show potential in enhancing diagnostic medical imaging. ChatGPT 4.0 was optimal for consistency and diagnostic accuracy when compared with Bard and ChatGPT 3.5. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
Assuntos
Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idioma , Redes Neurais de Computação , Curva ROCRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the value of serum miRNA-122 expression in the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of Acute Cerebral Infarction (ACI) and the correlation mechanism of serum miRNA-122 on the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in ACI. METHOD: A total of 60 patients with ACI who were admitted to the emergency department of the Taizhou People's Hospital from January 1, 2019, to December 30, 2019, and 30 healthy controls during the same period were selected. General clinical data of all patients at admission were collected. Including age, sex, medical history, and inflammatory factors (C-Reactive Protein [CRP], Interleukin-6 [IL-6], Procalcitonin [PCT], Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipid carrier protein [NGAL]). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission and short-term prognosis (the Modified Rankin Score [mRS]) score at 3 months after onset were recorded. The expression level of miRNA-122 in the serum of patients with ACI and normal controls was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-QPCR), and the correlation between the expression level of miRNA-122 in the serum of patients with ACI and the level of inflammatory factors, NIHSS and mRS scores were analyzed. The expression levels of miRNA-122 in the serum of patients with ACI, normal people, and Human Umbilical cord Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) cultured in a blank control group were detected by RT-QPCR and statistically analyzed. MTT and flow cytometry was used to compare the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in the miRNA-122 mimics and inhibitors transfection groups and the corresponding negative control group. The mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related factors Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and angiogenesis-related proteins Hes1, Notch1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF), and CCNG1 were detected by RT-QPCR and Western blot. Bioinformatics methods predicted CCNG1 to be the target of miRNA-122, and the direct targeting relationship between CCNG1 and miRNA-122 was verified by a dual-luciferase reporting assay. RESULT: Serum miRNA-122 expression in patients with ACI was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.929, 95% Confidence Interval of 0.875â0.983, and an optimal cut-off value of 1.397. The expression levels of CRP, IL-6, and NGAL in patients with ACI were higher than those in healthy control groups, p < 0.05; miRNA-122 was positively correlated with CPR, IL-6, NIHSS score, and mRS score. At 48h and 72h, the proliferation rate of HUVECs cells in the miRNA-122 mimics group decreased and the apoptosis rate increased. Cell proliferation rate increased, and apoptosis rate decreased significantly in the groups transfected with miRNA-122 inhibitors. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased in the miRNA-122 mimics transfection group, while those of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were significantly decreased compared to those of the control group. The expression of Bax and Caspase-3 decreased, and the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 increased in the transfected miRNA-122 inhibitors group. mRNA expression levels of Hes1, Notch1, VEGF, and CCNG1 in the miRNA-122 mimic transfected group were significantly decreased, while mRNA expression levels in the miRNA-122 inhibitors transfected group were significantly increased. Bioinformatics showed that there was a miRNA-122 binding site in the 3'UTR region of CCNG1, and dual luciferase assay confirmed that CCNG1 was the target of miRNA-122. CONCLUSION: Serum miRNA-122 increased significantly after ACI, which may be a diagnostic marker of ACI. miRNA-122 may be involved in the pathological process of ACI and is related to the degree of neurological impairment and short-term prognosis in patients with ACI. miRNA-122 may play a regulatory role in ACI by inhibiting cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis, and inhibiting vascular endothelial cell regeneration through the CCNG1 channel.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , MicroRNAs , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Interleucina-6 , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Lipocalina-2 , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Infarto Cerebral , Apoptose , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , RNA MensageiroRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) exerts anticancer effects on lung cancer. However, the clinical use of ATO is limited due to its systemic toxicity and resistance of lung cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ATO, alone and in combination with 125I seed implantation on tumor growth and proliferation in lung cancer xenograft mice, and investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The transmission electron microscope observed the tumor ultrastructure of lung cancer xenograft mice. The proliferation index of Ki-67 and the number and morphology of tumor microvessels were detected with immunohistochemical staining. The protein and mRNA expression were examined by western blot and real-time PCR assay. RESULTS: The in vivo results demonstrated that ATO combined with 125I seed significantly inhibited tumor growth and proliferation, as well as promoted apoptosis, and decreased the Ki-67 index and microvessel density in lung cancer xenograft mice. Moreover, ATO combined with 125I seed decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and BCL-2, and increased those of BAX and P53. CONCLUSIONS: ATO combined with 125I seed significantly inhibited tumor growth and proliferation in lung cancer, which may be accomplished by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Trióxido