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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different surface treatments on topography, surface roughness, surface energy, and microtensile bond strength stability of resin cement to lithium disilicate glass ceramic. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy disc-shaped specimens of IPS e.max Press were divided into seven groups according to the surface treatment: NT - non-treated (control); FSil - hydrofluoric acid (HF) + silane; FPSil - HF + phosphoric acid (HP) + silane; FUSil - HF + ultrasonic bath (U) + silane; FPUSil - HF + HP + U + silane; MEP - Monobond Etch and Prime (MEP); and MEPH - MEP + heating. Topography and surface roughness were evaluated using a 3D laser confocal microscope (3DLCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface energy with a goniometer. The microtensile bond strength (µTBS) was evaluated after storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and after thermocycling (5,000 cycles, 5°-55° C, 30-second dwell time). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (surface roughness and surface energy), two-way ANOVA (µTBS), Tukey's HSD post-hoc test, and Student t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS: FUSil, FPSil, and FSil presented similar and highest surface roughness, whereas NT, FPUSil, MEP, and MEPH showed similar, and lowest, roughness values (p<0.05). FPUSil, FPSil, FUSil, and FSil presented a similar and highest surface energy. NT, MEP, and MEPH showed similar and lowest surface energy. CONCLUSION: Only FSil, FPSil, and MEPH maintained bond strength stability after thermocycling, with FPSil leading to less bond strength reduction, suggesting this protocol is more reliable for bonding resin cements to lithium disilicate glass ceramics.
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Colagem Dentária , Cimentos de Resina , Humanos , Cimentos de Resina/química , Silanos/química , Colagem Dentária/métodos , Propriedades de Superfície , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente/métodos , Porcelana Dentária/química , Cerâmica/química , Teste de Materiais , Ácido Fluorídrico/químicaRESUMO
Policymakers and donors often need to identify the locations where technologies are most likely to have important effects, to increase the benefits from agricultural development or extension efforts. Higher-quality information may help to target the high-benefit locations, but often actions are needed with limited information. The value of information (VOI) in this context is formalized by evaluating the results of decision making guided by a set of specific information compared with the results of acting without considering that information. We present a framework for management performance mapping that includes evaluating the VOI for decision making about geographic priorities in regional intervention strategies, in case studies of Andean and Kenyan potato seed systems. We illustrate the use of recursive partitioning, XGBoost, and Bayesian network models to characterize the relationships among seed health and yield responses and environmental and management predictors used in studies of seed degeneration. These analyses address the expected performance of an intervention based on geographic predictor variables. In the Andean example, positive selection of seed from asymptomatic plants was more effective at high altitudes in Ecuador. In the Kenyan example, there was the potential to target locations with higher technology adoption rates and with higher potato cropland connectivity, i.e., a likely more important role in regional epidemics. Targeting training to high management performance areas would often provide more benefits than would random selection of target areas. We illustrate how assessing the VOI can contribute to targeted development programs and support a culture of continuous improvement for interventions.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Sementes , Solanum tuberosum , Teorema de Bayes , Equador , Quênia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with relapsed or refractory T-Lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: PET/CT was performed in 21 consecutive relapsed or refractory T-LBL patients scheduled for HSCT. All PET/CT images were assessed using the Deauville criteria, and patients were divided into negative (Deauville ≤ 3) and positive (Deauville > 3) groups for comparison. The predictive value of sex, age, Ann Arbor stage, presence of B symptoms, lactate dehydrogenase level, presence of extranodal disease, and PET/CT results before and after HSCT were evaluated. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that only PET/CT after HSCT (post-PET) was correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.030). The Cox regression model also showed that the post-PET-positive group had a higher hazard ratio (HR) than the negative group (HR = 3.884 and P = 0.049). However, none of the evaluated factors were predictive of overall survival (OS). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-PET cannot predict the PFS and OS of patients with T-LBL undergoing HSCT, which means that 18F-FDG PET/CT cannot be used for identifying patients who can benefit from HSCT. Post-PET is not predictive for OS in patients with T-LBL undergoing HSCT. However, post-PET showed strong correlations with PFS, which means that it may be useful for guiding subsequent clinical treatment decisions.
