RESUMO
Pulmonary adhesions in dogs are a common sequel after surgical intervention, undermining any interventions. This study aimed to determine in dogs, the efficacy of sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in order to prevent adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy. Fifteen dogs were separated into three groups of five animals, A, B and C and underwent thoracotomy in the fifth left intercostal space. Three other dogs were submitted to a previous study. In the dogs of Group A it was performed only a thoracotomy and thoracorraphy; in group B, it was performed a thoracotomy, thoracorraphy and injection into the pleural cavity of isotonic sodium chloride (10ml) and dexamethasone (1mg kg-1). In the dogs of the group C, it was performed the thoracotomy thoracorraphy and injected isotonic sodium chloride (10ml kg-1) into the pleural cavity. After 15 days of thoracotomy, it was performed transdiaphragmatic thoracocospy to determine the presence and score of adhesions between the lung and chest wall. The results demonstrated the presence of adhesions in the majority of group A and reduced or no adhesions in the other groups. For statistical evaluation, it was pplied the chi-square test with significance level of 5% (P0.05). The sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in the pleural space prevented or reduced lung adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy.
As aderências pulmonares em cães são sequelas comuns após trauma penetrante, fratura costal, infecção, intervenção cirúrgica, entre outras que prejudicam eventuais intervenções ou reintervenções. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se verificar, em cães, a eficiência da solução de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) 0,9%, adicionada ou não com dexametasona, na prevenção de aderências após toracotomia intercostal. Para isso, foram utilizados três cães, em estudo piloto, e 15 cães, separados em três grupos (A, B, C), submetidos a toracotomia no quinto espaço intercostal esquerdo. Nos cães do grupo A, foi feita somente a toracotomia e a toracorrafia; nos do grupo B, foram realizadas a toracotomia e a toracorrafia e injeção na cavidade pleural ipsolateral de 1mg kg-1 de dexametasona, diluída em 10ml de NaCl a 0,9%. Nos do grupo C, além da toracotomia e toracorrafia, foram injetados no tórax 10ml kg-1 de solução de NaCl a 0,9%. Após 15 dias, foi efetuada videotoracoscopia transdiafragmática para se determinar a presença e o escore de aderências entre o pulmão e a parede costal. Os resultados demonstraram presença de aderências na maioria dos animais do grupo A e reduzida a nenhuma aderência nos demais grupos. Na avaliação estatística, foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. O uso de solução de NaCl a 0,9% adicionada ou não com dexametasona no espaço pleural evita ou reduz aderências pulmonares após a toracotomia intercostal.
RESUMO
Pulmonary adhesions in dogs are a common sequel after surgical intervention, undermining any interventions. This study aimed to determine in dogs, the efficacy of sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in order to prevent adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy. Fifteen dogs were separated into three groups of five animals, A, B and C and underwent thoracotomy in the fifth left intercostal space. Three other dogs were submitted to a previous study. In the dogs of Group A it was performed only a thoracotomy and thoracorraphy; in group B, it was performed a thoracotomy, thoracorraphy and injection into the pleural cavity of isotonic sodium chloride (10ml) and dexamethasone (1mg kg-1). In the dogs of the group C, it was performed the thoracotomy thoracorraphy and injected isotonic sodium chloride (10ml kg-1) into the pleural cavity. After 15 days of thoracotomy, it was performed transdiaphragmatic thoracocospy to determine the presence and score of adhesions between the lung and chest wall. The results demonstrated the presence of adhesions in the majority of group A and reduced or no adhesions in the other groups. For statistical evaluation, it was pplied the chi-square test with significance level of 5% (P0.05). The sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in the pleural space prevented or reduced lung adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy.
As aderências pulmonares em cães são sequelas comuns após trauma penetrante, fratura costal, infecção, intervenção cirúrgica, entre outras que prejudicam eventuais intervenções ou reintervenções. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se verificar, em cães, a eficiência da solução de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) 0,9%, adicionada ou não com dexametasona, na prevenção de aderências após toracotomia intercostal. Para isso, foram utilizados três cães, em estudo piloto, e 15 cães, separados em três grupos (A, B, C), submetidos a toracotomia no quinto espaço intercostal esquerdo. Nos cães do grupo A, foi feita somente a toracotomia e a toracorrafia; nos do grupo B, foram realizadas a toracotomia e a toracorrafia e injeção na cavidade pleural ipsolateral de 1mg kg-1 de dexametasona, diluída em 10ml de NaCl a 0,9%. Nos do grupo C, além da toracotomia e toracorrafia, foram injetados no tórax 10ml kg-1 de solução de NaCl a 0,9%. Após 15 dias, foi efetuada videotoracoscopia transdiafragmática para se determinar a presença e o escore de aderências entre o pulmão e a parede costal. Os resultados demonstraram presença de aderências na maioria dos animais do grupo A e reduzida a nenhuma aderência nos demais grupos. Na avaliação estatística, foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. O uso de solução de NaCl a 0,9% adicionada ou não com dexametasona no espaço pleural evita ou reduz aderências pulmonares após a toracotomia intercostal.
