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Around 70 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by non-induced seizures that occur at irregular and unpredictable intervals. During an epileptic seizure, transient symptoms emerge as a result of extreme abnormal neural activity. Epilepsy imposes limitations on individuals and has a significant impact on the lives of their families. Therefore, the development of reliable diagnostic tools for the early detection of this condition is considered beneficial to alleviate the social and emotional distress experienced by patients. While the Bonn University dataset contains five collections of EEG data, not many studies specifically focus on subsets D and E. These subsets correspond to EEG recordings from the epileptogenic zone during ictal and interictal events. In this work, the parallel ictal-net (PIN) neural network architecture is introduced, which utilizes scalograms obtained through a continuous wavelet transform to achieve the high-accuracy classification of EEG signals into ictal or interictal states. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PIN model in distinguishing between ictal and interictal events with a high degree of confidence. This is validated by the computing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores, all of which consistently achieve around 99% confidence, surpassing previous approaches in the related literature.

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Induction motors (IM) are key components of any industrial process; hence, it is important to carry out continuous monitoring to detect incipient faults in them in order to avoid interruptions on production lines. Broken rotor bars (BRBs), which are among the most regular and most complex to detect faults, have attracted the attention of many researchers, who are searching for reliable methods to recognize this condition with high certainty. Most proposed techniques in the literature are applied during the IM startup transient, making it necessary to develop more efficient fault detection techniques able to carry out fault identification during the IM steady state. In this work, a novel methodology based on motor current signal analysis and contrast estimation is introduced for BRB detection. It is worth noting that contrast has mainly been used in image processing for analyzing texture, and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, it has never been used for diagnosing the operative condition of an induction motor. Experimental results from applying the approach put forward validate Unser and Tamura contrast definitions as useful indicators for identifying and classifying an IM operational condition as healthy, one broken bar (1BB), or two broken bars (2BB), with high certainty during its steady state.

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To assist Ecuadorian chia seed producers in their quest for internationalisation. This article uses a case study to present a methodology which assists in the selection of the most suitable export market for a product. It is based on a diverse range of indicators grouped into 7 dimensions that were used to analyse the 27 member countries of the European Union in order to determine the most suitable export market for chia seeds from Ecuador. Germany is the biggest European importer of chia seeds with a 55% share, followed by the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Spain. It presents a methodology for market selection that can be employed as a tool for international expansion which can easily be used by companies in search of the most suitable export market for their products.

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Los defectos de la pared abdominal son un grupo de malformaciones congénitas poco comunes que presentan alteraciones heterogéneas y comparten una característica en común, que es la herniación o evisceración de uno o más órganos de la cavidad abdominal, debido a un defecto en la formación de la pared abdominal. Existen diversas patologías entre las que se encuentran extrofia de vejiga y extrofia de cloaca y la Pentalogía de Cantrell, sin embargo, las más frecuentes son la gastrosquisis y el onfalocele; en esta revisión se discutirá el manejo y el protocolo de seguimiento de estas dos patologías.

Abdominal wall defects are a group of rare congenital malformations, which represent heterogeneous alterations and share an uncommon characteristic, which is the herniation or evisceration of one or more organs of the abdominal cavity, due to a defect in the formation of the abdominal wall. There are several pathologies among which are bladder exstrophy and cloacal exstrophy and the Pentalogy of Cantrell, however, the most frequent are gastroschisis and omphalocele. In this article we will review and discuss the management and follow-up protocol of these two pathologies

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Cephalopelvic disproportion in the pelvic inlet is a maternal risk factor in childbirth. A high number of dystocias are attended as emergencies and end in cesarean sections because there is no way to diagnose a narrow pelvis early on, a determination which would be easy to perform and at no cost to the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the Anterior Pelvic Index (API) as a predictive estimator of the obstetric conjugate diameter to differentiate narrow and normal pelvises. The study was conducted with 200 adolescent girls aged 14 to 19 years, from Quito, Ecuador; the parents signed the informed consent and the girls agreed to take part. The interspinous distance, height and obstetric conjugate diameter were measured by ultrasonography. Then the API was calculated and the predictive value of the obstetric conjugate diameter was obtained by simple linear regression. The average API value was 14.8 (CI 95 % 14.75 to 14.86) with a minimum value of 13.99 and a maximum value of 19.92. The association between the API and the obstetric conjugate diameter measured by ultrasonography produced a Pearson's correlation value of 0.543 (p=0.000). The simple linear regression test between the API and the obstetric conjugate diameter measured by ultrasonography was statistically significant. Therefore, it was determined that the prediction of the obstetric conjugate diameter, having the API as a predictor, can be calculated with the following formula:y=4.38+0.45*x and thus a possible narrow pelvis can be anticipated.

