RESUMO
This is the first study to establish the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ecuadorian adolescent students. The population studied was made up of 2.829 students, 1.461 females and 1.368 males between 12 and <19 years of age. One thousand four hundred and thirty five students were registered in 60 schools, public and private, in the six main cities of the Coastal Region; the remaining 1.394 students were registered in 60 schools, public and private, in the six main cities in the Andean Region. Height and weight were measured in all participants and the body mass index (BMI) of each individual was calculated. Overweight was diagnosed in those adolescents whose BMI was between percentiles 85 and < 95, and obesity was diagnosed in the subjects whose BMI was > 95. Results indicate that 21.2% of adolescents had excess weight: 13.7% were overweight and 7.5% had obesity. Excess weight was higher in the Coast (24.7%) than in the Andean Region (17.7%; P < 0.0001). In the same way, excess weight was higher among students attending private schools (25,3%) than in those attending public schools (18.9%; P < 0.0001). Data also indicate that excess weight was more common in women than in men, 21.5% versus 20.8%, respectively (P < 0.02). The study also indicated that 16.8% of adolescents were underweight. Taken together, these data indicate that 38% of the studied population was malnourished. It is necessary to take measures to prevent and treat these important public health problems in Ecuador.
Assuntos
Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , População UrbanaRESUMO
Se trata del primer estudio nacional para establecer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes adolescentes en Ecuador. La muestra estudiada fue de 2.829 estudiantes, 1.461 mujeres y 1.368 varones, entre 12 y <19 años. De estos, 1.435 estudiantes estuvieron matriculados en 60 colegios públicos y privados de las seis principales ciudades de la Costa y 1.394 estuvieron matriculados en 60 colegios de las seis principales ciudades de la Sierra. A los participantes se les midió el peso y la talla y se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Se diagnosticó con sobrepeso a los adolescentes cuyo IMC estuvo entre los percentiles 85 y <95 y con obesidad a los adolescentes cuyo IMC fue = 95. Los resultados indican que el exceso de peso afecta al 21,2% de los adolescentes: sobrepeso, 13,7% y obesidad 7,5%. El exceso de peso fue significativamente mayor en la Costa, 24.7% que en la Sierra, 17.7% (P 0.001). Igualmente, el exceso de peso fue significativamente mayor en los adolescentes de colegios privados, 25.3% que de colegios públicos 18.9%, (P = 0.001) y fue mas común en las mujeres que en los hombres (21.5% versus 20.8%, respectivamente). El estudio demostró también que el 16.8% de los adolescentes tuvieron bajo peso. En su conjunto, estos datos indican que cerca del 40% de la población estudiada está mal-nutrida siendo la sobre-nutrición, el problema más grave. Se hacen necesarias medidas de intervención inmediatas para prevenir y tratar estos graves problemas de Salud Pública.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Ecuadorian adolescent students in the urban area. This is the first study to establish the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ecuadorian adolescent students. The population studied was made up of 2.829 students, 1.461 females and 1.368 males between 12 and <19 years of age. One thousand four hundred and thirty five students were registered in 60 schools, public and private, in the six main cities of the Coastal Region; the remaining 1.394 students were registered in 60 schools, public and private, in the six main cities in the Andean Region. Height and weight were measured in all participants and the body mass index (BMI) of each individual was calculated. Overweight was diagnosed in those adolescents whose BMI was between percentiles 85 and <95, and obesity was diagnosed in the subjects whose BMI was >95. Results indicate that 21.2% of adolescents had excess weight: 13.7% were overweight and 7.5% had obesity. Excess weight was higher in the Coast (24.7%) than in the Andean Region (17.7%; P<0.0001). In the same way, excess weight was higher among students attending private schools (25,3%) than in those attending public schools (18.9%; P<0.0001). Data also indicate that excess weight was more common in women than in men, 21.5% versus 20.8%, respectively (P<0.02). The study also indicated that 16.8% of adolescents were underweight. Taken together, these data indicate that 38% of the studied population was malnourished. It is necessary to take measures to prevent and treat these important public health problems in Ecuador.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Equador/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , População UrbanaAssuntos
Equidade , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde , Desenvolvimento Humano , Universidades , Equador , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
A total of 249 persons living in the northwest part of Ecuador with a clinical diagnosis of malaria confirmed by thick blood films were treated with chloroquine and primaquine according to the therapeutical system in force in the National Service for Eradication of Malaria. New clinical assessment and thick blood film were applied after 4 days in P. falciparum (n = 120) cases and after 8 days in P. vivax (n = 129) cases; patients were questioned about the compliance or non-compliance with the treatment, and the reasons for their acting in either way were studied. EPI-INFO 6.04 and SPSS PC 7.0 packages served to process the information: "kind adjustment test" (bondad de ajuste) abd factorial analysis of correspondences were used. The patient who daily took his/her pills for the number of days indicated, at the established intervals and at the right time was defined as a patient complying with the drug therapy. For every 3 patients complying with treatment, there were 2 who did not; non-compliance was not significantly related to age, sex, educational level, ethnic group, urban or rural setting or level of income, but learning about seriousness of the infection did help to compliance with the therapy. The reasons for non-compliance were mainly associated with drugs (side effects/reluctancy to take drugs), with the fact of forgetting to take them and of "getting cured quickly". The profile of the patient who did not comply with treatment corresponded to male, teenager, mixed race, poor and rural setting.