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Equine placentitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of the placenta. Different biomarkers associated with this inflammatory response have been evaluated in experimentally induced equine placentitis, but not in pregnant mares with spontaneous placentitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the concentration of eIL-1ß and the activity of proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 in the serum of healthy mares and mares with placentitis on days 240 and 320 of gestation to explore whether these biomarkers are associated with equine maternal placentitis and/or with the birth of an infected or inviable foals. Serum samples were collected from sixteen pregnant English Thoroughbred mares, retrospectively classified as follows: (1) healthy mares with full-term gestation; and (2) mares with ultrasonographic signs of placentitis. The health of each foal was examined at birth, and it was decided to classify the cases into four groups: (1) healthy mares delivering a healthy foals (HM-HF, n = 6); (2) mares with USP delivering a healthy foal (USP-HF, n = 3); (3) mares with USP delivering a live septic foal (USP-LSeF, n = 4); and (4) mares with USP delivering a dead foal (USP-DF, n = 3). eIL-1ß was quantified by ELISA, and proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography electrophoresis. In healthy mares, the serum concentrations of eIL-1ß underwent a significant 16.5-fold increase from day 240 to day 320 of gestation. Although similar results were found in the mares with ultrasonographic signs of placentitis that delivered a healthy foal, those delivering a live septic or nonviable foal exhibited much higher concentrations of eIL-1ß. proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activity was not associated with maternal placentitis, foal infection, or death. Hence, the presence of placentitis severe enough to affect the health of the foal can be confirmed or discarded by determining the eIL-1ß concentration in mares that have shown ultrasonographic signs of placentitis.
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BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare entity with severe inflammatory demyelinating events of the central nervous system with debilitating sequelae. Its global prevalence ranges between 0.5 and 4/100,000 individuals, with variations by region and ethnicity. Latin America lacks epidemiological data on the disease, and Colombian prevalence is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Prevalence of NMOSD in Colombia was estimated between 2017 and 2021 using the official Ministry of Health administrative database (SISPRO). METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional retrospective study, using data between January 2017 and December 2021 in the SISPRO database using the International Classification of Disease code for NMOSD G36.0. Prevalence by gender, age and geographic distribution was estimated using official government statistics for 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) standard population was used to adjust using the direct method. RESULTS: 2,650 patients were diagnosed with NMOSD; the average age was 44.9 years with an overall unadjusted prevalence of 5.3/100,000 individuals, higher for females (7.8) than for males (2.8). No significant changes (from 5.3 to 5.4) were seen after adjusting to the WHO standard. CONCLUSION: According to this study Colombia has one of the highest prevalence rates of NMOSD in Latin America, further studies are needed to elucidate the contributing factors.
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BACKGROUND: Optic neuritis (ON) causes several sequela. Aggressive treatment with plasma exchange (TPE) is an option. This study describes improvement and safety outcomes with TPE. METHODS: We recruited adults with ON in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) patients treated with TPE. The primary outcome was an improvement in the visual acuity scale (VOS). We described the data and used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with response. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients received 558 TPE sessions. Mean age was 40.9 years (±13.7 years); 73.5% were women, 50.1% were first attack, and 10.7% were bilateral. Median VOS: 5 (range [R], 2-7). Median time between onset and TPE was 8 days (R, 1-32). By Keegan's criteria, 82.4% experience improvement and 78.3% improve in at least 1 point in VOS. Age and pre-TPE VOS were related to improvement. Low fibrinogen occurs in 26% sessions. CONCLUSION: TPE is effective and safety for ON in NMOSD patients. There is a need for a clinical trial using a therapeutic equivalent.
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Neuromielite Óptica , Neurite Óptica , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Aquaporina 4 , Modelos Logísticos , Neuromielite Óptica/terapia , Neurite Óptica/terapia , Troca Plasmática , Plasmaferese , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with neurological disability. Clinical features include motor, cerebellar, visual, and sensory function alterations, as well as psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, and irritability. There is little literature available on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis and their caregivers in Colombia given that there is no information on the subject in this particular population to establish comprehensive management plans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the MusiQol and CareQol questionnaires and the Beck Depression Inventory. A prospective analytical observational protocol was designed to include patients aged 18 to 65 years with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis between October, 2014, and October, 2015, at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. We evaluated quantitative variables and Spearman correlations. The data analysis was carried out with Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis participated in the study. Chronic fatigue was the most common comorbidity in 27%. The MusiQol questionnaire revealed a good basal quality of life, which remained at similar levels in the follow-ups at six and 12 months. Quality of life was good during the study since there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and follow-up MusiQol scores. Good quality of life was also observed in caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life of several Colombian patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis was very good. This positive result was also observed in caregivers as evidenced by the results of the CareQol questionnaire. We also observed and indicated an inversely proportional correlation between the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the quality of life indexes.