de Arsênio/uso terapêutico , Xenoenxertos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Apoptose , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , RNA Mensageiro , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To analyze the value of serum miRNA-122 expression in the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of Acute Cerebral Infarction (ACI) and the correlation mechanism of serum miRNA-122 on the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in ACI. Method: A total of 60 patients with ACI who were admitted to the emergency department of the Taizhou People's Hospital from January 1, 2019, to December 30, 2019, and 30 healthy controls during the same period were selected. General clinical data of all patients at admission were collected. Including age, sex, medical history, and inflammatory factors (C-Reactive Protein [CRP], Interleukin-6 [IL-6], Procalcitonin [PCT], Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipid carrier protein [NGAL]). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission and short-term prognosis (the Modified Rankin Score [mRS]) score at 3 months after onset were recorded. The expression level of miRNA-122 in the serum of patients with ACI and normal controls was detected by reverse-transcription quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-QPCR), and the correlation between the expression level of miRNA-122 in the serum of patients with ACI and the level of inflammatory factors, NIHSS and mRS scores were analyzed. The expression levels of miRNA-122 in the serum of patients with ACI, normal people, and Human Umbilical cord Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) cultured in a blank control group were detected by RT-QPCR and statistically analyzed. MTT and flow cytometry was used to compare the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in the miRNA-122 mimics and inhibitors transfection groups and the corresponding negative control group. The mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related factors Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and angiogenesis-related proteins Hes1, Notch1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF), and CCNG1 were detected by RT-QPCR and Western blot. Bioinformatics methods predicted CCNG1 to be the target of miRNA-122, and the direct targeting relationship between CCNG1 and miRNA-122 was verified by a dual-luciferase reporting assay. Result: Serum miRNA-122 expression in patients with ACI was significantly higher than that in healthy controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.929, 95% Confidence Interval of 0.875‒0.983, and an optimal cut-off value of 1.397. The expression levels of CRP, IL-6, and NGAL in patients with ACI were higher than those in healthy control groups, p < 0.05; miRNA-122 was positively correlated with CPR, IL-6, NIHSS score, and mRS score. At 48h and 72h, the proliferation rate of HUVECs cells in the miRNA-122 mimics group decreased and the apoptosis rate increased. Cell proliferation rate increased, and apoptosis rate decreased significantly in the groups transfected with miRNA-122 inhibitors. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3 were significantly increased in the miRNA-122 mimics transfection group, while those of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 were significantly decreased compared to those of the control group. The expression of Bax and Caspase-3 decreased, and the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 increased in the transfected miRNA-122 inhibitors group. mRNA expression levels of Hes1, Notch1, VEGF, and CCNG1 in the miRNA-122 mimic transfected group were significantly decreased, while mRNA expression levels in the miRNA-122 inhibitors transfected group were significantly increased. Bioinformatics showed that there was a miRNA-122 binding site in the 3′UTR region of CCNG1, and dual luciferase assay confirmed that CCNG1 was the target of miRNA-122.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this article is to study the efficacy and safety of cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CAD). METHODS: A comprehensive search of electronic databases and a manual search of conference papers and abstracts were performed until September 30, 2018. The studies using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 14.0 softwares were reviewed, and meta-analyses were performed on 13 indicators, such as a six-min walking distance test (6MWT), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, angina class (Canadian Cardiology Society [CCS]), etc. RESULTS: A total of 26 articles were included. The total patient population was 855, of which 781 patients were treated with CSWT. Meta-analyses indicated that 6MWT (mean difference [MD] 75.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 49.03, 102.25, P<0.00001) and NYHA (MD -0.70, 95% CI -0.92) in the CSWT group were comparable to those in the conventional revascularization group (MD -0.70, 95% CI -0.92, -0.49, P<0.00001). SAQ (MD 10.75, 95% CI 6.66, 14.83, P<0.00001), CCS (MD -0.99, 95% CI -1.13, -0.84, P<0.00001), nitrate dosage (MD -1.84, 95% CI -2.77, -1.12, P<0.00001), LVEF (MD 3.77, 95% CI 2.17, 5.37, P<0.00001), and SSS (MD -4.29, 95% CI -5.61, -2.96, P<0.00001), SRS (MD -2.90, 95% CI -4.85, -0.95, P=0.004), and the exercise test (standard mean difference 0.57, 95% CI 0.12, 1.02, P=0.01) all showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: CSWT may offer beneficial effects to patients with CAD, but more large-scale clinical studies are needed to further verify its therapeutic effect.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias , Tratamento por Ondas de Choque Extracorpóreas , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Canadá , Estudos de Coortes , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energia , Humanos , Masculino , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this article is to study the efficacy and safety of cardiac shock wave therapy (CSWT) in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CAD). Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases and a manual search of conference papers and abstracts were performed until September 30, 2018. The studies using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 14.0 softwares were reviewed, and meta-analyses were performed on 13 indicators, such as a six-min walking distance test (6MWT), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) score, angina class (Canadian Cardiology Society [CCS]), etc. Results: A total of 26 articles were included. The total patient population was 855, of which 781 patients were treated with CSWT. Meta-analyses indicated that 6MWT (mean difference [MD] 75.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 49.03, 102.25, P<0.00001) and NYHA (MD -0.70, 95% CI -0.92) in the CSWT group were comparable to those in the conventional revascularization group (MD -0.70, 95% CI -0.92, -0.49, P<0.00001). SAQ (MD 10.75, 95% CI 6.66, 14.83, P<0.00001), CCS (MD -0.99, 95% CI -1.13, -0.84, P<0.00001), nitrate dosage (MD -1.84, 95% CI -2.77, -1.12, P<0.00001), LVEF (MD 3.77, 95% CI 2.17, 5.37, P<0.00001), and SSS (MD -4.29, 95% CI -5.61, -2.96, P<0.00001), SRS (MD -2.90, 95% CI -4.85, -0.95, P=0.004), and the exercise test (standard mean difference 0.57, 95% CI 0.12, 1.02, P=0.01) all showed significant differences. Conclusion: CSWT may offer beneficial effects to patients with CAD, but more large-scale clinical studies are needed to further verify its therapeutic effect.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Doença das Coronárias/terapia , Tratamento por Ondas de Choque Extracorpóreas , Canadá , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Estudos de Coortes , Resultado do Tratamento , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Intervenção Coronária PercutâneaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cimicifuga racemosa is one of the herbs used for the treatment of climacteric syndrome, and it has been cited as an alternative therapy to estrogen. Apart from hectic fevers, dyspareunia and so on, dry mouth also increase significantly after menopause. It has not yet been reported whether C. racemosa has any impact on the sublingual gland, which may relate to dry mouth. In an attempt to determine this, we have compared the effects of estrogen and C. racemosa on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: HE staining showed that the acinar cell area had contracted and that the intercellular spaces were broadened in the OVX (ovariectomized rats) group, while treatment with estradiol (E2) and iCR (isopropanolic extract of C. racemosa) improved these lesions. Transmission electron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion in mucous and serous acinar epithelial cells and apoptotic cells was more commonly seen in the OVX group than in the SHAM (sham-operated rats) group. Mitochondria and plasma membrane infolding lesions in the striated ducts were also observed. These lesions were alleviated by both treatments. It is of note that, in the OVX + iCR group, the volume of mitochondria in the striated duct was larger than in other groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly increased in the acinar cells of the OVX group compared with the SHAM group (p < 0.05); and the MA (mean absorbance) of caspase-3 in the striated ducts also increased (p < 0.05). Estradiol decreased the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA of caspase-3 in striated ducts significantly (p < 0.05). ICR also reduced the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA in the striated ducts (p < 0.05), but the reduction of the MA in striated ducts was inferior to that of the OVX + E2 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both estradiol and iCR can inhibit subcellular structural damage, and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 caused by ovariectomy, but their effects were not identical, suggesting that both drugs confer a protective effect on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats, but that the specific location and mechanism of action producing these effects were different.
Assuntos
Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Glândula Sublingual/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Acinares/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/análise , Caspase 3/efeitos dos fármacos , Climatério/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/métodos , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Xerostomia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation of renal sympathetic nerve (RDN) shows effective BP reduction in hypertensive patients while the specific mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that abnormal levels of norepinephrine (NE) and changes in NE-related enzymes and angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) and Mas receptor mediate the anti-hypertensive effects of RDN. METHODS: Mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Plasma and renal norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, and levels of NE-related enzyme and ACE2-Ang(1-7)- Mas were measured using real time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry or Elisa in a hypertensive canine model fed with high-fat diet and treated with RDN. The parameters were also determined in a sham group treated with renal arteriography and a control group fed with normal diet. RESULTS: RDN decreased SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma and renal NE. Compared with the sham group, renal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was lower and renalase expression was higher in the RDN group. Compared with the control group, renal TH and catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) were higher and renalase was lower in the sham group. Moreover, renal ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas levels of the RDN group were higher than those of the sham group, which were lower than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: RDN shows anti-hypertensive effect with reduced NE and activation of ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas, indicating that it may contribute to the anti-hypertensive effect of RDN.