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Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/diagnóstico por imagem , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/mortalidade , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células T Precursoras/patologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical diagnostic value of spiral CT scan with different dose in patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer. METHODS: A total of 163 cases of patients with early-stage peripheral lung cancer who came to People's Hospital of Rizhao for treatment from June 2014 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 78 cases of patients who received low-dose CT scanning were the low-dose group, another 84 cases of patients who received routine dose CT scanning were the routine dose group. Multislice helical CT (MSCT) scanning was performed in both groups, with tube voltage of 120 kV. Tube current was 25 m A in the low-dose group and 250 m A in the routine dose group. In addition, a total of 80 patients with lobar pneumonia were added as the control group of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Pathological diagnosis was taken as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the two groups. RESULTS: The image quality, nodules and signs of the two groups were compared, and the results of radiation dose of the two groups were compared. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the low-dose group were 82.05%, 87.50% and 84.81%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the routine dose group were 85.71%, 86.25% and 85.97%, respectively. The diagnostic value of the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the radiation dose in the low-dose group was significantly lower than that in the routine group. CONCLUSION: Low-dose MSCT scanning can meet the clinical requirements for imaging diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, and can reduce the radiation dose of patients.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doses de Radiação , Tomografia Computadorizada Espiral/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Bone desensitization after mechanical loading is essential for bone to adapt to its mechanical environment. However, the desensitization mechanism is unknown. Previous studies suggest that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including P2Y and parathyroid hormone receptors, play important roles in osteoblast mechanobiology. Thus, for the present research, we examined the role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in osteoblast desensitization after exposure to mechanical stimulation. We first showed the existence of osteoblast desensitization after mechanical stimulation based on cytosol Ca2+ and phosphorylated ERK1/2 activities, detected using a fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive dye and western blotting, respectively. We then demonstrated that GRK2 overexpression in MC3T3-E1 cells inhibits flow-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, while siRNA knockdown of GRK2 enhances ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Additionally, we found that GRK2 overexpression in MC3T3-E1 cells inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in the short term and alkaline phosphatase activity in the long term. More importantly, we discovered that GRK2 translocated to the cell membrane shortly after flow stimulation - a step necessary for GPCR desensitization. Previously, we have demonstrated that P2Y2 purinergic receptors, one type of GPCRs, are involved in various flow-induced osteoblastic responses. In this research, we also showed that GRK2 overexpression does not affect ATP release. Accordingly, GRK2 is able to inhibit flow-induced osteoblast responses possibly through desensitizing P2Y2 receptors.
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Quinase 2 de Receptor Acoplado a Proteína G/genética , Quinase 2 de Receptor Acoplado a Proteína G/metabolismo , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Osteoblastos/fisiologia , Animais , Biomarcadores , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Receptores Purinérgicos P2Y2/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
To examine the effect of postharvest ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation on flavanol polyphenol accumulation in the grape berry, we investigated total flavanol polyphenol content, the enzyme activity of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), and transcription of Vv lar1 and Vv lar2 using spectrophotometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis in 5-year-old Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon plants. Our results indicated that the accumulation of flavanol polyphenol reached its highest value when exposed to UV-C irradiation for 30 min. Additionally, UV-C irradiation induced the transcription of Vv lar1 and Vv lar2 and the synthesis of LAR1 and LAR2 proteins, resulting in increased accumulation of flavanol polyphenol in the grape berry. Moreover, these effects were associated with the length of time of UV-C irradiation.
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Antocianinas/metabolismo , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Frutas/efeitos da radiação , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Raios Ultravioleta , Vitis/enzimologia , Vitis/efeitos da radiação , Frutas/enzimologia , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Vitis/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) gene and the risk of Crohn's disease (CD). Eleven case-control studies were included, for a total of 5183 CD patients and 5571 healthy controls. Three common SNPs (rs13361189 C>T, rs10065172 C>T, and rs4958847 A>G) in the IRGM gene were assessed. We found that the IRGM rs13361189 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of CD [C allele vs T allele: odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05-1.61, P = 0.017; CC + CT vs TT: OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.06-1.64, P = 0.013]. However, we observed no correlation between the rs10065172 and rs4958847 polymorphisms in the IRGM gene with susceptibility to CD (all P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed significant associations between IRGM genetic polymorphisms and an increased risk of CD among Caucasian populations (C allele vs T allele: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.07-1.40, P = 0.004; CC + CT vs TT: OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.05-1.41, P = 0.009), but not among Asian populations (all P > 0.05). Meta-regression analysis also confirmed that ethnic differences may be an important source of heterogeneity (P = 0.003). Our meta-analysis results indicate that the IRGM rs13361189 polymorphism contributes to the susceptibility to CD. Thus, the IRGM rs13361189 polymorphism is promising as a biomarker for early diagnosis of CD. However, the IRGM rs10065172 and rs4958847 polymorphisms may not be the major determinants of CD risk.