RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ringworm are skin and its annexes infections. Trichophyton tonsurans is an emergent anthropophilic fungus that might cause outbreaks. AIM: To describe a ringworm outbreak by T tonsurans in an elementary school in Valparaíso, Chile. METHODS: A descriptive study was run between June and August, 2018. Students and his closest relatives in contact with them who were clinically diagnosed with ringworm have been considered a case. Mycological studies of samples had been carried out through morphophysiology tests. Data are shown in numbers and percentages. RESULTS: There were 18 cases, 16 kids (15 from kindergarten) and 2 adults. Attack rate was 68% in kindergarten. Nine cases were boys with average age of 6 years old. For 14 cases their nationality was Chilean and in 1 case Haitian. First case was a Chilean boy, and primary case was a Haitian boy. The most frequent location was face. Ten cases yielded positive cultures for T tonsurans. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure performed with clotrimazole. CONCLUSION: T. tonsurans outbreak ocurred mainly in kindergarten male. The most frequent location was face. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure with clotrimazole.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Tinha/epidemiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tinha/microbiologiaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Las tiñas son infecciones que afectan la piel y anexos. Trichophyton tonsurans es un hongo antropofílico emergente que puede provocar brotes. Objetivo: Describir un brote de tiña por T. tonsurans en una escuela de Valparaíso. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo realizado entre junio-agosto de 2018. Se consideró caso a todo alumno de la escuela y a familiares directos en contacto con ellos, con diagnóstico clínico de tiña. El estudio micológico de las muestras tomadas se realizó a través de pruebas morfo-fisiológicas. Los datos se expresaron en números y porcentajes. Resultados: Hubo 18 casos, 16 niños (15 del kindergarten) y dos adultos. Tasa de ataque en kindergarten fue de 68%. Nueve casos fueron varones con promedio de edad de 6 años. Catorce de nacionalidad chilena y una haitiana. El caso índice fue un niño chileno y el primario el niño haitiano. La localización más frecuente fue en el rostro. Diez casos tuvieron cultivo con desarrollo de T. tonsurans. La mayoría requirió tratamiento con terbinafina por fracaso terapéutico con clotrimazol. Conclusiones: El brote por T. tonsurans ocurrió principalmente en varones del kindergarten. La principal localización fue en el rostro. La mayoría de los casos requirió terbinafina como tratamiento por fracaso terapéutico con clotrimazol.
Background: Ringworm are skin and its annexes infections. Trichophyton tonsurans is an emergent anthropophilic fungus that might cause outbreaks. Aim: To describe a ringworm outbreak by T tonsurans in an elementary school in Valparaíso, Chile. Methods: A descriptive study was run between June and August, 2018. Students and his closest relatives in contact with them who were clinically diagnosed with ringworm have been considered a case. Mycological studies of samples had been carried out through morphophysiology tests. Data are shown in numbers and percentages. Results: There were 18 cases, 16 kids (15 from kindergarten) and 2 adults. Attack rate was 68% in kindergarten. Nine cases were boys with average age of 6 years old. For 14 cases their nationality was Chilean and in 1 case Haitian. First case was a Chilean boy, and primary case was a Haitian boy. The most frequent location was face. Ten cases yielded positive cultures for T tonsurans. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure performed with clotrimazole. Conclusion: T. tonsurans outbreak ocurred mainly in kindergarten male. The most frequent location was face. Most of the patients needed terbinafine treatment after a therapeutic failure with clotrimazole.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Tinha/epidemiologia , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Surtos de Doenças , Tinha/microbiologia , Chile/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La discapacidad como constructo social está compuesta por corporalidad, estereotipos y conductas de auto aceptación o negación. La discapacidad tiene implicancias a nivel personal y colectivo, demandando un perfeccionamiento en las perspectivas actuales de acción y comprensión por parte de los profesionales vinculados con esta realidad. Esta investigación se realizó con dos propósitos: explorar las construcciones subjetivas de personas en situación de discapacidad que forman parte de agrupaciones de personas con discapacidad; y describir cómo éstas influyen en su forma de organizarse y en sus ocupaciones. El contacto con los y las participantes se realizó mediante la estrategia de informantes clave, la recolección de datos a través de una entrevista semiestructurada y el método de análisis mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido (categorial). Los resultados muestran dos tendencias de funcionamiento en las agrupaciones que pueden llegar a coexistir en un mismo período. La primera de corte reivindicativo (demandar lo que se considera derecho propio) y la segunda tendencia problematizadora (poner en discusión lo que parece una idea irrefutable). Finalmente, la construcción de las personas se comprende desde la tensión existente entre las prácticas de sujeción y agencia relacionadas a la discapacidad, como la sumisión frente a modelos normativos y/o la crítica a la infantilización y asistencialismo.