Introducción. La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica asociada con discapacidad neurológica que afecta la función motora, cerebelosa, visual y sensorial, y se presenta con comorbilidades psiquiátricas como depresión, ansiedad e irritabilidad. Hay escasa literatura disponible sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple y sus cuidadores en Colombia dado que no hay información sobre el tema en esta población en particular para establecer planes de manejo integral. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios MusiQol, CareQol y el inventario de depresión de Beck. Se diseñó un protocolo observacional analítico prospectivo para pacientes de 18 a 65 años con diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple remitente recurrente entre octubre de 2014 y octubre de 2015 en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Se evaluaron variables cuantitativas y las correlaciones de Spearman. El análisis de datos se hizo mediante la prueba t de Student y la U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados. Participaron 55 pacientes diagnosticados con esclerosis múltiple remitente recurrente. En el 27 % de ellos la fatiga crónica fue la comorbilidad más frecuente. El cuestionario MusiQol reveló una buena calidad de vida de base, que se mantuvo en niveles similares en los seguimientos a los seis y los 12 meses. La calidad de vida fue buena durante el estudio y sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones de base del cuestionario MusiQol y las de seguimiento. Se observó una buena calidad de vida en los cuidadores. Conclusiones. La calidad de vida de los pacientes colombianos participantes en el estudio con diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple fue muy buena, así como la de los cuidadores según los resultados del cuestionario CareQol. Se observó una correlación inversamente proporcional entre la Expanded Disability Status Scale y los índices de calidad de vida.
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Cuidadores/psicologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Sobrecarga do Cuidador/epidemiologia , Sobrecarga do Cuidador/psicologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Depressão/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Síndrome de Fadiga Crônica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casamento , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease associated with neurological disability. Clinical features include motor, cerebellar, visual, and sensory function alterations, as well as psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, and irritability. There is little literature available on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Objective: To assess the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis and their caregivers in Colombia given that there is no information on the subject in this particular population to establish comprehensive management plans. Materials and methods: We used the MusiQol and CareQol questionnaires and the Beck Depression Inventory. A prospective analytical observational protocol was designed to include patients aged 18 to 65 years with a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis between October, 2014, and October, 2015, at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. We evaluated quantitative variables and Spearman correlations. The data analysis was carried out with Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: A total of 55 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis participated in the study. Chronic fatigue was the most common comorbidity in 27%. The MusiQol questionnaire revealed a good basal quality of life, which remained at similar levels in the follow-ups at six and 12 months. Quality of life was good during the study since there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and follow-up MusiQol scores. Good quality of life was also observed in caregivers. Conclusions: The quality of life of several Colombian patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis was very good. This positive result was also observed in caregivers as evidenced by the results of the CareQol questionnaire. We also observed and indicated an inversely proportional correlation between the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the quality of life indexes.
Introducción. La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica asociada con discapacidad neurológica que afecta la función motora, cerebelosa, visual y sensorial, y se presenta con comorbilidades psiquiátricas como depresión, ansiedad e irritabilidad. Hay escasa literatura disponible sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple y sus cuidadores en Colombia dado que no hay información sobre el tema en esta población en particular para establecer planes de manejo integral. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios MusiQol, CareQol y el inventario de depresión de Beck. Se diseñó un protocolo observacional analítico prospectivo para pacientes de 18 a 65 años con diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple remitente recurrente entre octubre de 2014 y octubre de 2015 en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Se evaluaron variables cuantitativas y las correlaciones de Spearman. El análisis de datos se hizo mediante la prueba t de Student y la U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados. Participaron 55 pacientes diagnosticados con esclerosis múltiple remitente recurrente. En el 27 % de ellos la fatiga crónica fue la comorbilidad más frecuente. El cuestionario MusiQol reveló una buena calidad de vida de base, que se mantuvo en niveles similares en los seguimientos a los seis y los 12 meses. La calidad de vida fue buena durante el estudio y sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las puntuaciones de base del cuestionario MusiQol y las de seguimiento. Se observó una buena calidad de vida en los cuidadores. Conclusiones. La calidad de vida de los pacientes colombianos participantes en el estudio con diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple fue muy buena, así como la de los cuidadores según los resultados del cuestionario CareQol. Se observó una correlación inversamente proporcional entre la Expanded Disability Status Scale y los índices de calidad de vida.
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Qualidade de Vida , Esclerose Múltipla , Pacientes , Cuidadores , ColômbiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of treatments based on GnRH, GnRH-PGF2α, and/or intense exposure to novel rams to induce fertile estrus without the use of steroid hormones in seasonally anestrous Suffolk ewes. METHODS: In the first experiment, ewes were treated with one injection of GnRH, two injections of GnRH administered 7 days apart, or a sequence of GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH. In the second experiment anestrous ewes were exposed, for 36 days starting on the day of weaning, to groups of four rams of three different breeds that were alternated every day. Besides exposure to the males, the ewes were injected with saline solution (ME group, n=20), with GnRH (ME-GnRH group, n=20) or with a sequence of GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH (ME-GPG group, n=20). The rams used for male-effect were fitted with aprons to prevent mating, and ewes detected in estrus were bred to selected fertile rams. Ovarian activity was monitored by progesterone determinations in both experiments. RESULTS: In the first experiment sustained induction of ovarian activity was not achieved and no ewe was detected in estrus. In the second experiment induction of sustained ovarian activity was achieved in all groups. Most of the ewes were detected in estrus, 76.7 % of the ewes were mated during a 36-d breeding period and 71.7 % of all the ewes became pregnant during that period. No significant differences between groups were found for any of these variables. However, estrus detection efficiency was higher in the ME-GnRH group than in the ME group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: An intense male-effect, that included the continuous presence and frequent alternation of several rams of different breeds, was sufficient to induce ovarian activity and fertile estrus in Suffolk ewes during the period of deep anestrus without the use of hormones, although addition of GnRH improved the efficiency of estrus detection.
