RESUMO
A orquiectomia consiste na remoção dos testículos e, em animais, pode ser realizada por motivo eletivo ou terapêutico. A cirurgia eletiva faz parte da guarda responsável de cães e gatos e é um dos procedimentos mais realizados na medicina veterinária, incluindo mutirões de castração onde a redução de custos é importante. A auto-hemoterapia (AHT) vem sendo aplicada em animais, inclusive em acupontos, com o intuito de produzir efeitos imunoestimulantes. Neste contexto, este estudo utilizou AHT, durante o período pós-operatório imediato, em acupontos de cães submetidos à orquiectomia eletiva sem a aplicação de antibióticos. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com dados referentes a outro grupo de animais, os quais foram orquiectomizados e previamente tratados com antibiótico sistêmico. Todos os animais foram acompanhados clinicamente e foram feitos hemogramas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, assim como o registro de infecções e outras intercorrências relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico. Considerando os 20 cães usados no estudo, não houve ocorrência de infecção ou processo inflamatório nos animais após o procedimento cirúrgico. Além disso, alterações hematológicas significativas não foram observadas entre os grupos e entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório de ambos os grupos. Desta forma, conclui-se que a auto-hemoterapia associada à acupuntura pode representar uma alternativa para um protocolo cirúrgico sem antibióticos em cirurgia eletiva de orquiectomia em animais hígidos.
The orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles and, in animals, can be performed due to by elective or therapeutic reasons. Elective surgery is part of the responsible ownership of dogs and cats and is one of the most performed procedures in veterinary medicine, including castration efforts where cost reduction is important. Autohemotherapy (AHT) has been applied in animals, including acupoints, to produce immunostimulatory effects. In this context, this study used AHT, during the immediate postoperative period, in acupoints of dogs submitted to elective orchiectomy without the use of antibiotics. The results obtained were compared to data from another group of animals, which were orchiectomized and previously treated with a systemic antibiotic. All animals were clinically monitored and hemograms were performed during the pre and post-operatory period, as well as the registration of infections and other complications related to the surgical procedure. Regarding the 20 dogs used in the study, there was no occurrence of infection or inflammation in the animals after the surgical procedure. In addition, significant hematologic alterations were not observed between groups and between pre- and post-operatory periods in both groups. Therefore, it is concluded that autohemotherapy associated with acupuncture may represent an alternative for a surgical protocol without antibiotics in elective orchiectomy surgery in healthy animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Pontos de Acupuntura , Auto-Hemoterapia/veterinária , Analgesia por Acupuntura/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Leishmania sp. DNA and anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in free-ranging Sapajus nigritus from an urban forest located in a city in the North Central region of the state of Paraná. For the indirect diagnosis, the direct agglutination test was used with promastigote forms of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, where it was possible to detect the agglutination reaction in 53.33% of the S. nigritus blood samples. For direct diagnosis, the samples were submitted to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which confirmed the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in 26.66% of the tested samples. It reinforces the importance of considering the concept of One Health in the face of diseases with high prevalence, such as leishmaniasis and the need for health education measures. This result shows that the animals in the present study have a role as environmental bioindicators for leishmaniasis.
