RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of reports of symptoms of COVID-19 among individuals with and without antibodies and identify those with greater capability to predict the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: The study uses data collected in phases 5 to 8 of Epicovid-19-RS. The presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated by a rapid test. The occurrence of cough, fever, palpitations, sore throat, difficulty breathing, changes in taste and smell, vomiting, diarrhea, body pain, shaking, and headache since March 2020 was also evaluated. Then, the capability to predict the evaluated symptoms concerning the presence of antibodies was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 18,000 individuals were interviewed and 181 had antibodies against COVID-19 in phases 5 to 8. The proportion of asymptomatic individuals was 19.9% among participants with antibodies and 49.7% among those without antibodies. All symptoms were reported more frequently by individuals with antibodies. The division of the prevalence of symptoms among individuals with antibodies by the prevalence among individuals without antibodies showed the following prevalence ratios: for changes in smell or taste (9.1), fever (4.2), tremors (3.9), breathing difficulty (3.2) and cough (2.8 times). Anosmia and fever were the symptoms with a greater capability to predict the presence of antibodies. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of symptoms was higher among individuals with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of asymptomatic individuals was low. Altered smell or taste and fever were the symptoms that most predict the presence of antibodies. These results can help to identify probable cases, contributing to the clinical diagnosis and screening of patients for testing and isolation guidance in positive cases, especially in scenarios of the scarcity of diagnostic COVID-19 tests.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiologia , Diarreia , Humanos , Prevalência , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) treatment using the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method from the perspective of a philanthropic hospital in the Brazilian public health system (PHS) and to identify determinants of costs. METHODS: We used data from patients who received docetaxel chemotherapy in the Brazilian PHS from September 2012 to May 2017. Direct medical costs were estimated with the TDABC microcosting method, taking into account the multiple departments and services the patients interacted with during their oncological treatment. RESULTS: The median overall survival of the forty-three patient sample was 1.8 years (95% CI 1.45-2.30), and the total cost of the sample was BRL 917.005 (USD 250,878). The median monthly cost per patient was BRL 20.201 (USD 5,526). The end-of-life cost per patient using the TDABC method was BRL 5.151 (USD 1,409). Patients who had received previous treatment at the center registered the lowest cost for hospitalizations and exams, suggesting an opportunity to better manage healthcare resources. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on the economic burden of mPC in the Brazilian PHS using the TDABC costing evaluation method. Accurate cost information obtained with the TDABC can be helpful in guiding disease management to guarantee better use of ever-scarcer resources.
Assuntos
Hospitais , Neoplasias da Próstata , Brasil , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of reports of symptoms of COVID-19 among individuals with and without antibodies and identify those with greater capability to predict the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS The study uses data collected in phases 5 to 8 of Epicovid-19-RS. The presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated by a rapid test. The occurrence of cough, fever, palpitations, sore throat, difficulty breathing, changes in taste and smell, vomiting, diarrhea, body pain, shaking, and headache since March 2020 was also evaluated. Then, the capability to predict the evaluated symptoms concerning the presence of antibodies was calculated. RESULTS A total of 18,000 individuals were interviewed and 181 had antibodies against COVID-19 in phases 5 to 8. The proportion of asymptomatic individuals was 19.9% among participants with antibodies and 49.7% among those without antibodies. All symptoms were reported more frequently by individuals with antibodies. The division of the prevalence of symptoms among individuals with antibodies by the prevalence among individuals without antibodies showed the following prevalence ratios: for changes in smell or taste (9.1), fever (4.2), tremors (3.9), breathing difficulty (3.2) and cough (2.8 times). Anosmia and fever were the symptoms with a greater capability to predict the presence of antibodies. CONCLUSION The prevalence of symptoms was higher among individuals with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of asymptomatic individuals was low. Altered smell or taste and fever were the symptoms that most predict the presence of antibodies. These results can help to identify probable cases, contributing to the clinical diagnosis and screening of patients for testing and isolation guidance in positive cases, especially in scenarios of the scarcity of diagnostic COVID-19 tests.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar prevalência de relato de sintomas característicos de covid-19 entre indivíduos com e sem anticorpos e identificar aqueles com maior capacidade de predição da presença de anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODOS O presente estudo usa dados coletados nas fases de 5 a 8 do Epicovid-19-RS. A presença de anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2 foi avaliada por um teste rápido. Avaliou-se também a ocorrência dos sintomas tosse, febre, palpitações, dor de garganta, dificuldade para respirar, alterações no paladar e olfato, vômito, diarreia, dor no corpo, tremedeira e dor de cabeça, desde março de 2020. Então, calculou-se a capacidade de predição dos sintomas avaliados em relação a presença de anticorpos. RESULTADOS Nas fases de 5 a 8, 18 mil indivíduos foram entrevistados e 181 apresentaram anticorpos contra covid-19. A proporção de indivíduos assintomáticos foi de 19,9% entre participantes com anticorpos e 49,7% entre aqueles sem anticorpos. Todos os sintomas foram relatados com maior frequência por indivíduos com presença de anticorpos. A divisão da prevalência de sintomas entre indivíduos com anticorpos pela prevalência entre indivíduos sem anticorpos evidenciou as seguintes razões de prevalência: para alterações de olfato ou paladar (9,1), febre (4,2), tremedeira (3,9), dificuldade respiratória (3,2) e tosse (2,8 vezes). Anosmia e febre foram os sintomas com maior capacidade de predizer a presença de anticorpos. CONCLUSÃO A prevalência de sintomas foi maior entre indivíduos com anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2. A proporção de indivíduos assintomáticos foi baixa. Alteração de olfato ou paladar e febre foram os sintomas que mais predizem a presença de anticorpos. Esses resultados podem auxiliar a identificação de casos prováveis, contribuindo para o diagnóstico clínico e triagem de pacientes para testagem e orientação de isolamento em casos positivos, especialmente em cenários de escassez de testes diagnósticos de covid-19.
Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Diarreia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Resumo: Introdução: O programa de mentoria da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) teve início em 2016, sendo ofertado de maneira eletiva. Seus objetivos são: orientação para o futuro profissional, apoio institucional formal, suporte emocional e compartilhamento de experiências durante a formação médica. Relato de experiência: Os encontros foram conduzidos de modo não diretivo com temáticas predefinidas - escolhidas pelo mentor e pelos alunos. Os assuntos abordam tanto o desenvolvimento profissional do estudante quanto o pessoal, assim como a saúde mental dele. Vivência profissional, currículos formais e informais, sobrecarga e rendimento acadêmico foram alguns dos tópicos principais. Por meio dos relatos, foi possível perceber que os grupos reduzidos permitiram àqueles alunos que não se sentiam confortáveis para desenvolver algum assunto no currículo formal pudessem abrir-se e discutir temas relacionados ao curso. Discussão: Notou-se uma mudança na postura de alguns alunos diante do curso e de momentos de lazer, valorizando tempo com a família, exercício físico e hobbies. Os encontros permitiram elucidar dúvidas sobre residência e carreira médica, assim como ajudaram os alunos a se reconectar com o curso. Conclusão: O programa de mentoria da UFCSPA mostrou-se efetivo ao oportunizar reflexão sobre as vivências pessoais e o projeto profissional, e estimular a autonomia do pensamento crítico.
Abstract: Introduction: The Mentoring program of the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) began in 2016, offered as an elective course. Its objectives are to provide orientation for the future professional, formal institutional support, emotional support and sharing of experiences during medical training. Experience report: The meetings were conducted in a non-directive manner with predefined themes - chosen by the mentor and students. The subjects address both the professional and personal development of the student, as well as the individual's mental health. Professional experience, formal and informal curriculum, overload and academic performance were some of the main topics. The reports demonstrated that the small groups allowed students who did not feel comfortable talking about a subject in the formal curriculum to open up and discuss these subjects related to the course. Discussion: A change was observed in the attitude of some students towards the course and free time, valuing time with the family, physical exercise and hobbies. The meetings allowed doubts to be clarified about residency and medical careers, as well as helping students to reconnect with the course. Conclusion: The UFCSPA Mentoring Program proved to be effective in providing opportunities for reflection on personal experiences, professional projects and encouraging autonomous critical thinking.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Médica/métodos , Tutoria , Faculdades de Medicina , Saúde Mental , Educação a Distância/métodos , Currículo , COVID-19RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate different weight loss (WL) cut-off points as prognostic markers of 3-month survival after diagnosis of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This was a prospective study involving 104 patients with metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC who were admitted to a cancer treatment center in southern Brazil between January of 2014 and November of 2016. We evaluated total WL and WL per month, as well as WL and WL per month in the 6 months preceding the diagnosis. The patients were followed for 3 months after diagnosis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves were used in order to evaluate 3-month survival. Results: The median WL in the 6 months preceding the diagnosis was 6% (interquartile range, 0.0-12.9%). Patients with WL ≥ 5% had a median survival of 78 days, compared with 85 days for those with WL < 5% (p = 0.047). Survival at 3 months was 72% for the patients with WL ≥ 5% (p = 0.047), 61% for those with WL ≥ 10% (p < 0.001), and 45% for those with WL ≥ 15% (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for risk of death was 4.51 (95% CI: 1.32-15.39) for the patients with WL ≥ 5%, 6.34 (95% CI: 2.31-17.40) for those with WL ≥ 10%, and 14.17 (95% CI: 5.06-39.65) for those with WL ≥ 15%. Conclusions: WL in the 6 months preceding the diagnosis of NSCLC is a relevant prognostic factor and appears to be directly proportional to the rate of survival at 3 months.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar diferentes pontos de corte da perda de peso (PP) como marcadores prognósticos de sobrevida em 3 meses após o diagnóstico de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas estádio IV (CPCNP). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo envolvendo 104 pacientes com CPCNP metastático (estádio IV) que foram internados em um centro de tratamento de câncer no sul do Brasil entre janeiro de 2014 e novembro de 2016. Avaliamos a PP total e PP por mês, bem como PP e PP por mês nos 6 meses anteriores ao diagnóstico. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 3 meses após o diagnóstico. Um modelo de regressão de riscos proporcionais de Cox e curvas de Kaplan-Meier foram utilizados para avaliar a sobrevida em 3 meses. Resultados: A mediana da PP nos 6 meses anteriores ao diagnóstico foi de 6% (intervalo interquartil, 0,0-12,9%). Pacientes com PP ≥ 5% tiveram uma sobrevida mediana de 78 dias, comparados a 85 dias para aqueles com PP < 5% (p = 0,047). A sobrevida em 3 meses foi de 72% para os pacientes com PP ≥ 5% (p = 0,047), 61% para aqueles com PP ≥ 10% (p < 0,001) e 45% para aqueles com PP ≥ 15% (p < 0,001). Na análise multivariada, a taxa de risco para óbito foi de 4,51 (IC95%: 1,32-15,39) para os pacientes com PP ≥ 5%, 6,34 (IC95%: 2,31-17,40) para aqueles com PP ≥ 10%, e 14,17 (IC95%: 5,06-39,65) para aqueles com PP ≥ 15%. Conclusões: A PP nos 6 meses anteriores ao diagnóstico de CPCNP é um fator prognóstico relevante e parece ser diretamente proporcional à taxa de sobrevida em 3 meses.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Redução de Peso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify scientific literature on oncology nurses who provide patient navigation services as nurse navigators. METHODS: Integrative review of literature searches in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science and Science Direct based on the descriptors patient; navigation; nurse; professional; cancer; oncology; navigator; and navigators. RESULTS: Seventeen articles were identified and grouped according to the following thematic approach: Care Processes; Patients; and Health Workers. It was observed that scientific literature on nurse navigators mostly comes from the United States, Australia, Canada, Sweden, and Demark, where the first nurse navigator programmes were introduced. No studies were found in local journals or populations. CONCLUSIONS: The nurse navigator offer a unique service for the provision of quality care. Although international research is recent, further studies on the role of these professionals are clearly needed.
Assuntos
Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Enfermagem Oncológica , Navegação de Pacientes , Austrália , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Neoplasias/enfermagem , Neoplasias/reabilitação , Neoplasias/terapia , América do Norte , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Processo de Enfermagem , Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia/organização & administração , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Países Escandinavos e NórdicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate different weight loss (WL) cut-off points as prognostic markers of 3-month survival after diagnosis of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: This was a prospective study involving 104 patients with metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC who were admitted to a cancer treatment center in southern Brazil between January of 2014 and November of 2016. We evaluated total WL and WL per month, as well as WL and WL per month in the 6 months preceding the diagnosis. The patients were followed for 3 months after diagnosis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves were used in order to evaluate 3-month survival. RESULTS: The median WL in the 6 months preceding the diagnosis was 6% (interquartile range, 0.0-12.9%). Patients with WL ≥ 5% had a median survival of 78 days, compared with 85 days for those with WL < 5% (p = 0.047). Survival at 3 months was 72% for the patients with WL ≥ 5% (p = 0.047), 61% for those with WL ≥ 10% (p < 0.001), and 45% for those with WL ≥ 15% (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for risk of death was 4.51 (95% CI: 1.32-15.39) for the patients with WL ≥ 5%, 6.34 (95% CI: 2.31-17.40) for those with WL ≥ 10%, and 14.17 (95% CI: 5.06-39.65) for those with WL ≥ 15%. CONCLUSIONS: WL in the 6 months preceding the diagnosis of NSCLC is a relevant prognostic factor and appears to be directly proportional to the rate of survival at 3 months.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Redução de Peso , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer a produção científica sobre o enfermeiro atuando na oncologia com a função de navegador de pacientes, Nurse Navigator. MÉTODOS Revisão integrativa com buscas nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science e Science Direct, utilizando os descritores: patient; navigation; nurse; professional; cancer; oncology; navigator e navigators. RESULTADOS Identificaram-se 17 artigos. Estes foram agrupados conforme a abordagem temática: Processos Assistenciais; Pacientes; e Profissionais de Saúde. Evidenciou-se que o conhecimento científico produzido sobre Nurse Navigator concentra-se nos Estados Unidos, Austrália, Canadá, Suécia e Dinamarca, países onde os primeiros Programas de Navegação de Pacientes foram implantados. Não houveram estudos publicados em periódicos ou populações locais. CONCLUSÕES A atuação do Nurse navigator, proporciona um diferencial para a qualidade assistencial dos serviços. Apesar de serem recentes as pesquisas internacionais abordando o tema, ficou claro que ainda se faz necessária a realização de mais estudos acerca do papel deste profissional.