La desproporción feto-pélvica se puede producir en el estrecho superior de la pelvis, constituyéndose en un factor materno de riesgo en el parto. Un elevado número de partos distócicos son atendidos de emergencia y terminan en cesárea debido a que no existe un método de diagnóstico precoz de la estrechez pélvica, que sea fácil de realizar y sin costo para el paciente. El objetivo fue determinar el Índice Pelviano Anterior (API) como estimador predictivo del diámetro conjugado obstétrico para diferenciar pelvis estrechas y normales. El estudio fue realizado con 200 mujeres adolescentes de 14 a 19 años, de Quito, Ecuador, quienes cumplieron con la firma del consentimiento informado de los padres y el asentimiento de ellas. Se les midió la distancia interespinosa, la talla y el diámetro conjugado obstétrico ecográfico. Luego se calculó el Índice Pelviano Anterior y, mediante regresión lineal simple, se obtuvo el valor de predicción del diámetro conjugado obstétrico. El valor promedio del Índice Pelviano Anterior (API) fue de 14.8 (IC 95 % 14.75 a 14.86) con un valor mínimo de 13.99 y un valor máximo es de 19.92. La asociación entre el API y el diámetro conjugado obstétrico ecográfico produjo un valor de correlación de Pearson de 0.543 (p=0.000). La prueba de regresión lineal simple entre el PAI y el diámetro conjugado obstétrico ecográfico fue estadísticamente significativo. Por lo tanto, se determinó que la predicción del diámetro conjugado obstétrico, teniendo como predictor al PAI, se calculará con la siguiente fórmula : y=4.38+0.45*x y con ello se podrá pronosticar una eventual estrechez pélvica..

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Objetivos: analizar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas que tiene una muestra voluntaria de proveedores de salud en obstetricia asistentes al XXI Congreso Nacional de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Ecuador sobre muerte materna, leyes nacionales y tratamientos relacionados al aborto incompleto. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una intervención investigativa transversal...

Objectives: To examine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices which has voluntary sample of health care providers at obstetrician tending the 21st National Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Ecuador on maternal death, national laws and treatment related to incomplete abortion. Material and Methods: a descriptive and analytical cross - sectional investigative intervention through suvery...

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Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en una muestra intencionada de médicos gineco-obstetras líderes provinciales de la Federación de Sociedades de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Ecuador (FESGO) sobre el aborto inducido. Diseño: Estudio transversal, correlacional, de corte prospectivo y analítico. Institución: Federación de Sociedades de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Ecuador (FESGO). Participantes: Médicos gineco-obstetras líderes provinciales de FESGO. Metodología: En una muestra intencionada de 33 médicos gineco-obstetras se aplicó una encuesta estructurada validada y basada en experiencias de la región, acerca de datos generales y sociodemográficos del encuestado, conocimientos teóricos sobre la epidemiología del aborto y la muerte materna, actitudes con relación del manejo del aborto inseguro, y la práctica de prescripción de misoprostol y tratamiento quirúrgico por aspiración. Principales medidas de resultados: Nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas. Resultados: La población encuestada tenía promedio de edad de 49 años, 16 años de práctica, con relación estable, hijos y religión declarada. Consideraron de alta prioridad la muerte materna por aborto, pues atendían pacientes públicas y privadas con intención de aborto inducido frecuente y uso de misoprostol previo. Consideraron la ampliación de motivos para aborto con la proyección de reducción de mortalidad, aunque los casos aumentaran. En su mayoría consideraron suficientes sus conocimientos de derechos reproductivos, se sentían solventes respecto a la consejería en misoprostol, aunque la satisfacción alta respecto a consejería de aborto inducido fue apenas en 51%. Conclusiones: Los líderes provinciales de esta muestra intencionada conocían la temática del aborto y su atención integral. Los conocimientos fueron altos, aunque las actitudes y prácticas resultaron diversas, con respuestas que sugieren mayor sensibilización y capacitación. Nuevos estudios necesitan ser realizados en una población más amplia de gineco-obstetras federados, así como intervenciones educativas y de sensibilización para mejorar la calidad de atención del aborto.

