RESUMO
Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) face multiple barriers to seeking help from community resources, but little research has examined the impact of ecological influences on community resource utilisation among women living in low- and middle-income countries. The current study investigated individual-, relationship-, family-, and community-level influences on community resource utilisation among Mexican women experiencing IPV. Using baseline data from 950 women in Mexico City enrolled in a clinic-based randomised controlled trial, multilevel regressions were performed to assess associations between socioecological factors and women's community resource utilisation. 41.3% women used at least one resource. At the individual-level, every additional resource that women were aware of, was associated with a 20% increase in the total number of resources used (p < .001). Every additional lethal risk factor was associated with a 5% increase in the total number of resources used (p = .004). At the family-level, women who reported having an in-law encourage IPV used 46% more resources (p < .001). At the community-level, stronger supportive norms around community resource utilisation was associated with a 6% increase in the total number of resources (p = .01). These findings suggest the importance of addressing family and community factors in the broader ecological context of Mexican women's help-seeking behaviours.
Assuntos
Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Utilização de Instalações e Serviços , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Pobreza , Adulto , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária/estatística & dados numéricos , Utilização de Instalações e Serviços/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Few studies have investigated how intimate partner violence (IPV), and patterns of IPV experiences, may impact children's school attendance in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: Using baseline data from a sub-sample of 659 women in Mexico City enrolled in a randomized controlled trial who reported having a child under age 18 and in school, multilevel latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify women based on their reported IPV experiences. Multilevel risk regression analyses examined associations between latent class membership and IPV-related disruptions in children's schooling. Latent classes were identified in a prior study. RESULTS: Overall, 23.3% of women reported their child's school attendance was disrupted due to IPV. LCA identified four distinct classes of IPV experiences: Low Physical and Sexual Violence (39.1%); Low Physical and High Sexual Violence class (14.8%), High Physical and Low Sexual Violence and Injuries (36.5%); and High Physical and Sexual Violence and Injuries (9.6%). Compared with women in the Low Physical and Sexual Violence class, women in the High Physical and Sexual Violence and Injuries class and women in the High Physical and Low Sexual Violence and Injuries class were at greater risk of IPV disrupting children's school attendance (ARR 3.39, 95% CI 2.34, 4.92; ARR 2.22, 95% CI 1.54, 3.19, respectively). No other statistically significant associations emerged. DISCUSSION: High disruptions in children's school attendance due to IPV were reported and were differentially related to patterns of IPV experiences. Findings underscore the need to understand underlying mechanisms. Future work integrating both violence against women and violence against children is needed.
Assuntos
Absenteísmo , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Adulto , Criança , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Análise de Classes Latentes , Masculino , México , Pobreza , Instituições Acadêmicas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Disrupting women's employment is a strategy that abusive partners could use to prevent women from maintaining economic independence and stability. Yet, few studies have investigated disruptions in employment among victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in low-income and middle-income countries. Moreover, even fewer have sought to identify which female victims of IPV are most vulnerable to such disruptions. METHODS: Using baseline data from 947 women in Mexico City enrolled in a randomised controlled trial, multilevel latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify women based on their reported IPV experiences. Furthermore, multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed on a subsample of women reporting current work (n=572) to investigate associations between LCA membership and IPV-related employment disruptions. RESULTS: Overall, 40.6% of women who were working at the time of the survey reported some form of work-related disruption due to IPV. LCA identified four distinct classes of IPV experiences: Low Physical and Sexual Violence (39.1%); High Sexual and Low Physical Violence class (9.6%); High Physical and Low Sexual Violence and Injuries (36.5%); High Physical and Sexual Violence and Injuries (14.8%). Compared with women in the Low Physical and Sexual Violence class, women in the High Physical and Sexual Violence and Injuries class and women in the High Physical and Low Sexual Violence and Injuries class were at greater risk of work disruption (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 2.44, 95% CI 1.80 to 3.29; ARR 2.05, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.70, respectively). No other statistically significant associations emerged. CONCLUSION: IPV, and specific patterns of IPV experiences, must be considered both in work settings and, more broadly, by economic development programmes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01661504.
Assuntos
Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/estatística & dados numéricos , Pobreza , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Classes Latentes , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Endometriosis affects an estimated 10 percent of women and girls globally, yet little is known about symptoms and awareness among women in low- and middle-income countries. This commentary presents a descriptive secondary analysis of baseline data from a clinic-based intervention study with low-income women in Mexico City who experienced intimate partner violence in the past year(N = 754). The secondary analysis examined symptoms that may be suggestive of endometriosis as well as endometriosis awareness. Over half of participants reported at least one symptom suggestive of endometriosis (59.3 percent), while 12.5 percent of those reporting a symptom had ever heard of the disease. Pain-related symptoms were classified as pain with menses disrupting household chores, pain with menses disrupting work or social gatherings, and/or pelvic pain outside of menses disrupting daily activities. Fewer women who reported pain-related symptoms had heard of the disease compared to those who reported a history of infertility (11.4 vs. 15.7 percent, respectively).This study documents levels of awareness of endometriosis among women in Mexico City and underscores the importance of integrating endometriosis education into broader global reproductive health agendas.