The concept of disability, defined as a social construct, comprises corporality, stereotypes, and behaviors of self-acceptance or rejection. Subsequent implications of disability at the personal and collective level demand an improvement in its professional comprehension and action. This studys purposes are to explore the subjective constructions of people with disabilities who are members of groups of people with disabilities; and to describe how these constructions influence both occupations and the way people organize as members of groups of people with disabilities. Contact with participants, data collection, and data analysis were completed through key informants, semi-structured interviews, and the Categorical Content Analysis method, respectively. Results revealed two tendencies of group function that may coexist; the first relates to a demanding standpoint - that is, claiming what is believed to be a right; and the second to a problem-causing standpoint - or arguing what seems to be irrefutable -. Finally, subjective construction of individuals was understood as the fine line existing between the subjection agency practices related to their disability, as well as the submission to normative models and/or the criticism towards infantilization and assistencialism.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Ajustamento Social , Grupos Populacionais , Entrevistas como Assunto , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
Internal dosimetry intercomparisons are essential for the verification of applied models and the consistency of results'. To that aim, the First Regional Intercomparison was organised in 2005, and that results led to the Second Regional Intercomparison Exercise in 2013, which was organised in the frame of the RLA 9/066 and coordinated by Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear of Argentina. Four simulated cases covering intakes of (131)I, (137)Cs and Tritium were proposed. Ninteen centres from thirteen different countries participated in this exercise. This paper analyses the participants' results in this second exercise in order to test their skills and acquired knowledge, particularly in the application of the IDEAS Guidelines. It is important to highlight the increased number of countries that participated in this exercise compared with the first one and, furthermore, the improvement in the overall performance. The impact of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Projects since 2003 has led to a significant enhancement of internal dosimetry capabilities that strengthen the radiation protection of workers.
Assuntos
Doses de Radiação , Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Poluentes Radioativos do Ar , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Cooperação Internacional , Radioisótopos do Iodo/análise , América Latina , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Monitoramento de Radiação/normas , Proteção Radiológica/normas , Radioisótopos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Medição de Risco/normas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Software , TrítioRESUMO
Diez años de Desarrollo Alternativo en Bolivia, tiene una raíz de noventa años con la firma del Primer Tratado Internacional sobre fiscalización de drogas, en la Haya - Holanda. Desde ese entonces, mucho se escrito sobre el asunto, gran parte de lo cual ha obedecido a políticas y estrategias de gobiernos interesados en mostrar su capacidad para decidir, sobre la manera de resolver problemas de interés común a la humanidad.
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ProjetosRESUMO
En el valle Sagrado de los Incas (Valle del Río Urubamba) encontramos una sola de Lutzomyia, nos referimos a la Lutzomyia suele compartir su habitat con el vector de la enfermedad de Carrión, la Lutzomyia verrucarum. Los aspectos entomológicos fueron levados a cabo, en Mayo de 1998. Las colectas entomológicas se realizaron utilizando trampas de luz CDC toda la noche y en capturas diurnas en las viviendas.Se muestra la importancia de Lutzomyia peruensis incriminándola epidemiológicamente y se detectó Bartonella bacilliformis mediante PCR y haciendo secuenciamiento de ADN. Se presenta también la estimación del riesgo entomólogico de transmisión de bartonelosis por Lutzomyia peruensis, mediante el índice de inoculación de Bartonella bacilliformis