RESUMO
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
RESUMO
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
Background: Canine distemper is a contagious multisystemic viral disease that affects canines and others carnivores. Canine parvovirus infection is one of the most important viral diseases in young dogs. Side effects of vaccine generally include fever, lethargy and local inflammation. Complementary exams are important to evaluate the strenght of immungenic stimulation. This study was aimed at evaluating hematological and electrophoretic alterations in puppies after inoculation of live attenuated vaccine against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus.Materials, Methods & Results: Five non-breeding newborn dogs of the same litter were used. Animals received three subcutaneous injection of 1mL (at days 0, 21 and 42). Blood was collected at day 0 (day of vaccination) and for three times for each dose: at days 7, 14 and 21 (first dose); at days 28, 35 and 42 (second dose); and at days 49, 56 and 63 (third dose). Blood containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was used for hematological evaluation. The total serum protein were determined by the biuret method, using commercial reagent, according to fabricant instructions. Serum was used for protein fractionation by using cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis. A decrease in platelet count was observed at days 7 and 28 post-vaccination. Lymphocyte number increased 88.4%, as well as the level of the protein
RESUMO
The nanocrystals are quantum dots and semiconductors in aqueous solution. They have been responsible for a large volume of research, either within the basic science and which can be applied in diverse fields such as luminescent probe, among them biotechnology. The field of these quantum dots methodologies is the first and fundamental step for future applications as biomarkers in biological systems in vitro and in vivo, due to advantages over organic fluorophores. This article aims to conduct a review of biological markers nanocrystals and their importance in biological research.
Os nanocristais coloidas ou quantum dots são pontos quânticos e semicondutores na forma coloidal. Eles têm sido responsáveis por um grande volume de pesquisas, seja no âmbito da ciência básica ou aplicações em campos diversos como sonda luminescente, dentre eles a biotecnologia. O domínio das metodologias desses pontos quânticos é o primeiro e fundamental passo para futuras aplicações como biomarcadores em sistemas biológicos, in vitro e in vivo, devido a vantagens em relação aos fluoróforos orgânicos. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma breve revisão sobre marcadores biológicos nanocristais e sua importância nas pesquisas biológicas.
RESUMO
The nanocrystals are quantum dots and semiconductors in aqueous solution. They have been responsible for a large volume of research, either within the basic science and which can be applied in diverse fields such as luminescent probe, among them biotechnology. The field of these quantum dots methodologies is the first and fundamental step for future applications as biomarkers in biological systems in vitro and in vivo, due to advantages over organic fluorophores. This article aims to conduct a review of biological markers nanocrystals and their importance in biological research.
Os nanocristais coloidas ou quantum dots são pontos quânticos e semicondutores na forma coloidal. Eles têm sido responsáveis por um grande volume de pesquisas, seja no âmbito da ciência básica ou aplicações em campos diversos como sonda luminescente, dentre eles a biotecnologia. O domínio das metodologias desses pontos quânticos é o primeiro e fundamental passo para futuras aplicações como biomarcadores em sistemas biológicos, in vitro e in vivo, devido a vantagens em relação aos fluoróforos orgânicos. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma breve revisão sobre marcadores biológicos nanocristais e sua importância nas pesquisas biológicas.
RESUMO
The nanocrystals are quantum dots and semiconductors in aqueous solution. They have been responsible for a large volume of research, either within the basic science and which can be applied in diverse fields such as luminescent probe, among them biotechnology. The field of these quantum dots methodologies is the first and fundamental step for future applications as biomarkers in biological systems in vitro and in vivo, due to advantages over organic fluorophores. This article aims to conduct a review of biological markers nanocrystals and their importance in biological research.
Os nanocristais coloidas ou quantum dots são pontos quânticos e semicondutores na forma coloidal. Eles têm sido responsáveis por um grande volume de pesquisas, seja no âmbito da ciência básica ou aplicações em campos diversos como sonda luminescente, dentre eles a biotecnologia. O domínio das metodologias desses pontos quânticos é o primeiro e fundamental passo para futuras aplicações como biomarcadores em sistemas biológicos, in vitro e in vivo, devido a vantagens em relação aos fluoróforos orgânicos. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma breve revisão sobre marcadores biológicos nanocristais e sua importância nas pesquisas biológicas.