Assuntos
Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Hipertensão/cirurgia , Rim/inervação , Rim/cirurgia , Simpatectomia/métodos , Angiotensina I/análise , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , Animais , Western Blotting , Peso Corporal , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Cães , Imuno-Histoquímica , Modelos Animais , Monoaminoxidase/análise , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Norepinefrina/análise , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Valores de Referência , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/análiseRESUMO
Abstract Background: Radiofrequency ablation of renal sympathetic nerve (RDN) shows effective BP reduction in hypertensive patients while the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: We hypothesized that abnormal levels of norepinephrine (NE) and changes in NE-related enzymes and angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) and Mas receptor mediate the anti-hypertensive effects of RDN. Methods: Mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Plasma and renal norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were determined using highperformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, and levels of NE-related enzyme and ACE2-Ang(1-7)- Mas were measured using real time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry or Elisa in a hypertensive canine model fed with high-fat diet and treated with RDN. The parameters were also determined in a sham group treated with renal arteriography and a control group fed with normal diet. Results: RDN decreased SBP, DBP, MAP, plasma and renal NE. Compared with the sham group, renal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was lower and renalase expression was higher in the RDN group. Compared with the control group, renal TH and catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) were higher and renalase was lower in the sham group. Moreover, renal ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas levels of the RDN group were higher than those of the sham group, which were lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: RDN shows anti-hypertensive effect with reduced NE and activation of ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas, indicating that it may contribute to the anti-hypertensive effect of RDN.
Resumo Fundamentos: A denervação simpática renal por radiofrequência (DSR) mostra redução eficaz da pressão arterial (PA) de pacientes hipertensos, ainda que os mecanismos específicos permaneçam obscuros. Objetivo: Fizemos a hipótese de que níveis alterados de noradrenalina (NA) e mudanças nas enzimas relacionadas à NA e enzima conversora de angiotensina 2 (ECA-2), angiotensina (Ang)-(1-7) e receptor Mas são mediadores dos efeitos antihipertensivos da DSR. Métodos: Foram avaliados os valores médios de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e pressão arterial média (PAM) no início e durante o seguimento. Foram medidas as concentrações plasmática e renal de noradrenalina (NA) por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção eletroquímica, e os níveis de enzima relacionada à NA e ECA2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas através de PCR em tempo real, Western blot e imunohistoquímica ou Elisa em um modelo canino de hipertensão que recebeu ração rica em gordura e foi tratado com DSR. Os parâmetros também foram determinados em um grupo de cirurgia simulada submetido à arteriografia renal e em um grupo controle que recebeu dieta normal. Resultados: DSR causou diminuição da PAS, PAD, PAM e das concentrações plasmática e renal de NA. Em comparação ao grupo placebo, a expressão da tirosina hidroxilase (TH) renal foi menor e a da renalase foi maior no grupo DSR. Em comparação ao grupo controle, os níveis de TH renal e de catecol-o-metil-transferase (COMT) foram maiores e os de renalase foram menores no grupo cirurgia simulada. Além disso, os níveis renais de ECA2, Ang-(1-7) e Mas foram maiores no grupo DSR do que no grupo cirurgia simulada, que, por sua vez, foram menores do que no grupo controle. Conclusões: A DSR mostra efeitos anti-hipertensivos com redução da NA e ativação da ECA2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas, o que indica que pode contribuir com o efeito anti-hipertensivo da DSR.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Simpatectomia/métodos , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Hipertensão/cirurgia , Rim/cirurgia , Rim/inervação , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/análise , Valores de Referência , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/análise , Peso Corporal , Angiotensina I/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Distribuição Aleatória , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/análise , Western Blotting , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Resultado do Tratamento , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/análise , Modelos Animais , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Norepinefrina/análise , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Monoaminoxidase/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cimicifuga racemosa is one of the herbs used for the treatment of climacteric syndrome, and it has been cited as an alternative therapy to estrogen. Apart from hectic fevers, dyspareunia and so on, dry mouth also increase significantly after menopause. It has not yet been reported whether C. racemosa has any impact on the sublingual gland, which may relate to dry mouth. In an attempt to determine this, we have compared the effects of estrogen and C. racemosa on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: HE staining showed that the acinar cell area had contracted and that the intercellular spaces were broadened in the OVX (ovariectomized rats) group, while treatment with estradiol (E2) and iCR (isopropanolic extract of C. racemosa) improved these lesions. Transmission electron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion in mucous and serous acinar epithelial cells and apoptotic cells was more commonly seen in the OVX group than in the SHAM (sham-operated rats) group. Mitochondria and plasma membrane infolding lesions in the striated ducts were also observed. These lesions were alleviated by both treatments. It is of note that, in the OVX + iCR group, the volume of mitochondria in the striated duct was larger than in other groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly increased in the acinar cells of the OVX group compared with the SHAM group (p < 0.05); and the MA (mean absorbance) of caspase-3 in the striated ducts also increased (p < 0.05). Estradiol decreased the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA of caspase-3 in striated ducts significantly (p < 0.05). ICR also reduced the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA in the striated ducts (p < 0.05), but the reduction of the MA in striated ducts was inferior to that of the OVX + E2 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both estradiol and iCR can inhibit subcellular structural damage, and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 caused by ovariectomy, but their effects were not identical, suggesting that both drugs confer a protective effect on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats, but that the specific location and mechanism of action producing these effects were different.