Objectives: To determine knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding abortion in an intentioned sample of obstetrician/gynecologists who are provincial leaders of the Federación de Sociedades de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Ecuador (FESGO). Design: Prospective, correlational, cross-sectional, and analytical survey. Setting: Federación de Sociedades de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Ecuador (FESGO). Participants: FESGO obstetrician/gynecologists provincial leaders. Methods: A structured and validated survey was applied to an intentional sample of 33 obstetrician/gynecologists. The survey was based on experiences in the region, general and demographic information of the respondent, theoretical knowledge about the epidemiology of abortion and maternal death, attitudes about the management of unsafe abortion, and practice on misoprostol prescription and surgical aspiration. Main outcome measures: Knowledge, attitude and practices. Results: The survey respondents were 49 years old average, had 16 years of medical practice, and stable family relations, with declared children and religion. They considered maternal death due to abortion of high priority be-cause they attended public and private patients with frequent history of induced abortion and use of misoprostol. They also considered the expansion of reasons for abortion in the light of a potential reduction in mortality, even if the number of cases increased. Most considered sufficient their knowledge on reproductive rights and felt proficient with respect to counseling on misoprostol, although high satisfaction on induced abortion counseling was just 51%. Conclusions: Provincial leaders of this sample knew about abortion and its comprehensive care. Knowledge was high, but attitude and practices were diverse and require more awareness and training. Further studies are needed in a b broader federated population of obstetrician/ gynecologists. Educational and sensitizing interventions are needed to improve the quality of abortion care.

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El Linfoma Primario de Páncreas es una enfermedad rara, representando el 1 % de todos los linfomas de presentación extranodal y el 0,5% de todas las masas pancreáticas. Menos de 150 casos han sido reportados en la literatura en ingles, los cuales son generalmente linfomas de células tipo B. Los linfomas de celulas T, representan aproximadamente el 4% de los linfomas primarios de pancreas y la supervivencia a los 5 años es del 0%. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 28 años de edad que se presento a la emergencia con una colangitis aguda severa y una historia insidiosa de baja de peso e icteria obstructiva. La tomografía revelo una lesión tumoral heterogénea, difusa en cabeza de páncreas asi como dilatación leve del conducto pancreático, dilatación de vía biliar intra y extra-hepatica, no adenopatías retroperitoneales y sin infiltración hepática ni esplénica. Se realizo una autopsia dirigida y los estudios histopatologicos confirmaron un linfoma no Hodgkin de células T, CD3 + CD20-.

Primary pancreatic lymphomas (PPL) are rare tumors, comprising 1% of extra-nodal lymphomas and 0.5% of all pancreatic masses. Fewer than 150 cases have been reported worldwide, which most commonly are large B cell lymphomas. T cell lymphomas comprise 4% of all PPL and present a 5-year survival rate of 0%. We report the case of a 28 year-old peruvian woman who presented with a fatal acute cholangitis and a history of insidious weight loss and obstructive jaundice. The CT scan revaled a diffuse heterogeneus mass in the head of the pancreas along with a mildly dilated pancreatic duct and dilated intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts, no liver, splenic involvement, or retroperitoneal adenopathies were evident. An autopsy was performed and the histopathologic investigation confirmed a T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CD3+ CD20-.

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Primary pancreatic lymphomas (PPL) are rare tumors, comprising 1% of extra-nodal lymphomas and 0.5% of all pancreatic masses. Fewer than 150 cases have been reported worldwide, which most commonly are large B cell lymphomas. T cell lymphomas comprise 4% of all PPL and present a 5-year survival rate of 0%. We report the case of a 28 year-old Peruvian woman who presented with a fatal acute cholangitis and a history of insidious weight loss and obstructive jaundice. The CT scan revaled a diffuse heterogeneus mass in the head of the pancreas along with a mildly dilated pancreatic duct and dilated intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts, no liver, splenic involvement, or retroperitoneal adenopathies were evident. An autopsy was performed and the histopathologic investigation confirmed a T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CD3+ CD20-.

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The measurement of small displacements on the nanometric scale demands metrological systems of high accuracy and precision. In this context, interferometer-based displacement measurements have become the main tools used for traceable dimensional metrology. The different industrial applications in which small displacement measurements are employed requires the use of online measurements, high speed processes, open architecture control systems, as well as good adaptability to specific process conditions. The main contribution of this work is the development of a smart sensor for large displacement measurement based on phase measurement which achieves high accuracy and resolution, designed to be used with a commercial heterodyne interferometer. The system is based on a low-cost Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) allowing the integration of several functions in a single portable device. This system is optimal for high speed applications where online measurement is needed and the reconfigurability feature allows the addition of different modules for error compensation, as might be required by a specific application.

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