RESUMO
Ketamine has demonstrated analgesic effects in subanesthetic doses, besides the maintenance of stability of physiological parameters. The study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and the post operative analgesia of ketamine via epidural route, intravenous continuous infusion or association of both, in dogs submitted to femoral osteosynthesis. Twenty-five healthy bitches were randomly assigned to four groups: CEP (2mg kg-1 of ketamine associated with lidocaine 2% via epidural route), CIV (lidocaine 2% via epidural route and 1mg kg-1 of ketamine IV, followed by IV continuous infusion of 100µg kg min-1 of ketamine), CIVEP (epidural anesthesia identical to CEP and ketamine infusion as in CIV) and CON (epidural anesthesia with lidocaine 2%). HR, RR, SAP, MAP, DAP and T°C, sensitive blockade time and post operative analgesia measured with visual analog scale were evaluated. There was an increase in HR in CIV and decrease of this parameter in CEP. Arterial pressures kept within physiological values and differences in RR and T°C were not observed. The anesthetic blockade time was augmented in the groups which received epidural ketamine, differing significantly in relation to the control. The time for rescue analgesia did not differ between the groups. It can be concluded the administration of ketamine via epidural route, intravenous continuous infusion or the association of both promoted cardiorespiratory stability during the operative period; however, it was not able to extend the duration of post operative analgesia in dogs submitted to femoral osteosynthesis.
A cetamina tem demonstrado efeito analgésico em doses subanestésicas, além da manutenção da estabilidade dos parâmetros fisiológicos. O estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia pós-operatória da cetamina administrada por via epidural, por infusão intravenosa contínua ou pela associação de ambas, em cães submetidos à osteossíntese de fêmur. Foram utilizadas 25 cadelas, hígidas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: CEP (2mg kg-1 de cetamina associada à lidocaína 2% via epidural), CIV (lidocaína 2% via epidural e 1mg kg-1 de cetamina IV seguido de infusão contínua IV com 100µg kg min-1 da mesma), CIVEP (2mg kg-1 de cetamina associada à lidocaína 2% via epidural e 1mg kg-1 de cetamina IV, seguido de infusão contínua IV com 100µg kg min-1) e CON (anestesia epidural com lidocaína 2%). Avaliaram-se FC, f, PAS, PAM, PAD, T°C, tempo de bloqueio motor e analgesia pós-operatória por meio de escala analógica visual. Houve elevação da FC no CIV e diminuição desse parâmetro no CEP. As pressões arteriais mantiveram-se dentro dos valores fisiológicos e não foram observadas diferenças na f e T°C. O tempo de duração do bloqueio anestésico foi potencializado nos grupos que receberam cetamina epidural, diferindo significativamente em relação ao controle. O tempo para a analgesia resgate não diferiu entre os grupos. Conclui-se que a administração de cetamina pela via epidural, por infusão contínua intravenosa ou pela associação de ambas promoveu estabilidade cardiorrespiratória no período transcirúrgico, porém não foi capaz de prolongar a duração da analgesia pós-operatória em cães submetidos à osteossíntese de fêmur.
RESUMO
Ketamine has demonstrated analgesic effects in subanesthetic doses, besides the maintenance of stability of physiological parameters. The study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and the post operative analgesia of ketamine via epidural route, intravenous continuous infusion or association of both, in dogs submitted to femoral osteosynthesis. Twenty-five healthy bitches were randomly assigned to four groups: CEP (2mg kg-1 of ketamine associated with lidocaine 2% via epidural route), CIV (lidocaine 2% via epidural route and 1mg kg-1 of ketamine IV, followed by IV continuous infusion of 100µg kg min-1 of ketamine), CIVEP (epidural anesthesia identical to CEP and ketamine infusion as in CIV) and CON (epidural anesthesia with lidocaine 2%). HR, RR, SAP, MAP, DAP and T°C, sensitive blockade time and post operative analgesia measured with visual analog scale were evaluated. There was an increase in HR in CIV and decrease of this parameter in CEP. Arterial pressures kept within physiological values and differences in RR and T°C were not observed. The anesthetic blockade time was augmented in the groups which received epidural ketamine, differing significantly in relation to the control. The time for rescue analgesia did not differ between the groups. It can be concluded the administration of ketamine via epidural route, intravenous continuous infusion or the association of both promoted cardiorespiratory stability during the operative period; however, it was not able to extend the duration of post operative analgesia in dogs submitted to femoral osteosynthesis.