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RESUMEN El entendimiento de las caracteristicas clínicas del espectro de trastornos de Neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD) con mielitis parcial y neuritis óptica típica ha ampliado el diagnóstico en casos atípicos. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 47 años que debuta con neuritis óptica atípica y mielitis parcial. Resonancia magnética cerebral y órbitas con realce de nervio óptico, quiasma óptico y tracto óptico derecho, de columna cervical y torácica contrastada con mielitis parcial a nivel C4 y T2. Fue tratada con bolos de metilprednisolona y plasmaferesis, con buena respuesta clínica. Se realizó anticuerpos aquaporina 4 sérico positivos.
SUMMARY The understanding of the clinical characteristics of the spectrum of optic neuromyelitis disorders (NMOSD) with partial myelitis and typical optic neuritis has extended the diagnosis in atypical cases. We present the case of a 47-year-old woman who debuts with atypical optic neuritis and partial myelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging and orbits with optic nerve enhancement, optical chiasm and right optic tract, cervical and thoracic spine contrasted with partial myelitis at level C4 and T2. I t was treated with boluses of Methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis, with good clinical response. Aquaporina 4 Serum positive antibodies were performed.
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Neuromielite Óptica , Aquaporina 4 , Mielite , Mielite TransversaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative demyelinating disease. Current treatment of multiple sclerosis focuses on the use of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressant, and selective immunosuppressant agents. Some of these medications may result in high risk of opportunistic infections including tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to obtain consensus from a panel of neurologists, pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, and epidemiology experts regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of latent tuberculosis in patients with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: A panel of experts in multiple sclerosis and tuberculosis was established. The methodological process was performed in three phases: definition of questions, answer using Delphi methodology, and the discussion of questions not agreed. RESULTS: Tuberculosis screening is suggested when multiple sclerosis drugs are prescribed. The recommended tests for latent tuberculosis are tuberculin and interferon gamma release test. When an anti-tuberculosis treatment is indicated, monitoring should be performed to determine liver enzyme values with consideration of age as well as comorbid conditions such as a history of alcoholism, age, obesity, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs, and history of liver disease. CONCLUSION: Latent tuberculosis should be considered in patients with multiple sclerosis who are going to be treated with immunomodulatory and immunosuppressant medications. Transaminase level monitoring is required on a periodic basis depending on clinical and laboratory characteristics. In addition to the liver impairment, other side effects should be considered when Isoniazid is prescribed.
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Introducción: La vasculitis ANCA-positiva es una patología que se caracteriza por daño en vasos de pequeño calibre secundario a auto-anticuerpos. El compromiso del sistema nervioso central es poco común, con complicaciones serias y de difícil diagnóstico. Por eso presenta-mos 3 casos de pacientes con paquimeningitis hipertrófica como manifestación neurológica de vasculitis ANCA-positiva, estudiados en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá. Casos:Se tratan de dos hombres y una mujer. El hombre del primer caso presentó clínica progresiva de 1 año de evolución de dolor ocular, alteración de la agudeza visual, limitación para los movimientos oculares y disartria (Imagen 1).
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Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Meningite , VasculiteRESUMO
Seventy six ewes were treated with 7.5, 12.5, 25 or 50µg of cloprostenol on day 6 or 9 post-estrus to compare the luteolytic efficiency of the PGF2α analogue at each stage and to evaluate if progesterone concentrations at the time of treatment affect such efficiency. Blood samples were obtained before cloprostenol administration and 12, 24, 48, and 72h thereafter. There was an effect of dose (p<0.05) but not of day post-estrus on the proportion of animals completing luteolysis. As the dose increased, the proportion of ewes completing luteolysis also increased. Also, as the dose increased from 7.5 to 25µg, more ewes showed a transient progesterone decline instead of an absence of response, indicating that in some ewes reduced doses initiated luteolysis but were not able to finish the process. Since the dose of 25µg resulted in close to 50% luteolytic efficacy, this group was used to study the effects of progesterone concentrations at the time of treatment on the response to cloprostenol. Pre-treatment progesterone concentrations were higher (p<0.01) in ewes experiencing luteolytic failure than in those that completed luteolysis. There was a negative correlation between initial progesterone concentrations and their reduction by 12h post-treatment. It is concluded that high progesterone concentrations are associated with a reduction in sensitivity to small doses of cloprostenol. Possible mechanisms and implications of this luteoprotective effect are discussed.