RESUMO
Introducción: Los procesos migratorios han aumentado a nivel mundial por múltiples causas. En nuestro país un 4.5% de población es extranjera y el 69% proviene de países limítrofes. La ley de Migraciones N°25.871 garantiza el goce igualitario de derechos a migrantes extranjeros y argentinos. La comuna 8 (CABA) presenta 19.9% de población extranjera. Su primer Nivel de Atención está a cargo, entre otros, de los Centros de Salud y Acción Comunitaria N° 5 y 18. El Hospital Juan P. Garrahan es centro de derivación regional. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir las características de la respuesta del Sistema de Salud, específicamente, comparar el acceso al primer nivel de prevención y la satisfacción con la actividad asistencial entre familias migrantes extranjeras y nativas. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, observacional y de corte transversal a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a familias migrantes extranjeras y nativas entre Julio 2014 y Junio 2015. Los resultados se expresaron en frecuencias y porcentajes en forma global y comparativa entre ambos grupos. Resultados: Se encuestaron 287 familias, 52% nativas y 48% migrantes extranjeras. Se encontró menor acceso a trabajo formal en las últimas. Ambos grupos presentaron dificultad en la obtención de turnos, percibiendo trato más amable las primeras y mayor comprensión de indicaciones las segundas. En la asistencia médica se halló menor posibilidad de cumplir con indicaciones en familias migrantes. Conclusión: Los resultados reflejan similares características de atención pediátrica ambulatoria para familias nativas y migrantes extranjeras (AU)
Introduction: Migration has increased worldwide due to multiple causes. In our country, foreigners account for 4.5% of the population of whom 69% come from neighboring countries. The Law of Migration N°25.871 guarantees equal rights for immigrants and Argentinians. In Commune 8 (City of Buenos Aires) 19.9% of the population is foreign born. Their primary care attention is covered by, among others, Health Care and Community Action Centers N° 5 and 18. Hospital Juan P. Garrahan is a regional referral center. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the response of the Health Care System, specifically, comparing access to and satisfaction with first-level care and disease prevention among immigrant and native Argentinian families. Methods: A multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with immigrant and native Argentinian families between July 2014 and June 2015. Results were expressed in rates and percentages overall and comparing both groups. Results: 287 families were interviewed, 52% were native and 48% immigrants. Reduced access to formal employment was found in the latter group. Both groups reported difficulties in obtaining appointments, perceiving a more friendly treatment in the former and better understanding of the indications in the latter group. Regarding medical care, less possibilities to adhere to the indications were found in immigrant families. Conclusion: Our results show similar pediatric outpatient health-care characteristics for native and immigrant families (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Qualidade, Acesso e Avaliação da Assistência à Saúde , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Ambulatorial , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Argentina , Estudos Transversais , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
Annual precipitation and river water volumes and chemistry were measured from 1995 to 1998 in a mesoscale agricultural area of southeast Brazil. Precipitation was mildly acidic and solute concentrations were higher in the west than in the east of the basin. Combustion products from biomass burning, automobile exhaust, and industry typically accumulate in the atmosphere from March until October and are responsible for seasonal differences observed in precipitation chemistry. In river waters, the volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations of major solutes at 10 sites across the basin were generally lower at upriver than at downriver sampling sites for most solutes. Mass balances for major solutes indicate that, as a regional entity, the Piracicaba River basin was a net sink of H+, PO4(3-), and NH4+, and a net source of other solutes. The main stem of the Piracicaba River had a general increase in solute concentrations from upriver to downriver sampling sites. In contrast, NO3- and NH4+ concentrations increased in the mid-reach sampling sites and decreased due to immobilization or utilization in the mid-reach reservoir, and there was denitrification immediately downriver of this reservoir. Compared with tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay estuary, the Piracicaba River is affected more by point-source inputs of raw sewage and industrial wastes than nonpoint agricultural runoff high in N and P. Inputs of N and C are responsible for a degradation of water quality at downriver sampling sites of the Piracicaba River drainage, and water quality could be considerably improved by augmenting sewage treatment.