A cetamina tem demonstrado efeito analgésico em doses subanestésicas, além da manutenção da estabilidade dos parâmetros fisiológicos. O estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia pós-operatória da cetamina administrada por via epidural, por infusão intravenosa contínua ou pela associação de ambas, em cães submetidos à osteossíntese de fêmur. Foram utilizadas 25 cadelas, hígidas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: CEP (2mg kg-1 de cetamina associada à lidocaína 2% via epidural), CIV (lidocaína 2% via epidural e 1mg kg-1 de cetamina IV seguido de infusão contínua IV com 100µg kg min-1 da mesma), CIVEP (2mg kg-1 de cetamina associada à lidocaína 2% via epidural e 1mg kg-1 de cetamina IV, seguido de infusão contínua IV com 100µg kg min-1) e CON (anestesia epidural com lidocaína 2%). Avaliaram-se FC, f, PAS, PAM, PAD, T°C, tempo de bloqueio motor e analgesia pós-operatória por meio de escala analógica visual. Houve elevação da FC no CIV e diminuição desse parâmetro no CEP. As pressões arteriais mantiveram-se dentro dos valores fisiológicos e não foram observadas diferenças na f e T°C. O tempo de duração do bloqueio anestésico foi potencializado nos grupos que receberam cetamina epidural, diferindo significativamente em relação ao controle. O tempo para a analgesia resgate não diferiu entre os grupos. Conclui-se que a administração de cetamina pela via epidural, por infusão contínua intravenosa ou pela associação de ambas promoveu estabilidade cardiorrespiratória no período transcirúrgico, porém não foi capaz de prolongar a duração da analgesia pós-operatória em cães submetidos à osteossíntese de fêmur.
RESUMO
Ketamine has demonstrated analgesic effects in subanesthetic doses, besides the maintenance of stability of physiological parameters. The study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and the post operative analgesia of ketamine via epidural route, intravenous continuous infusion or association of both, in dogs submitted to femoral osteosynthesis. Twenty-five healthy bitches were randomly assigned to four groups: CEP (2mg kg-1 of ketamine associated with lidocaine 2% via epidural route), CIV (lidocaine 2% via epidural route and 1mg kg-1 of ketamine IV, followed by IV continuous infusion of 100µg kg min-1 of ketamine), CIVEP (epidural anesthesia identical to CEP and ketamine infusion as in CIV) and CON (epidural anesthesia with lidocaine 2%). HR, RR, SAP, MAP, DAP and T°C, sensitive blockade time and post operative analgesia measured with visual analog scale were evaluated. There was an increase in HR in CIV and decrease of this parameter in CEP. Arterial pressures kept within physiological values and differences in RR and T°C were not observed. The anesthetic blockade time was augmented in the groups which received epidural ketamine, differing significantly in relation to the control. The time for rescue analgesia did not differ between the groups. It can be concluded the administration of ketamine via epidural route, intravenous continuous infusion or the association of both promoted cardiorespiratory stability during the operative period; however, it was not able to extend the duration of post operative analgesia in dogs submitted to femoral osteosynthesis.
A cetamina tem demonstrado efeito analgésico em doses subanestésicas, além da manutenção da estabilidade dos parâmetros fisiológicos. O estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a analgesia pós-operatória da cetamina administrada por via epidural, por infusão intravenosa contínua ou pela associação de ambas, em cães submetidos à osteossíntese de fêmur. Foram utilizadas 25 cadelas, hígidas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: CEP (2mg kg-1 de cetamina associada à lidocaína 2% via epidural), CIV (lidocaína 2% via epidural e 1mg kg-1 de cetamina IV seguido de infusão contínua IV com 100µg kg min-1 da mesma), CIVEP (2mg kg-1 de cetamina associada à lidocaína 2% via epidural e 1mg kg-1 de cetamina IV, seguido de infusão contínua IV com 100µg kg min-1) e CON (anestesia epidural com lidocaína 2%). Avaliaram-se FC, f, PAS, PAM, PAD, T°C, tempo de bloqueio motor e analgesia pós-operatória por meio de escala analógica visual. Houve elevação da FC no CIV e diminuição desse parâmetro no CEP. As pressões arteriais mantiveram-se dentro dos valores fisiológicos e não foram observadas diferenças na f e T°C. O tempo de duração do bloqueio anestésico foi potencializado nos grupos que receberam cetamina epidural, diferindo significativamente em relação ao controle. O tempo para a analgesia resgate não diferiu entre os grupos. Conclui-se que a administração de cetamina pela via epidural, por infusão contínua intravenosa ou pela associação de ambas promoveu estabilidade cardiorrespiratória no período transcirúrgico, porém não foi capaz de prolongar a duração da analgesia pós-operatória em cães submetidos à osteossíntese de fêmur.