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OBJECTIVE: To verify breathiness in the cisgender and transgender men and women's voices, compare values of acoustic and perceptual indicators of breathiness and fundamental frequency (f0) between groups, and compare them between the voices attributed as female and male. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional retrospective study. METHODS: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (4,937,140). Sustained vowel /a/ and continuous speech recordings of 21 cisgender men (CISM), 31 transgender men (TM), 32 cisgender women (CISW), and 31 transgender women (TW) were analyzed. Three judges conducted a perceptive-auditory analysis regarding the degree breathiness, using a visual analog scale, and attributed gender (female or male). The ABI (Acoustic Breathiness Index) was extracted using the PRAAT software (6.1.16). The f0, Harmonic-Noise Ratio (HNR), Voice Turbulence Index (VTI), and Soft Phonation Index (SPI) were analyzed using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (KayPentax). RESULTS: The ABI value for CISM was lower than for TM and CISW. CISW had a higher f0 than; TM had a higher f0 than CISM; and TW had a higher f0 than CISM. The groups did not differ for HNR and VTI. Regarding the SPI, CISM had higher values than CISW. Regarding the auditory perception, TM presented more intense breathiness than CISM in the vowel. Regarding gender attribution by voice, the voices CISM and CISW were 100% identified as male and female. On the other hand, in the vowel analysis, 45.2% of the TM voices were perceived as female, and 59.4% of TW voices as male. CONCLUSION: Breathiness occurs differently between groups and the voices perceived as male and female. Even when TM is submitted to the use of testosterone and undergoes vocal changes, the transglottal airflow remains, which is a female characteristic of phonation.
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UNLABELLED: Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is an auxiliary diagnostic technique that is used to study neurologic diseases that affect the larynx. This study aimed to verify the reproducibility and accordance of LEMG findings obtained by different approaches applied to the same intrinsic laryngeal muscle in patients with neurologic disorders of the larynx. STUDY DESIGN: This study is prospective, blind, randomized, and controlled. METHODS: Forty subjects (20 males and 20 females) aged between 21 and 78 years underwent LEMG of the thyroarytenoid muscles by different techniques, with a total of 120 insertion sites for analysis. The electrophysiological findings were grouped as follows: (1) equal LEMG findings; (2) different LEMG findings but in agreement on the same electromyographic pattern; and (3) different LEMG findings and in discord on the same electromyographic pattern. RESULTS: We found 5% discordance in the LEMG findings between the sites analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: LEMG is an important and useful technique, but caution must be taken to avoid misinterpretation and the wrong muscle approach.
Assuntos
Eletromiografia , Doenças da Laringe/diagnóstico , Músculos Laríngeos/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduçäo: A eletromiografia (EMG) é utilizada para diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças neuromusculares. Objetivo: avaliar a contribuiçäo da EMG no diagnóstico da imobilidade de prega vocal. Forma de estudo: Clínico prospectivo. Material e Método: Para avaliaçäo da contribuiçäo diagnóstica trinta pacientes com imobilidade de prega vocal foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a hipótese diagnóstica firmada clinicamente e submetidos a exame eletromiográfico de laringe. Resultados: A EMGL diagnosticou lesäo neuropática periférica, lesäo neuropática central ou fixaçäo cricoarinetóidea em todos os casos de prega vocal imóvel sem causa definida. Nos casos de prega vocal imóvel por trauma mecânico definido clinicamente, a EMGL confirmou lesäo neuropática periférica em 70 por cento dos casos, e determinou outra causa em 30 por cento (neuropatia por compressäo, miopatia e fixaçäo cricoaritenóidea). Nos pacientes com prega vocal imóvel por possível compressäo tumoral definida clinicamente, a EMGL confirmou lesäo neuropática crônica. Conclusäo: A EMGL contribui para a precisäo do diagnóstico da imobilidade de prega vocal