Assuntos
Cebidae , Leishmania , Leishmaniose , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cebus , Biomarcadores Ambientais , Leishmania/genética , Leishmaniose/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose/veterinária , SapajusRESUMO
The objective of this research was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from items related to hygiene and antisepsis, equipment, and instruments used in different hospital wards. Bacterial isolation and identification, phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility assays, mecA gene detection, and multiple antimicrobial resistance index analysis were performed. In total, 105 bacteria were isolated from 138 items. Of these, 49.52% bacteria were collected from instruments, 43.80% from equipment, and 6.66% from items related to hygiene and antisepsis. All gram-positive bacteria (88 isolates) were identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Five species of gram-negative bacilli (17 isolates) were isolated, and the prevalence of Enterobacter agglomerans (29.41%), Escherichia coli (11.76%), and Serratia liquefaciens (11.76%) was high. Antimicrobial resistance was reported for 93.33% of the isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to sulfazotrim (88.64%) and penicillin (82.95%), while gram-negative bacteria showed resistance to sulfazotrim (70.59%) and ampicillin (64.71%). Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index showed that 73.33% of the isolates were a high risk to public health. The mecA gene was detected in 23 (71.88%) isolates. The evaluation of microorganisms isolated in the hospital environment revealed their high multidrug resistance index. Thus our study presses the need to pay more attention to the cleanliness of frequently used instruments, which may be potential sources of infections.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/isolamento & purificação , Hospitais , Proteínas de Bactérias , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/genética , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and to detect strains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in free-living Sapajus nigritus. Oral and rectal swabs were collected from 15 primates to isolate and identify bacteria, conduct phenotypic tests to detect antimicrobial sensitivity and ESBL-producing strains, and calculate the multiple antimicrobial resistance index. The least effective antimicrobial was amoxicillin (72.72%) and ampicillin (57.57%), and the samples were considered as high risk for public health. No sample was positive for ESBL production. The results show that this study is relevant to One Health initiatives, considering the possibility of transmission of bacterial resistance and resistant genes originating from direct or indirect interaction of S. nigritus with parkgoers. However, these animals cannot be considered as the only reservoirs and transmitters of resistant bacteria as they can be contaminated by human-origin bacteria that can be extremely harmful and often prove lethal to them that play an important role in relationship to the ecology, spreading seeds and controlling insects.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cebinae/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , beta-Lactamases/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinária , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Sapajus , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
Background: Contact between humans and pets, mainly dogs and cats, has been increasing in recent years, which may result in the spread of infectious agents to new hosts and even to the environment, causing emergencies of national and international interest. The aim of this work was to understand the phenotypic profile of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family of vaginal and preputial mucous of stray dogs from a border region. Materials, Methods & Results: Swab samples from the vaginal and preputial mucosa of stray dogs from two border regions were collected for later bacterial isolation, biochemical identification of bacterial isolates, susceptibility tests to different antimicrobials, and determination of the bacterial resistance index. Samples were collected from 70 animals, was possible to isolate 88 samples, of which 36 (40.9%) presented isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, with Escherichia coli being the most prevalent species (44.8%), followed by Obesumbacterium proteus in eight (27.5%); Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae in two (6.8%); and Erwinia herbicola, Koserella trabulsii, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia rubidaea (3.4%) from one isolate. The most resistant antimicrobials Clindamycin (100%), Metronidazole (100%), Oxacillin (100%), and Penicillin (100%) were tested against the vaginal and preputial samples and when the multidrug resistance index of the isolates was analyzed, all were classified as presenting a public health risk. Discussion: The results of this work suggest that stray dogs may be considered potential reservoirs of resistant pathogenic microorganisms, enabling future health problems due to the close coexistence of tutors with their dogs. It is known that the microorganisms that inhabit a certain environment or a specific part of the body are collectively called microbiomes. More specifically, some of them are bacteria that inhabit the reproductive mucous...
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Cães , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Microbiota , Prepúcio do Pênis/microbiologia , Vagina/microbiologia , Antibacterianos , Saúde ÚnicaRESUMO
Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. In ruminants, most infections are asymptomatic, but the animals can present myalgia, lameness, laminitis, arthritis, synovitis, neurological symptoms, and also decreased production and abortion. The objective was to investigate Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cows and cattle ticks on a small dairy farm in a border region. Blood samples and ticks were collected from Holstein cows with a history of decreased milk production and abortions. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was extracted from blood samples using a commercial extraction kit, and from ticks using an alkaline hydrolysis solution for subsequent nested-PCR. Serum and tick samples did not present Borrelia burgdorferi DNA, and 100% of the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Although this study shows negative results it contributes to understanding the epidemiology of this etiological agent in Paraná and in Brazil, since there are few studies on bovine species. The negative results of this work demonstrate that the animals and ticks researched were not exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, however, as it isa property located in a border region, the sanitary monitoring of the herd must be performed constantly since this is a region. vulnerable to the entry of potential threats to human, animal and environmental health from vectors and pathogenic microorganisms, given the large extension of the land border with the neighboring country and which also has different health status.(AU)
A borreliose de Lyme é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Borrelia. Nos ruminantes, a infecção é assintomática, mas os animais podem apresentar mialgia, claudicação, laminite, artrite, sinovite, sintomas neurológicos e também diminuição da produção e do aborto. O objetivo foi investigar o DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi em vacas e carrapatos de uma pequena propriedade rural de gado leiteiro em uma região de fronteira. Amostras de sangue e carrapatos foram coletados de vacas da raça Holandesa com histórico de diminuição da produção de leite e abortos. O DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi foi extraído de amostras de sangue usando um kit de extração comercial e de carrapatos usando uma solução de hidrólise alcalina para subsequente nested-PCR. Amostras de soro e carrapato não apresentaram DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi, e 100% dos carrapatos foram identificados como Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Embora este estudo apresente resultados negativos o mesmo contribui para o entendimento da epidemiologia desse agente etiológico no Paraná e no Brasil, uma vez que existem poucos estudos sobre espécies bovinas. Os resultados negativos deste trabalho demonstram que os animais e carrapatos pesquisados não foram expostos a Borrelia burgdorferi, no entanto, por se tratar de uma propriedade localizada em uma região de fronteira, o monitoramento sanitário do rebanho deve ser realizado constantemente, pois é uma região vulnerável à entrada de ameaças potenciais à saúde humana, animal e ambiental por vetores e microrganismos patogênicos, dada a grande extensão da fronteira terrestre com o país vizinho e que também apresenta diferentes condições de saúde.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Borrelia burgdorferi/isolamento & purificação , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Doença de Lyme/veterinária , Carrapatos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , ZoonosesRESUMO
Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia. In ruminants, most infections are asymptomatic, but the animals can present myalgia, lameness, laminitis, arthritis, synovitis, neurological symptoms, and also decreased production and abortion. The objective was to investigate Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in cows and cattle ticks on a small dairy farm in a border region. Blood samples and ticks were collected from Holstein cows with a history of decreased milk production and abortions. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA was extracted from blood samples using a commercial extraction kit, and from ticks using an alkaline hydrolysis solution for subsequent nested-PCR. Serum and tick samples did not present Borrelia burgdorferi DNA, and 100% of the ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Although this study shows negative results it contributes to understanding the epidemiology of this etiological agent in Paraná and in Brazil, since there are few studies on bovine species. The negative results of this work demonstrate that the animals and ticks researched were not exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi, however, as it isa property located in a border region, the sanitary monitoring of the herd must be performed constantly since this is a region. vulnerable to the entry of potential threats to human, animal and environmental health from vectors and pathogenic microorganisms, given the large extension of the land border with the neighboring country and which also has different health status.
A borreliose de Lyme é uma doença infecciosa causada por bactérias do gênero Borrelia. Nos ruminantes, a infecção é assintomática, mas os animais podem apresentar mialgia, claudicação, laminite, artrite, sinovite, sintomas neurológicos e também diminuição da produção e do aborto. O objetivo foi investigar o DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi em vacas e carrapatos de uma pequena propriedade rural de gado leiteiro em uma região de fronteira. Amostras de sangue e carrapatos foram coletados de vacas da raça Holandesa com histórico de diminuição da produção de leite e abortos. O DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi foi extraído de amostras de sangue usando um kit de extração comercial e de carrapatos usando uma solução de hidrólise alcalina para subsequente nested-PCR. Amostras de soro e carrapato não apresentaram DNA de Borrelia burgdorferi, e 100% dos carrapatos foram identificados como Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Embora este estudo apresente resultados negativos o mesmo contribui para o entendimento da epidemiologia desse agente etiológico no Paraná e no Brasil, uma vez que existem poucos estudos sobre espécies bovinas. Os resultados negativos deste trabalho demonstram que os animais e carrapatos pesquisados não foram expostos a Borrelia burgdorferi, no entanto, por se tratar de uma propriedade localizada em uma região de fronteira, o monitoramento sanitário do rebanho deve ser realizado constantemente, pois é uma região vulnerável à entrada de ameaças potenciais à saúde humana, animal e ambiental por vetores e microrganismos patogênicos, dada a grande extensão da fronteira terrestre com o país vizinho e que também apresenta diferentes condições de saúde.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Borrelia burgdorferi/isolamento & purificação , Carrapatos , Doença de Lyme/diagnóstico , Doença de Lyme/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , ZoonosesRESUMO
Background: Toxicological events in animals may be accidental or intentional and could occur in the home environment.These events could involve different agents such as pesticides, rodenticides, medicines, foods, and plants. Indiscriminateuse of medication in pets by their owners is common. Self-medication of animals with drugs for human use can cause irreversible damage to their health. The emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill), comprising concentrated hormonalcompounds, is sold freely in Brazil. The objective of this article was to report a case of pyometra in a bitch possibly causedby simultaneous administration of human emergency contraceptive pill along with a veterinary contraceptive medication.Case: A 6-year-old bitch was referred to a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for abdominal enlargement. Accordingto the guardian, during estrus (30 days before the consultation) the female dog was covered. After intercourse, the owneradministered a human emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill - Levonorgestrel) and a veterinary contraceptive(Estradiol Cypionate). Physical examination revealed severe dehydration (10%) and high temperature, besides the abdominalenlargement. The hemogram revealed leukocytosis with a left shift, characteristic of infection. After clinical examination,closed pyometra was suspected, and later confirmed by ultrasonography. Due to the poor clinical condition, fluid therapywas performed, and a systemic antibiotic was administered. After stabilization, the patient underwent ovariohysterectomy.In the postoperative period, the fluid therapy was continued, and antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered.Two days after surgery, the patient was discharged for home recovery.Discussion: Most cases of drug poisoning in animals involve female dogs, similar to the patient in this report. There isno theory elucidating the same, but the rate of incidence in female dogs has been reported to be higher...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Piometra/etiologia , Piometra/veterinária , Combinação Etinil Estradiol e Norgestrel/efeitos adversos , Combinação Etinil Estradiol e Norgestrel/toxicidade , Automedicação/veterinária , Animais de EstimaçãoRESUMO
Background: In Brazil, cats in households has recently increased dramatically, likely due to their lower space and carerequirements. We need to know the health of these companion animal species, since they have behavioral patterns thatmake them an important link in the epidemiological chain. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producer strains (ESBL)are resistant to penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactam, but they are susceptible to clavulanate. The goal of this study isto detect Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and evaluate the bacterial resistanceprofile in isolated cats (Felis silvestris catus) that live in a city located at west of Parana state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Swabs were aseptically collected from the anal orifice and oral cavity of 49 female domestic cats that were healthy upon clinical and physical examination, a minimum age of one year, weighing up to 3 kg,and had attended a veterinary clinic specializing in cats, in order to, later, perform the isolation and bacterial identification, antimicrobial sensibility phenotypic test and the phenotypic test to detect ESBL producer strains. From the 98 swabscollected it was possible to perform the bacterial isolation in 68 samples; 40.81% isolated from anal orifice and 28.57%isolated from oral cavity. From rectal and oral cavities 77.50% and 71.42% of the isolated were identified as Escherichiacoli respectively, being 2.94% considered ESBL producer strains. In relation to bacterial resistance the antibiotics thatshown more resistance in anal orifice were ampicillin, amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and aztreonam.In oral cavity they were ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, aztreonam, ceftriaxone and nalidixicacid; and the bacterial resistance index shown that 39.70% were considered high level risk...
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Enterobacteriaceae , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , beta-Lactamases , Ácido ClavulânicoRESUMO
Background: Toxicological events in animals may be accidental or intentional and could occur in the home environment.These events could involve different agents such as pesticides, rodenticides, medicines, foods, and plants. Indiscriminateuse of medication in pets by their owners is common. Self-medication of animals with drugs for human use can cause irreversible damage to their health. The emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill), comprising concentrated hormonalcompounds, is sold freely in Brazil. The objective of this article was to report a case of pyometra in a bitch possibly causedby simultaneous administration of human emergency contraceptive pill along with a veterinary contraceptive medication.Case: A 6-year-old bitch was referred to a Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for abdominal enlargement. Accordingto the guardian, during estrus (30 days before the consultation) the female dog was covered. After intercourse, the owneradministered a human emergency contraceptive pill (morning-after pill - Levonorgestrel) and a veterinary contraceptive(Estradiol Cypionate). Physical examination revealed severe dehydration (10%) and high temperature, besides the abdominalenlargement. The hemogram revealed leukocytosis with a left shift, characteristic of infection. After clinical examination,closed pyometra was suspected, and later confirmed by ultrasonography. Due to the poor clinical condition, fluid therapywas performed, and a systemic antibiotic was administered. After stabilization, the patient underwent ovariohysterectomy.In the postoperative period, the fluid therapy was continued, and antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered.Two days after surgery, the patient was discharged for home recovery.Discussion: Most cases of drug poisoning in animals involve female dogs, similar to the patient in this report. There isno theory elucidating the same, but the rate of incidence in female dogs has been reported to be higher...