RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cardiometabolic risk among Hispanic adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted at an academic research center in Gainesville, Florida. Participants were locally recruited, and data were collected from June 2016 to July 2018. Participants (n = 133, 60.2% female) were healthy adolescents aged 15-21 years who self-identified as Hispanic, were born in the US, and had a body mass index (BMI) between ≥18.5 and ≤40 kg/m2. Primary outcomes were BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and resting blood pressure. Associations between ACEs and cardiometabolic measures were assessed by multivariable logistic regression models, which controlled for sex, age, parental education, and food insecurity. Results were sex-stratified to assess potential variations. RESULTS: Reporting ≥4 ACEs (28.6%) was significantly associated with a greater BMI (P = .004), body fat percentage (P = .02), and diastolic blood pressure (P = .05) compared with reporting <4 ACEs. Female participants reporting ≥4 ACEs were significantly more likely to have a greater BMI (P = .04) and body fat percentage (P = .03) whereas male participants reporting ≥4 ACEs were significantly more likely to have a greater BMI (P = .04), systolic blood pressure (P = .03), and diastolic blood pressure (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic adolescent participants who experienced ≥4 ACEs were more likely to have elevated risk markers of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms driving these relationships.
Assuntos
Experiências Adversas da Infância , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, like most organisms, exhibits increased sleep amount and depth in young compared to mature animals. While the fly has emerged as a powerful model for studying sleep during development, qualitative behavioral features of sleep ontogeny and its genetic control are poorly understood. Here we find that, in addition to increased sleep time and intensity, young flies sleep with less place preference than mature adults, and, like mammals, exhibit more motor twitches during sleep. In addition, we show that ontogenetic changes in sleep amount, twitch, and place preference are preserved across sleep mutants with lesions in distinct molecular pathways. Our results demonstrate that sleep ontogeny is characterized by multifaceted behavioral changes, including quantitative and qualitative alterations to sleep as animals mature. Further, the preservation of sleep ontogenetic changes despite mutations that alter sleep time suggests independent genetic control mechanisms for sleep maturation.