Resumen OBJETIVO Conocer la producción científica sobre enfermero actuando en oncología con la función de navegador de pacientes, Nurse Navigator. MÉTODOS Revisión integradora con búsqueda en bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science y Science Direct, utilizando descriptores: patient; navigation; nurse; professional; cancer; oncology; navigator y navigators. RESULTADOS Se identificaron 17 artículos. Se agruparon conforme abordaje temático: Procesos Asistenciales; Pacientes; y Profesionales de Salud. Se evidenció que el conocimiento científico producido sobre Nurse Navigator se concentra en Australia, Estados Unidos, Canadá, Suecia y Dinamarca, países donde se implantaron los primeros Programas de Navegación de Pacientes. No hay estudios publicados en periódicos o poblaciones locales. CONCLUSIONES La actuación del Nurse navigator, proporciona un diferencial para la calidad asistencial de los servicios. A pesar de recientes las investigaciones internacionales abordando el tema, se hace necesaria la realización de más estudios acerca del papel de este profesional.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify scientific literature on oncology nurses who provide patient navigation services as nurse navigators. METHODS Integrative review of literature searches in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science and Science Direct based on the descriptors patient; navigation; nurse; professional; cancer; oncology; navigator; and navigators. RESULTS Seventeen articles were identified and grouped according to the following thematic approach: Care Processes; Patients; and Health Workers. It was observed that scientific literature on nurse navigators mostly comes from the United States, Australia, Canada, Sweden, and Demark, where the first nurse navigator programmes were introduced. No studies were found in local journals or populations. CONCLUSIONS The nurse navigator offer a unique service for the provision of quality care. Although international research is recent, further studies on the role of these professionals are clearly needed.
Assuntos
Humanos , Enfermagem Oncológica , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Navegação de Pacientes , Países Escandinavos e Nórdicos , Austrália , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia/organização & administração , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Neoplasias/enfermagem , Neoplasias/reabilitação , Neoplasias/terapia , América do Norte , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Processo de EnfermagemRESUMO
This population-based study was designed to detect the prevalence of anemia in a healthy population of children (18 months to 7 years) and women (14 to 30 years) tested in 2006-2007 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil as part of an effort to tackle this massive problem that still affects so many people in the XXI century. Anemia was defined according to the WHO. Capillary blood was measured and socioeconomic status was determined according to the Brazilian Association of Market Research Agencies. The median prevalence of anemia in 2198 children was 45.4% and in 1999 women 36.4%. Anemia decreased with age during childhood; although significantly more prevalent in lower classes individuals, it was also high in the upper classes. There are indirect evidences that the lack of iron supplementation and/or iron fortified food may play a role in it. Professionals and society wise measures of education have to be implemented in order to address possible biologic factors involved in childhood psychosocial development in southern Brazil.
Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Gravidez , Prevalência , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of melanoma cutaneous and the mortalities rates are rising in most countries worldwide. OBJECTIVE: to describe the histopathological characteristics of cutaneous melanoma, according to the criteria established by the Brazilian Group of Melanoma, and to evaluate early diagnosis in a cancer treatment referral center. METHODS: we performed a cross-sectional descriptive study of cases of primary cutaneous melanoma identified after excisional biopsy and processed at the pathology laboratory of Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa between Jan 1st 2000 and Jan 15th 2005. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, topography, histopathologic subtype, Breslow thickness, growth phase, Clark level, mitotic index, peritumoral and intratumoral lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, angiolymphatic invasion, ulceration, regression, type of regression, microscopic satellitosis, and surgical margins. RESULTS: 328 cases, 57% female and 43% male, were analyzed. Mean age was 55.6 years. For women, the most common tumor location was in inferior(29.26%) and superior limbs(23.94%), while for men melanoma was mainly found in the back(35%), followed by anterior chest/abdomen(14.29%) (p<0.05). Prevalence of histologic subtypes was the following: superficial spreading melanoma(62.8%), lentigo maligna(14.9%), nodular(14.6%), acral(7.3%), and desmoplastic(0.3%) types. Regarding Breslow, 26.2% were in situ, 36.9% had <1 mm, and only 15.9% were ? 4mm in depth. CONCLUSION: the distribution of histopathologic subtypes, as well as Breslow thickness, was in accordance with previous studies in outpatient populations. The profile of cases of cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in a tertiary hospital seems to be experiencing some changes over the last two decades, with a current trend for earlier diagnosis.